neobytes/src/rpcwallet.cpp

// Copyright (c) 2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
// Copyright (c) 2009-2012 The Bitcoin developers
// Distributed under the MIT/X11 software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

#include "wallet.h"
#include "walletdb.h"
#include "bitcoinrpc.h"
#include "init.h"
#include "base58.h"

using namespace json_spirit;
using namespace std;

int64 nWalletUnlockTime;
static CCriticalSection cs_nWalletUnlockTime;

std::string
HelpRequiringPassphrase()
{
    return pwalletMain->IsCrypted()
        ? "\nrequires wallet passphrase to be set with walletpassphrase first"
        : "";
}

void
EnsureWalletIsUnlocked()
{
    if (pwalletMain->IsLocked())
        throw JSONRPCError(-13, "Error: Please enter the wallet passphrase with walletpassphrase first.");
}

void WalletTxToJSON(const CWalletTx& wtx, Object& entry)
{
    int confirms = wtx.GetDepthInMainChain();
    entry.push_back(Pair("confirmations", confirms));
    if (wtx.IsCoinBase())
        entry.push_back(Pair("generated", true));
    if (confirms)
    {
        entry.push_back(Pair("blockhash", wtx.hashBlock.GetHex()));
        entry.push_back(Pair("blockindex", wtx.nIndex));
        entry.push_back(Pair("blocktime", (boost::int64_t)(mapBlockIndex[wtx.hashBlock]->nTime)));
    }
    entry.push_back(Pair("txid", wtx.GetHash().GetHex()));
    entry.push_back(Pair("time", (boost::int64_t)wtx.GetTxTime()));
    entry.push_back(Pair("timereceived", (boost::int64_t)wtx.nTimeReceived));
    BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(string,string)& item, wtx.mapValue)
        entry.push_back(Pair(item.first, item.second));
}

string AccountFromValue(const Value& value)
{
    string strAccount = value.get_str();
    if (strAccount == "*")
        throw JSONRPCError(-11, "Invalid account name");
    return strAccount;
}

Value getinfo(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() != 0)
        throw runtime_error(
            "getinfo\n"
            "Returns an object containing various state info.");

    CService addrProxy;
    GetProxy(NET_IPV4, addrProxy);

    Object obj;
    obj.push_back(Pair("version",       (int)CLIENT_VERSION));
    obj.push_back(Pair("protocolversion",(int)PROTOCOL_VERSION));
    obj.push_back(Pair("walletversion", pwalletMain->GetVersion()));
    obj.push_back(Pair("balance",       ValueFromAmount(pwalletMain->GetBalance())));
    obj.push_back(Pair("blocks",        (int)nBestHeight));
    obj.push_back(Pair("connections",   (int)vNodes.size()));
    obj.push_back(Pair("proxy",         (addrProxy.IsValid() ? addrProxy.ToStringIPPort() : string())));
    obj.push_back(Pair("difficulty",    (double)GetDifficulty()));
    obj.push_back(Pair("testnet",       fTestNet));
    obj.push_back(Pair("keypoololdest", (boost::int64_t)pwalletMain->GetOldestKeyPoolTime()));
    obj.push_back(Pair("keypoolsize",   pwalletMain->GetKeyPoolSize()));
    obj.push_back(Pair("paytxfee",      ValueFromAmount(nTransactionFee)));
    if (pwalletMain->IsCrypted())
        obj.push_back(Pair("unlocked_until", (boost::int64_t)nWalletUnlockTime / 1000));
    obj.push_back(Pair("errors",        GetWarnings("statusbar")));
    return obj;
}



Value getnewaddress(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() > 1)
        throw runtime_error(
            "getnewaddress [account]\n"
            "Returns a new Bitcoin address for receiving payments.  "
            "If [account] is specified (recommended), it is added to the address book "
            "so payments received with the address will be credited to [account].");

    // Parse the account first so we don't generate a key if there's an error
    string strAccount;
    if (params.size() > 0)
        strAccount = AccountFromValue(params[0]);

    if (!pwalletMain->IsLocked())
        pwalletMain->TopUpKeyPool();

    // Generate a new key that is added to wallet
    CPubKey newKey;
    if (!pwalletMain->GetKeyFromPool(newKey, false))
        throw JSONRPCError(-12, "Error: Keypool ran out, please call keypoolrefill first");
    CKeyID keyID = newKey.GetID();

    pwalletMain->SetAddressBookName(keyID, strAccount);

    return CBitcoinAddress(keyID).ToString();
}


CBitcoinAddress GetAccountAddress(string strAccount, bool bForceNew=false)
{
    CWalletDB walletdb(pwalletMain->strWalletFile);

    CAccount account;
    walletdb.ReadAccount(strAccount, account);

    bool bKeyUsed = false;

    // Check if the current key has been used
    if (account.vchPubKey.IsValid())
    {
        CScript scriptPubKey;
        scriptPubKey.SetDestination(account.vchPubKey.GetID());
        for (map<uint256, CWalletTx>::iterator it = pwalletMain->mapWallet.begin();
             it != pwalletMain->mapWallet.end() && account.vchPubKey.IsValid();
             ++it)
        {
            const CWalletTx& wtx = (*it).second;
            BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxOut& txout, wtx.vout)
                if (txout.scriptPubKey == scriptPubKey)
                    bKeyUsed = true;
        }
    }

    // Generate a new key
    if (!account.vchPubKey.IsValid() || bForceNew || bKeyUsed)
    {
        if (!pwalletMain->GetKeyFromPool(account.vchPubKey, false))
            throw JSONRPCError(-12, "Error: Keypool ran out, please call keypoolrefill first");

        pwalletMain->SetAddressBookName(account.vchPubKey.GetID(), strAccount);
        walletdb.WriteAccount(strAccount, account);
    }

    return CBitcoinAddress(account.vchPubKey.GetID());
}

Value getaccountaddress(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() != 1)
        throw runtime_error(
            "getaccountaddress <account>\n"
            "Returns the current Bitcoin address for receiving payments to this account.");

    // Parse the account first so we don't generate a key if there's an error
    string strAccount = AccountFromValue(params[0]);

    Value ret;

    ret = GetAccountAddress(strAccount).ToString();

    return ret;
}



Value setaccount(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() < 1 || params.size() > 2)
        throw runtime_error(
            "setaccount <bitcoinaddress> <account>\n"
            "Sets the account associated with the given address.");

    CBitcoinAddress address(params[0].get_str());
    if (!address.IsValid())
        throw JSONRPCError(-5, "Invalid Bitcoin address");


    string strAccount;
    if (params.size() > 1)
        strAccount = AccountFromValue(params[1]);

    // Detect when changing the account of an address that is the 'unused current key' of another account:
    if (pwalletMain->mapAddressBook.count(address.Get()))
    {
        string strOldAccount = pwalletMain->mapAddressBook[address.Get()];
        if (address == GetAccountAddress(strOldAccount))
            GetAccountAddress(strOldAccount, true);
    }

    pwalletMain->SetAddressBookName(address.Get(), strAccount);

    return Value::null;
}


Value getaccount(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() != 1)
        throw runtime_error(
            "getaccount <bitcoinaddress>\n"
            "Returns the account associated with the given address.");

    CBitcoinAddress address(params[0].get_str());
    if (!address.IsValid())
        throw JSONRPCError(-5, "Invalid Bitcoin address");

    string strAccount;
    map<CTxDestination, string>::iterator mi = pwalletMain->mapAddressBook.find(address.Get());
    if (mi != pwalletMain->mapAddressBook.end() && !(*mi).second.empty())
        strAccount = (*mi).second;
    return strAccount;
}


Value getaddressesbyaccount(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() != 1)
        throw runtime_error(
            "getaddressesbyaccount <account>\n"
            "Returns the list of addresses for the given account.");

    string strAccount = AccountFromValue(params[0]);

    // Find all addresses that have the given account
    Array ret;
    BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(CBitcoinAddress, string)& item, pwalletMain->mapAddressBook)
    {
        const CBitcoinAddress& address = item.first;
        const string& strName = item.second;
        if (strName == strAccount)
            ret.push_back(address.ToString());
    }
    return ret;
}

Value sendtoaddress(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() < 2 || params.size() > 4)
        throw runtime_error(
            "sendtoaddress <bitcoinaddress> <amount> [comment] [comment-to]\n"
            "<amount> is a real and is rounded to the nearest 0.00000001"
            + HelpRequiringPassphrase());

    CBitcoinAddress address(params[0].get_str());
    if (!address.IsValid())
        throw JSONRPCError(-5, "Invalid Bitcoin address");

    // Amount
    int64 nAmount = AmountFromValue(params[1]);

    // Wallet comments
    CWalletTx wtx;
    if (params.size() > 2 && params[2].type() != null_type && !params[2].get_str().empty())
        wtx.mapValue["comment"] = params[2].get_str();
    if (params.size() > 3 && params[3].type() != null_type && !params[3].get_str().empty())
        wtx.mapValue["to"]      = params[3].get_str();

    if (pwalletMain->IsLocked())
        throw JSONRPCError(-13, "Error: Please enter the wallet passphrase with walletpassphrase first.");

    string strError = pwalletMain->SendMoneyToDestination(address.Get(), nAmount, wtx);
    if (strError != "")
        throw JSONRPCError(-4, strError);

    return wtx.GetHash().GetHex();
}

Value signmessage(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() != 2)
        throw runtime_error(
            "signmessage <bitcoinaddress> <message>\n"
            "Sign a message with the private key of an address");

    EnsureWalletIsUnlocked();

    string strAddress = params[0].get_str();
    string strMessage = params[1].get_str();

    CBitcoinAddress addr(strAddress);
    if (!addr.IsValid())
        throw JSONRPCError(-3, "Invalid address");

    CKeyID keyID;
    if (!addr.GetKeyID(keyID))
        throw JSONRPCError(-3, "Address does not refer to key");

    CKey key;
    if (!pwalletMain->GetKey(keyID, key))
        throw JSONRPCError(-4, "Private key not available");

    CDataStream ss(SER_GETHASH, 0);
    ss << strMessageMagic;
    ss << strMessage;

    vector<unsigned char> vchSig;
    if (!key.SignCompact(Hash(ss.begin(), ss.end()), vchSig))
        throw JSONRPCError(-5, "Sign failed");

    return EncodeBase64(&vchSig[0], vchSig.size());
}

Value verifymessage(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() != 3)
        throw runtime_error(
            "verifymessage <bitcoinaddress> <signature> <message>\n"
            "Verify a signed message");

    string strAddress  = params[0].get_str();
    string strSign     = params[1].get_str();
    string strMessage  = params[2].get_str();

    CBitcoinAddress addr(strAddress);
    if (!addr.IsValid())
        throw JSONRPCError(-3, "Invalid address");

    CKeyID keyID;
    if (!addr.GetKeyID(keyID))
        throw JSONRPCError(-3, "Address does not refer to key");

    bool fInvalid = false;
    vector<unsigned char> vchSig = DecodeBase64(strSign.c_str(), &fInvalid);

    if (fInvalid)
        throw JSONRPCError(-5, "Malformed base64 encoding");

    CDataStream ss(SER_GETHASH, 0);
    ss << strMessageMagic;
    ss << strMessage;

    CKey key;
    if (!key.SetCompactSignature(Hash(ss.begin(), ss.end()), vchSig))
        return false;

    return (key.GetPubKey().GetID() == keyID);
}


Value getreceivedbyaddress(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() < 1 || params.size() > 2)
        throw runtime_error(
            "getreceivedbyaddress <bitcoinaddress> [minconf=1]\n"
            "Returns the total amount received by <bitcoinaddress> in transactions with at least [minconf] confirmations.");

    // Bitcoin address
    CBitcoinAddress address = CBitcoinAddress(params[0].get_str());
    CScript scriptPubKey;
    if (!address.IsValid())
        throw JSONRPCError(-5, "Invalid Bitcoin address");
    scriptPubKey.SetDestination(address.Get());
    if (!IsMine(*pwalletMain,scriptPubKey))
        return (double)0.0;

    // Minimum confirmations
    int nMinDepth = 1;
    if (params.size() > 1)
        nMinDepth = params[1].get_int();

    // Tally
    int64 nAmount = 0;
    for (map<uint256, CWalletTx>::iterator it = pwalletMain->mapWallet.begin(); it != pwalletMain->mapWallet.end(); ++it)
    {
        const CWalletTx& wtx = (*it).second;
        if (wtx.IsCoinBase() || !wtx.IsFinal())
            continue;

        BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxOut& txout, wtx.vout)
            if (txout.scriptPubKey == scriptPubKey)
                if (wtx.GetDepthInMainChain() >= nMinDepth)
                    nAmount += txout.nValue;
    }

    return  ValueFromAmount(nAmount);
}


void GetAccountAddresses(string strAccount, set<CTxDestination>& setAddress)
{
    BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(CTxDestination, string)& item, pwalletMain->mapAddressBook)
    {
        const CTxDestination& address = item.first;
        const string& strName = item.second;
        if (strName == strAccount)
            setAddress.insert(address);
    }
}

Value getreceivedbyaccount(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() < 1 || params.size() > 2)
        throw runtime_error(
            "getreceivedbyaccount <account> [minconf=1]\n"
            "Returns the total amount received by addresses with <account> in transactions with at least [minconf] confirmations.");

    // Minimum confirmations
    int nMinDepth = 1;
    if (params.size() > 1)
        nMinDepth = params[1].get_int();

    // Get the set of pub keys assigned to account
    string strAccount = AccountFromValue(params[0]);
    set<CTxDestination> setAddress;
    GetAccountAddresses(strAccount, setAddress);

    // Tally
    int64 nAmount = 0;
    for (map<uint256, CWalletTx>::iterator it = pwalletMain->mapWallet.begin(); it != pwalletMain->mapWallet.end(); ++it)
    {
        const CWalletTx& wtx = (*it).second;
        if (wtx.IsCoinBase() || !wtx.IsFinal())
            continue;

        BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxOut& txout, wtx.vout)
        {
            CTxDestination address;
            if (ExtractDestination(txout.scriptPubKey, address) && IsMine(*pwalletMain, address) && setAddress.count(address))
                if (wtx.GetDepthInMainChain() >= nMinDepth)
                    nAmount += txout.nValue;
        }
    }

    return (double)nAmount / (double)COIN;
}


int64 GetAccountBalance(CWalletDB& walletdb, const string& strAccount, int nMinDepth)
{
    int64 nBalance = 0;

    // Tally wallet transactions
    for (map<uint256, CWalletTx>::iterator it = pwalletMain->mapWallet.begin(); it != pwalletMain->mapWallet.end(); ++it)
    {
        const CWalletTx& wtx = (*it).second;
        if (!wtx.IsFinal())
            continue;

        int64 nReceived, nSent, nFee;
        wtx.GetAccountAmounts(strAccount, nReceived, nSent, nFee);

        if (nReceived != 0 && wtx.GetDepthInMainChain() >= nMinDepth)
            nBalance += nReceived;
        nBalance -= nSent + nFee;
    }

    // Tally internal accounting entries
    nBalance += walletdb.GetAccountCreditDebit(strAccount);

    return nBalance;
}

int64 GetAccountBalance(const string& strAccount, int nMinDepth)
{
    CWalletDB walletdb(pwalletMain->strWalletFile);
    return GetAccountBalance(walletdb, strAccount, nMinDepth);
}


Value getbalance(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() > 2)
        throw runtime_error(
            "getbalance [account] [minconf=1]\n"
            "If [account] is not specified, returns the server's total available balance.\n"
            "If [account] is specified, returns the balance in the account.");

    if (params.size() == 0)
        return  ValueFromAmount(pwalletMain->GetBalance());

    int nMinDepth = 1;
    if (params.size() > 1)
        nMinDepth = params[1].get_int();

    if (params[0].get_str() == "*") {
        // Calculate total balance a different way from GetBalance()
        // (GetBalance() sums up all unspent TxOuts)
        // getbalance and getbalance '*' should always return the same number.
        int64 nBalance = 0;
        for (map<uint256, CWalletTx>::iterator it = pwalletMain->mapWallet.begin(); it != pwalletMain->mapWallet.end(); ++it)
        {
            const CWalletTx& wtx = (*it).second;
            if (!wtx.IsFinal())
                continue;

            int64 allFee;
            string strSentAccount;
            list<pair<CTxDestination, int64> > listReceived;
            list<pair<CTxDestination, int64> > listSent;
            wtx.GetAmounts(listReceived, listSent, allFee, strSentAccount);
            if (wtx.GetDepthInMainChain() >= nMinDepth)
            {
                BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(CTxDestination,int64)& r, listReceived)
                    nBalance += r.second;
            }
            BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(CTxDestination,int64)& r, listSent)
                nBalance -= r.second;
            nBalance -= allFee;
        }
        return  ValueFromAmount(nBalance);
    }

    string strAccount = AccountFromValue(params[0]);

    int64 nBalance = GetAccountBalance(strAccount, nMinDepth);

    return ValueFromAmount(nBalance);
}


Value movecmd(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() < 3 || params.size() > 5)
        throw runtime_error(
            "move <fromaccount> <toaccount> <amount> [minconf=1] [comment]\n"
            "Move from one account in your wallet to another.");

    string strFrom = AccountFromValue(params[0]);
    string strTo = AccountFromValue(params[1]);
    int64 nAmount = AmountFromValue(params[2]);
    if (params.size() > 3)
        // unused parameter, used to be nMinDepth, keep type-checking it though
        (void)params[3].get_int();
    string strComment;
    if (params.size() > 4)
        strComment = params[4].get_str();

    CWalletDB walletdb(pwalletMain->strWalletFile);
    if (!walletdb.TxnBegin())
        throw JSONRPCError(-20, "database error");

    int64 nNow = GetAdjustedTime();

    // Debit
    CAccountingEntry debit;
    debit.nOrderPos = pwalletMain->nOrderPosNext++;
    debit.strAccount = strFrom;
    debit.nCreditDebit = -nAmount;
    debit.nTime = nNow;
    debit.strOtherAccount = strTo;
    debit.strComment = strComment;
    walletdb.WriteAccountingEntry(debit);

    // Credit
    CAccountingEntry credit;
    credit.nOrderPos = pwalletMain->nOrderPosNext++;
    credit.strAccount = strTo;
    credit.nCreditDebit = nAmount;
    credit.nTime = nNow;
    credit.strOtherAccount = strFrom;
    credit.strComment = strComment;
    walletdb.WriteAccountingEntry(credit);

    if (!walletdb.TxnCommit())
        throw JSONRPCError(-20, "database error");

    return true;
}


Value sendfrom(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() < 3 || params.size() > 6)
        throw runtime_error(
            "sendfrom <fromaccount> <tobitcoinaddress> <amount> [minconf=1] [comment] [comment-to]\n"
            "<amount> is a real and is rounded to the nearest 0.00000001"
            + HelpRequiringPassphrase());

    string strAccount = AccountFromValue(params[0]);
    CBitcoinAddress address(params[1].get_str());
    if (!address.IsValid())
        throw JSONRPCError(-5, "Invalid Bitcoin address");
    int64 nAmount = AmountFromValue(params[2]);
    int nMinDepth = 1;
    if (params.size() > 3)
        nMinDepth = params[3].get_int();

    CWalletTx wtx;
    wtx.strFromAccount = strAccount;
    if (params.size() > 4 && params[4].type() != null_type && !params[4].get_str().empty())
        wtx.mapValue["comment"] = params[4].get_str();
    if (params.size() > 5 && params[5].type() != null_type && !params[5].get_str().empty())
        wtx.mapValue["to"]      = params[5].get_str();

    EnsureWalletIsUnlocked();

    // Check funds
    int64 nBalance = GetAccountBalance(strAccount, nMinDepth);
    if (nAmount > nBalance)
        throw JSONRPCError(-6, "Account has insufficient funds");

    // Send
    string strError = pwalletMain->SendMoneyToDestination(address.Get(), nAmount, wtx);
    if (strError != "")
        throw JSONRPCError(-4, strError);

    return wtx.GetHash().GetHex();
}


Value sendmany(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() < 2 || params.size() > 4)
        throw runtime_error(
            "sendmany <fromaccount> {address:amount,...} [minconf=1] [comment]\n"
            "amounts are double-precision floating point numbers"
            + HelpRequiringPassphrase());

    string strAccount = AccountFromValue(params[0]);
    Object sendTo = params[1].get_obj();
    int nMinDepth = 1;
    if (params.size() > 2)
        nMinDepth = params[2].get_int();

    CWalletTx wtx;
    wtx.strFromAccount = strAccount;
    if (params.size() > 3 && params[3].type() != null_type && !params[3].get_str().empty())
        wtx.mapValue["comment"] = params[3].get_str();

    set<CBitcoinAddress> setAddress;
    vector<pair<CScript, int64> > vecSend;

    int64 totalAmount = 0;
    BOOST_FOREACH(const Pair& s, sendTo)
    {
        CBitcoinAddress address(s.name_);
        if (!address.IsValid())
            throw JSONRPCError(-5, string("Invalid Bitcoin address: ")+s.name_);

        if (setAddress.count(address))
            throw JSONRPCError(-8, string("Invalid parameter, duplicated address: ")+s.name_);
        setAddress.insert(address);

        CScript scriptPubKey;
        scriptPubKey.SetDestination(address.Get());
        int64 nAmount = AmountFromValue(s.value_);
        totalAmount += nAmount;

        vecSend.push_back(make_pair(scriptPubKey, nAmount));
    }

    EnsureWalletIsUnlocked();

    // Check funds
    int64 nBalance = GetAccountBalance(strAccount, nMinDepth);
    if (totalAmount > nBalance)
        throw JSONRPCError(-6, "Account has insufficient funds");

    // Send
    CReserveKey keyChange(pwalletMain);
    int64 nFeeRequired = 0;
    bool fCreated = pwalletMain->CreateTransaction(vecSend, wtx, keyChange, nFeeRequired);
    if (!fCreated)
    {
        if (totalAmount + nFeeRequired > pwalletMain->GetBalance())
            throw JSONRPCError(-6, "Insufficient funds");
        throw JSONRPCError(-4, "Transaction creation failed");
    }
    if (!pwalletMain->CommitTransaction(wtx, keyChange))
        throw JSONRPCError(-4, "Transaction commit failed");

    return wtx.GetHash().GetHex();
}

Value addmultisigaddress(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() < 2 || params.size() > 3)
    {
        string msg = "addmultisigaddress <nrequired> <'[\"key\",\"key\"]'> [account]\n"
            "Add a nrequired-to-sign multisignature address to the wallet\"\n"
            "each key is a Bitcoin address or hex-encoded public key\n"
            "If [account] is specified, assign address to [account].";
        throw runtime_error(msg);
    }

    int nRequired = params[0].get_int();
    const Array& keys = params[1].get_array();
    string strAccount;
    if (params.size() > 2)
        strAccount = AccountFromValue(params[2]);

    // Gather public keys
    if (nRequired < 1)
        throw runtime_error("a multisignature address must require at least one key to redeem");
    if ((int)keys.size() < nRequired)
        throw runtime_error(
            strprintf("not enough keys supplied "
                      "(got %d keys, but need at least %d to redeem)", keys.size(), nRequired));
    std::vector<CKey> pubkeys;
    pubkeys.resize(keys.size());
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < keys.size(); i++)
    {
        const std::string& ks = keys[i].get_str();

        // Case 1: Bitcoin address and we have full public key:
        CBitcoinAddress address(ks);
        if (address.IsValid())
        {
            CKeyID keyID;
            if (!address.GetKeyID(keyID))
                throw runtime_error(
                    strprintf("%s does not refer to a key",ks.c_str()));
            CPubKey vchPubKey;
            if (!pwalletMain->GetPubKey(keyID, vchPubKey))
                throw runtime_error(
                    strprintf("no full public key for address %s",ks.c_str()));
            if (!vchPubKey.IsValid() || !pubkeys[i].SetPubKey(vchPubKey))
                throw runtime_error(" Invalid public key: "+ks);
        }

        // Case 2: hex public key
        else if (IsHex(ks))
        {
            CPubKey vchPubKey(ParseHex(ks));
            if (!vchPubKey.IsValid() || !pubkeys[i].SetPubKey(vchPubKey))
                throw runtime_error(" Invalid public key: "+ks);
        }
        else
        {
            throw runtime_error(" Invalid public key: "+ks);
        }
    }

    // Construct using pay-to-script-hash:
    CScript inner;
    inner.SetMultisig(nRequired, pubkeys);
    CScriptID innerID = inner.GetID();
    pwalletMain->AddCScript(inner);

    pwalletMain->SetAddressBookName(innerID, strAccount);
    return CBitcoinAddress(innerID).ToString();
}


struct tallyitem
{
    int64 nAmount;
    int nConf;
    tallyitem()
    {
        nAmount = 0;
        nConf = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
    }
};

Value ListReceived(const Array& params, bool fByAccounts)
{
    // Minimum confirmations
    int nMinDepth = 1;
    if (params.size() > 0)
        nMinDepth = params[0].get_int();

    // Whether to include empty accounts
    bool fIncludeEmpty = false;
    if (params.size() > 1)
        fIncludeEmpty = params[1].get_bool();

    // Tally
    map<CBitcoinAddress, tallyitem> mapTally;
    for (map<uint256, CWalletTx>::iterator it = pwalletMain->mapWallet.begin(); it != pwalletMain->mapWallet.end(); ++it)
    {
        const CWalletTx& wtx = (*it).second;

        if (wtx.IsCoinBase() || !wtx.IsFinal())
            continue;

        int nDepth = wtx.GetDepthInMainChain();
        if (nDepth < nMinDepth)
            continue;

        BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxOut& txout, wtx.vout)
        {
            CTxDestination address;
            if (!ExtractDestination(txout.scriptPubKey, address) || !IsMine(*pwalletMain, address))
                continue;

            tallyitem& item = mapTally[address];
            item.nAmount += txout.nValue;
            item.nConf = min(item.nConf, nDepth);
        }
    }

    // Reply
    Array ret;
    map<string, tallyitem> mapAccountTally;
    BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(CBitcoinAddress, string)& item, pwalletMain->mapAddressBook)
    {
        const CBitcoinAddress& address = item.first;
        const string& strAccount = item.second;
        map<CBitcoinAddress, tallyitem>::iterator it = mapTally.find(address);
        if (it == mapTally.end() && !fIncludeEmpty)
            continue;

        int64 nAmount = 0;
        int nConf = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
        if (it != mapTally.end())
        {
            nAmount = (*it).second.nAmount;
            nConf = (*it).second.nConf;
        }

        if (fByAccounts)
        {
            tallyitem& item = mapAccountTally[strAccount];
            item.nAmount += nAmount;
            item.nConf = min(item.nConf, nConf);
        }
        else
        {
            Object obj;
            obj.push_back(Pair("address",       address.ToString()));
            obj.push_back(Pair("account",       strAccount));
            obj.push_back(Pair("amount",        ValueFromAmount(nAmount)));
            obj.push_back(Pair("confirmations", (nConf == std::numeric_limits<int>::max() ? 0 : nConf)));
            ret.push_back(obj);
        }
    }

    if (fByAccounts)
    {
        for (map<string, tallyitem>::iterator it = mapAccountTally.begin(); it != mapAccountTally.end(); ++it)
        {
            int64 nAmount = (*it).second.nAmount;
            int nConf = (*it).second.nConf;
            Object obj;
            obj.push_back(Pair("account",       (*it).first));
            obj.push_back(Pair("amount",        ValueFromAmount(nAmount)));
            obj.push_back(Pair("confirmations", (nConf == std::numeric_limits<int>::max() ? 0 : nConf)));
            ret.push_back(obj);
        }
    }

    return ret;
}

Value listreceivedbyaddress(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() > 2)
        throw runtime_error(
            "listreceivedbyaddress [minconf=1] [includeempty=false]\n"
            "[minconf] is the minimum number of confirmations before payments are included.\n"
            "[includeempty] whether to include addresses that haven't received any payments.\n"
            "Returns an array of objects containing:\n"
            "  \"address\" : receiving address\n"
            "  \"account\" : the account of the receiving address\n"
            "  \"amount\" : total amount received by the address\n"
            "  \"confirmations\" : number of confirmations of the most recent transaction included");

    return ListReceived(params, false);
}

Value listreceivedbyaccount(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() > 2)
        throw runtime_error(
            "listreceivedbyaccount [minconf=1] [includeempty=false]\n"
            "[minconf] is the minimum number of confirmations before payments are included.\n"
            "[includeempty] whether to include accounts that haven't received any payments.\n"
            "Returns an array of objects containing:\n"
            "  \"account\" : the account of the receiving addresses\n"
            "  \"amount\" : total amount received by addresses with this account\n"
            "  \"confirmations\" : number of confirmations of the most recent transaction included");

    return ListReceived(params, true);
}

void ListTransactions(const CWalletTx& wtx, const string& strAccount, int nMinDepth, bool fLong, Array& ret)
{
    int64 nFee;
    string strSentAccount;
    list<pair<CTxDestination, int64> > listReceived;
    list<pair<CTxDestination, int64> > listSent;

    wtx.GetAmounts(listReceived, listSent, nFee, strSentAccount);

    bool fAllAccounts = (strAccount == string("*"));

    // Sent
    if ((!listSent.empty() || nFee != 0) && (fAllAccounts || strAccount == strSentAccount))
    {
        BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(CTxDestination, int64)& s, listSent)
        {
            Object entry;
            entry.push_back(Pair("account", strSentAccount));
            entry.push_back(Pair("address", CBitcoinAddress(s.first).ToString()));
            entry.push_back(Pair("category", "send"));
            entry.push_back(Pair("amount", ValueFromAmount(-s.second)));
            entry.push_back(Pair("fee", ValueFromAmount(-nFee)));
            if (fLong)
                WalletTxToJSON(wtx, entry);
            ret.push_back(entry);
        }
    }

    // Received
    if (listReceived.size() > 0 && wtx.GetDepthInMainChain() >= nMinDepth)
    {
        BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(CTxDestination, int64)& r, listReceived)
        {
            string account;
            if (pwalletMain->mapAddressBook.count(r.first))
                account = pwalletMain->mapAddressBook[r.first];
            if (fAllAccounts || (account == strAccount))
            {
                Object entry;
                entry.push_back(Pair("account", account));
                entry.push_back(Pair("address", CBitcoinAddress(r.first).ToString()));
                if (wtx.IsCoinBase())
                {
                    if (wtx.GetDepthInMainChain() < 1)
                        entry.push_back(Pair("category", "orphan"));
                    else if (wtx.GetBlocksToMaturity() > 0)
                        entry.push_back(Pair("category", "immature"));
                    else
                        entry.push_back(Pair("category", "generate"));
                }
                else
                    entry.push_back(Pair("category", "receive"));
                entry.push_back(Pair("amount", ValueFromAmount(r.second)));
                if (fLong)
                    WalletTxToJSON(wtx, entry);
                ret.push_back(entry);
            }
        }
    }
}

void AcentryToJSON(const CAccountingEntry& acentry, const string& strAccount, Array& ret)
{
    bool fAllAccounts = (strAccount == string("*"));

    if (fAllAccounts || acentry.strAccount == strAccount)
    {
        Object entry;
        entry.push_back(Pair("account", acentry.strAccount));
        entry.push_back(Pair("category", "move"));
        entry.push_back(Pair("time", (boost::int64_t)acentry.nTime));
        entry.push_back(Pair("amount", ValueFromAmount(acentry.nCreditDebit)));
        entry.push_back(Pair("otheraccount", acentry.strOtherAccount));
        entry.push_back(Pair("comment", acentry.strComment));
        ret.push_back(entry);
    }
}

Value listtransactions(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() > 3)
        throw runtime_error(
            "listtransactions [account] [count=10] [from=0]\n"
            "Returns up to [count] most recent transactions skipping the first [from] transactions for account [account].");

    string strAccount = "*";
    if (params.size() > 0)
        strAccount = params[0].get_str();
    int nCount = 10;
    if (params.size() > 1)
        nCount = params[1].get_int();
    int nFrom = 0;
    if (params.size() > 2)
        nFrom = params[2].get_int();

    if (nCount < 0)
        throw JSONRPCError(-8, "Negative count");
    if (nFrom < 0)
        throw JSONRPCError(-8, "Negative from");

    Array ret;

    CWallet::TxItems txOrdered = pwalletMain->OrderedTxItems(strAccount);

    // iterate backwards until we have nCount items to return:
    for (CWallet::TxItems::reverse_iterator it = txOrdered.rbegin(); it != txOrdered.rend(); ++it)
    {
        CWalletTx *const pwtx = (*it).second.first;
        if (pwtx != 0)
            ListTransactions(*pwtx, strAccount, 0, true, ret);
        CAccountingEntry *const pacentry = (*it).second.second;
        if (pacentry != 0)
            AcentryToJSON(*pacentry, strAccount, ret);

        if ((int)ret.size() >= (nCount+nFrom)) break;
    }
    // ret is newest to oldest

    if (nFrom > (int)ret.size())
        nFrom = ret.size();
    if ((nFrom + nCount) > (int)ret.size())
        nCount = ret.size() - nFrom;
    Array::iterator first = ret.begin();
    std::advance(first, nFrom);
    Array::iterator last = ret.begin();
    std::advance(last, nFrom+nCount);

    if (last != ret.end()) ret.erase(last, ret.end());
    if (first != ret.begin()) ret.erase(ret.begin(), first);

    std::reverse(ret.begin(), ret.end()); // Return oldest to newest

    return ret;
}

Value listaccounts(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() > 1)
        throw runtime_error(
            "listaccounts [minconf=1]\n"
            "Returns Object that has account names as keys, account balances as values.");

    int nMinDepth = 1;
    if (params.size() > 0)
        nMinDepth = params[0].get_int();

    map<string, int64> mapAccountBalances;
    BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(CTxDestination, string)& entry, pwalletMain->mapAddressBook) {
        if (IsMine(*pwalletMain, entry.first)) // This address belongs to me
            mapAccountBalances[entry.second] = 0;
    }

    for (map<uint256, CWalletTx>::iterator it = pwalletMain->mapWallet.begin(); it != pwalletMain->mapWallet.end(); ++it)
    {
        const CWalletTx& wtx = (*it).second;
        int64 nFee;
        string strSentAccount;
        list<pair<CTxDestination, int64> > listReceived;
        list<pair<CTxDestination, int64> > listSent;
        wtx.GetAmounts(listReceived, listSent, nFee, strSentAccount);
        mapAccountBalances[strSentAccount] -= nFee;
        BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(CTxDestination, int64)& s, listSent)
            mapAccountBalances[strSentAccount] -= s.second;
        if (wtx.GetDepthInMainChain() >= nMinDepth)
        {
            BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(CTxDestination, int64)& r, listReceived)
                if (pwalletMain->mapAddressBook.count(r.first))
                    mapAccountBalances[pwalletMain->mapAddressBook[r.first]] += r.second;
                else
                    mapAccountBalances[""] += r.second;
        }
    }

    list<CAccountingEntry> acentries;
    CWalletDB(pwalletMain->strWalletFile).ListAccountCreditDebit("*", acentries);
    BOOST_FOREACH(const CAccountingEntry& entry, acentries)
        mapAccountBalances[entry.strAccount] += entry.nCreditDebit;

    Object ret;
    BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(string, int64)& accountBalance, mapAccountBalances) {
        ret.push_back(Pair(accountBalance.first, ValueFromAmount(accountBalance.second)));
    }
    return ret;
}

Value listsinceblock(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp)
        throw runtime_error(
            "listsinceblock [blockhash] [target-confirmations]\n"
            "Get all transactions in blocks since block [blockhash], or all transactions if omitted");

    CBlockIndex *pindex = NULL;
    int target_confirms = 1;

    if (params.size() > 0)
    {
        uint256 blockId = 0;

        blockId.SetHex(params[0].get_str());
        pindex = CBlockLocator(blockId).GetBlockIndex();
    }

    if (params.size() > 1)
    {
        target_confirms = params[1].get_int();

        if (target_confirms < 1)
            throw JSONRPCError(-8, "Invalid parameter");
    }

    int depth = pindex ? (1 + nBestHeight - pindex->nHeight) : -1;

    Array transactions;

    for (map<uint256, CWalletTx>::iterator it = pwalletMain->mapWallet.begin(); it != pwalletMain->mapWallet.end(); it++)
    {
        CWalletTx tx = (*it).second;

        if (depth == -1 || tx.GetDepthInMainChain() < depth)
            ListTransactions(tx, "*", 0, true, transactions);
    }

    uint256 lastblock;

    if (target_confirms == 1)
    {
        lastblock = hashBestChain;
    }
    else
    {
        int target_height = pindexBest->nHeight + 1 - target_confirms;

        CBlockIndex *block;
        for (block = pindexBest;
             block && block->nHeight > target_height;
             block = block->pprev)  { }

        lastblock = block ? block->GetBlockHash() : 0;
    }

    Object ret;
    ret.push_back(Pair("transactions", transactions));
    ret.push_back(Pair("lastblock", lastblock.GetHex()));

    return ret;
}

Value gettransaction(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() != 1)
        throw runtime_error(
            "gettransaction <txid>\n"
            "Get detailed information about in-wallet transaction <txid>");

    uint256 hash;
    hash.SetHex(params[0].get_str());

    Object entry;
    if (!pwalletMain->mapWallet.count(hash))
        throw JSONRPCError(-5, "Invalid or non-wallet transaction id");
    const CWalletTx& wtx = pwalletMain->mapWallet[hash];

    int64 nCredit = wtx.GetCredit();
    int64 nDebit = wtx.GetDebit();
    int64 nNet = nCredit - nDebit;
    int64 nFee = (wtx.IsFromMe() ? wtx.GetValueOut() - nDebit : 0);

    entry.push_back(Pair("amount", ValueFromAmount(nNet - nFee)));
    if (wtx.IsFromMe())
        entry.push_back(Pair("fee", ValueFromAmount(nFee)));

    WalletTxToJSON(wtx, entry);

    Array details;
    ListTransactions(wtx, "*", 0, false, details);
    entry.push_back(Pair("details", details));

    return entry;
}


Value backupwallet(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() != 1)
        throw runtime_error(
            "backupwallet <destination>\n"
            "Safely copies wallet.dat to destination, which can be a directory or a path with filename.");

    string strDest = params[0].get_str();
    BackupWallet(*pwalletMain, strDest);

    return Value::null;
}


Value keypoolrefill(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() > 0)
        throw runtime_error(
            "keypoolrefill\n"
            "Fills the keypool."
            + HelpRequiringPassphrase());

    EnsureWalletIsUnlocked();

    pwalletMain->TopUpKeyPool();

    if (pwalletMain->GetKeyPoolSize() < GetArg("-keypool", 100))
        throw JSONRPCError(-4, "Error refreshing keypool.");

    return Value::null;
}


void ThreadTopUpKeyPool(void* parg)
{
    // Make this thread recognisable as the key-topping-up thread
    RenameThread("bitcoin-key-top");

    pwalletMain->TopUpKeyPool();
}

void ThreadCleanWalletPassphrase(void* parg)
{
    // Make this thread recognisable as the wallet relocking thread
    RenameThread("bitcoin-lock-wa");

    int64 nMyWakeTime = GetTimeMillis() + *((int64*)parg) * 1000;

    ENTER_CRITICAL_SECTION(cs_nWalletUnlockTime);

    if (nWalletUnlockTime == 0)
    {
        nWalletUnlockTime = nMyWakeTime;

        do
        {
            if (nWalletUnlockTime==0)
                break;
            int64 nToSleep = nWalletUnlockTime - GetTimeMillis();
            if (nToSleep <= 0)
                break;

            LEAVE_CRITICAL_SECTION(cs_nWalletUnlockTime);
            Sleep(nToSleep);
            ENTER_CRITICAL_SECTION(cs_nWalletUnlockTime);

        } while(1);

        if (nWalletUnlockTime)
        {
            nWalletUnlockTime = 0;
            pwalletMain->Lock();
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if (nWalletUnlockTime < nMyWakeTime)
            nWalletUnlockTime = nMyWakeTime;
    }

    LEAVE_CRITICAL_SECTION(cs_nWalletUnlockTime);

    delete (int64*)parg;
}

Value walletpassphrase(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (pwalletMain->IsCrypted() && (fHelp || params.size() != 2))
        throw runtime_error(
            "walletpassphrase <passphrase> <timeout>\n"
            "Stores the wallet decryption key in memory for <timeout> seconds.");
    if (fHelp)
        return true;
    if (!pwalletMain->IsCrypted())
        throw JSONRPCError(-15, "Error: running with an unencrypted wallet, but walletpassphrase was called.");

    if (!pwalletMain->IsLocked())
        throw JSONRPCError(-17, "Error: Wallet is already unlocked.");

    // Note that the walletpassphrase is stored in params[0] which is not mlock()ed
    SecureString strWalletPass;
    strWalletPass.reserve(100);
    // TODO: get rid of this .c_str() by implementing SecureString::operator=(std::string)
    // Alternately, find a way to make params[0] mlock()'d to begin with.
    strWalletPass = params[0].get_str().c_str();

    if (strWalletPass.length() > 0)
    {
        if (!pwalletMain->Unlock(strWalletPass))
            throw JSONRPCError(-14, "Error: The wallet passphrase entered was incorrect.");
    }
    else
        throw runtime_error(
            "walletpassphrase <passphrase> <timeout>\n"
            "Stores the wallet decryption key in memory for <timeout> seconds.");

    CreateThread(ThreadTopUpKeyPool, NULL);
    int64* pnSleepTime = new int64(params[1].get_int64());
    CreateThread(ThreadCleanWalletPassphrase, pnSleepTime);

    return Value::null;
}


Value walletpassphrasechange(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (pwalletMain->IsCrypted() && (fHelp || params.size() != 2))
        throw runtime_error(
            "walletpassphrasechange <oldpassphrase> <newpassphrase>\n"
            "Changes the wallet passphrase from <oldpassphrase> to <newpassphrase>.");
    if (fHelp)
        return true;
    if (!pwalletMain->IsCrypted())
        throw JSONRPCError(-15, "Error: running with an unencrypted wallet, but walletpassphrasechange was called.");

    // TODO: get rid of these .c_str() calls by implementing SecureString::operator=(std::string)
    // Alternately, find a way to make params[0] mlock()'d to begin with.
    SecureString strOldWalletPass;
    strOldWalletPass.reserve(100);
    strOldWalletPass = params[0].get_str().c_str();

    SecureString strNewWalletPass;
    strNewWalletPass.reserve(100);
    strNewWalletPass = params[1].get_str().c_str();

    if (strOldWalletPass.length() < 1 || strNewWalletPass.length() < 1)
        throw runtime_error(
            "walletpassphrasechange <oldpassphrase> <newpassphrase>\n"
            "Changes the wallet passphrase from <oldpassphrase> to <newpassphrase>.");

    if (!pwalletMain->ChangeWalletPassphrase(strOldWalletPass, strNewWalletPass))
        throw JSONRPCError(-14, "Error: The wallet passphrase entered was incorrect.");

    return Value::null;
}


Value walletlock(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (pwalletMain->IsCrypted() && (fHelp || params.size() != 0))
        throw runtime_error(
            "walletlock\n"
            "Removes the wallet encryption key from memory, locking the wallet.\n"
            "After calling this method, you will need to call walletpassphrase again\n"
            "before being able to call any methods which require the wallet to be unlocked.");
    if (fHelp)
        return true;
    if (!pwalletMain->IsCrypted())
        throw JSONRPCError(-15, "Error: running with an unencrypted wallet, but walletlock was called.");

    {
        LOCK(cs_nWalletUnlockTime);
        pwalletMain->Lock();
        nWalletUnlockTime = 0;
    }

    return Value::null;
}


Value encryptwallet(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (!pwalletMain->IsCrypted() && (fHelp || params.size() != 1))
        throw runtime_error(
            "encryptwallet <passphrase>\n"
            "Encrypts the wallet with <passphrase>.");
    if (fHelp)
        return true;
    if (pwalletMain->IsCrypted())
        throw JSONRPCError(-15, "Error: running with an encrypted wallet, but encryptwallet was called.");

    // TODO: get rid of this .c_str() by implementing SecureString::operator=(std::string)
    // Alternately, find a way to make params[0] mlock()'d to begin with.
    SecureString strWalletPass;
    strWalletPass.reserve(100);
    strWalletPass = params[0].get_str().c_str();

    if (strWalletPass.length() < 1)
        throw runtime_error(
            "encryptwallet <passphrase>\n"
            "Encrypts the wallet with <passphrase>.");

    if (!pwalletMain->EncryptWallet(strWalletPass))
        throw JSONRPCError(-16, "Error: Failed to encrypt the wallet.");

    // BDB seems to have a bad habit of writing old data into
    // slack space in .dat files; that is bad if the old data is
    // unencrypted private keys. So:
    StartShutdown();
    return "wallet encrypted; Bitcoin server stopping, restart to run with encrypted wallet";
}

class DescribeAddressVisitor : public boost::static_visitor<Object>
{
public:
    Object operator()(const CNoDestination &dest) const { return Object(); }

    Object operator()(const CKeyID &keyID) const {
        Object obj;
        CPubKey vchPubKey;
        pwalletMain->GetPubKey(keyID, vchPubKey);
        obj.push_back(Pair("isscript", false));
        obj.push_back(Pair("pubkey", HexStr(vchPubKey.Raw())));
        obj.push_back(Pair("iscompressed", vchPubKey.IsCompressed()));
        return obj;
    }

    Object operator()(const CScriptID &scriptID) const {
        Object obj;
        obj.push_back(Pair("isscript", true));
        CScript subscript;
        pwalletMain->GetCScript(scriptID, subscript);
        std::vector<CTxDestination> addresses;
        txnouttype whichType;
        int nRequired;
        ExtractDestinations(subscript, whichType, addresses, nRequired);
        obj.push_back(Pair("script", GetTxnOutputType(whichType)));
        Array a;
        BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxDestination& addr, addresses)
            a.push_back(CBitcoinAddress(addr).ToString());
        obj.push_back(Pair("addresses", a));
        if (whichType == TX_MULTISIG)
            obj.push_back(Pair("sigsrequired", nRequired));
        return obj;
    }
};

Value validateaddress(const Array& params, bool fHelp)
{
    if (fHelp || params.size() != 1)
        throw runtime_error(
            "validateaddress <bitcoinaddress>\n"
            "Return information about <bitcoinaddress>.");

    CBitcoinAddress address(params[0].get_str());
    bool isValid = address.IsValid();

    Object ret;
    ret.push_back(Pair("isvalid", isValid));
    if (isValid)
    {
        CTxDestination dest = address.Get();
        string currentAddress = address.ToString();
        ret.push_back(Pair("address", currentAddress));
        bool fMine = IsMine(*pwalletMain, dest);
        ret.push_back(Pair("ismine", fMine));
        if (fMine) {
            Object detail = boost::apply_visitor(DescribeAddressVisitor(), dest);
            ret.insert(ret.end(), detail.begin(), detail.end());
        }
        if (pwalletMain->mapAddressBook.count(dest))
            ret.push_back(Pair("account", pwalletMain->mapAddressBook[dest]));
    }
    return ret;
}