devtools: Add security-check.py

Perform the following ELF security checks:

- PIE: Check for position independent executable (PIE), allowing for address space randomization
- NX: Check that no sections are writable and executable (including the stack)
- RELRO: Check for read-only relocations, binding at startup
- Canary: Check for use of stack canary

Also add a check to symbol-check.py that checks that only the subset of
allowed libraries is imported (to avoid incompatibilities).
This commit is contained in:
Wladimir J. van der Laan 2015-10-19 14:53:56 +02:00
parent a1d623da3e
commit 579b863cd7
3 changed files with 268 additions and 3 deletions

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@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
#!/usr/bin/python2
'''
Perform basic ELF security checks on a series of executables.
Exit status will be 0 if succesful, and the program will be silent.
Otherwise the exit status will be 1 and it will log which executables failed which checks.
Needs `readelf` (for ELF) and `objdump` (for PE).
'''
from __future__ import division,print_function
import subprocess
import sys
import os
READELF_CMD = os.getenv('READELF', '/usr/bin/readelf')
OBJDUMP_CMD = os.getenv('OBJDUMP', '/usr/bin/objdump')
def check_ELF_PIE(executable):
'''
Check for position independent executable (PIE), allowing for address space randomization.
'''
p = subprocess.Popen([READELF_CMD, '-h', '-W', executable], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
(stdout, stderr) = p.communicate()
if p.returncode:
raise IOError('Error opening file')
ok = False
for line in stdout.split('\n'):
line = line.split()
if len(line)>=2 and line[0] == 'Type:' and line[1] == 'DYN':
ok = True
return ok
def get_ELF_program_headers(executable):
'''Return type and flags for ELF program headers'''
p = subprocess.Popen([READELF_CMD, '-l', '-W', executable], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
(stdout, stderr) = p.communicate()
if p.returncode:
raise IOError('Error opening file')
in_headers = False
count = 0
headers = []
for line in stdout.split('\n'):
if line.startswith('Program Headers:'):
in_headers = True
if line == '':
in_headers = False
if in_headers:
if count == 1: # header line
ofs_typ = line.find('Type')
ofs_offset = line.find('Offset')
ofs_flags = line.find('Flg')
ofs_align = line.find('Align')
if ofs_typ == -1 or ofs_offset == -1 or ofs_flags == -1 or ofs_align == -1:
raise ValueError('Cannot parse elfread -lW output')
elif count > 1:
typ = line[ofs_typ:ofs_offset].rstrip()
flags = line[ofs_flags:ofs_align].rstrip()
headers.append((typ, flags))
count += 1
return headers
def check_ELF_NX(executable):
'''
Check that no sections are writable and executable (including the stack)
'''
have_wx = False
have_gnu_stack = False
for (typ, flags) in get_ELF_program_headers(executable):
if typ == 'GNU_STACK':
have_gnu_stack = True
if 'W' in flags and 'E' in flags: # section is both writable and executable
have_wx = True
return have_gnu_stack and not have_wx
def check_ELF_RELRO(executable):
'''
Check for read-only relocations.
GNU_RELRO program header must exist
Dynamic section must have BIND_NOW flag
'''
have_gnu_relro = False
for (typ, flags) in get_ELF_program_headers(executable):
# Note: not checking flags == 'R': here as linkers set the permission differently
# This does not affect security: the permission flags of the GNU_RELRO program header are ignored, the PT_LOAD header determines the effective permissions.
# However, the dynamic linker need to write to this area so these are RW.
# Glibc itself takes care of mprotecting this area R after relocations are finished.
# See also http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.gnu.binutils/71347
if typ == 'GNU_RELRO':
have_gnu_relro = True
have_bindnow = False
p = subprocess.Popen([READELF_CMD, '-d', '-W', executable], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
(stdout, stderr) = p.communicate()
if p.returncode:
raise IOError('Error opening file')
for line in stdout.split('\n'):
tokens = line.split()
if len(tokens)>1 and tokens[1] == '(BIND_NOW)':
have_bindnow = True
return have_gnu_relro and have_bindnow
def check_ELF_Canary(executable):
'''
Check for use of stack canary
'''
p = subprocess.Popen([READELF_CMD, '--dyn-syms', '-W', executable], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
(stdout, stderr) = p.communicate()
if p.returncode:
raise IOError('Error opening file')
ok = False
for line in stdout.split('\n'):
if '__stack_chk_fail' in line:
ok = True
return ok
def get_PE_dll_characteristics(executable):
'''
Get PE DllCharacteristics bits
'''
p = subprocess.Popen([OBJDUMP_CMD, '-x', executable], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
(stdout, stderr) = p.communicate()
if p.returncode:
raise IOError('Error opening file')
for line in stdout.split('\n'):
tokens = line.split()
if len(tokens)>=2 and tokens[0] == 'DllCharacteristics':
return int(tokens[1],16)
return 0
def check_PE_PIE(executable):
'''PIE: DllCharacteristics bit 0x40 signifies dynamicbase (ASLR)'''
return bool(get_PE_dll_characteristics(executable) & 0x40)
def check_PE_NX(executable):
'''NX: DllCharacteristics bit 0x100 signifies nxcompat (DEP)'''
return bool(get_PE_dll_characteristics(executable) & 0x100)
CHECKS = {
'ELF': [
('PIE', check_ELF_PIE),
('NX', check_ELF_NX),
('RELRO', check_ELF_RELRO),
('Canary', check_ELF_Canary)
],
'PE': [
('PIE', check_PE_PIE),
('NX', check_PE_NX)
]
}
def identify_executable(executable):
with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
magic = f.read(4)
if magic.startswith(b'MZ'):
return 'PE'
elif magic.startswith(b'\x7fELF'):
return 'ELF'
return None
if __name__ == '__main__':
retval = 0
for filename in sys.argv[1:]:
try:
etype = identify_executable(filename)
if etype is None:
print('%s: unknown format' % filename)
retval = 1
continue
failed = []
for (name, func) in CHECKS[etype]:
if not func(filename):
failed.append(name)
if failed:
print('%s: failed %s' % (filename, ' '.join(failed)))
retval = 1
except IOError:
print('%s: cannot open' % filename)
retval = 1
exit(retval)

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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
#!/usr/bin/python #!/usr/bin/python2
# Copyright (c) 2014 Wladimir J. van der Laan # Copyright (c) 2014 Wladimir J. van der Laan
# Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying # Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
# file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php. # file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from __future__ import division, print_function
import subprocess import subprocess
import re import re
import sys import sys
import os
# Debian 6.0.9 (Squeeze) has: # Debian 6.0.9 (Squeeze) has:
# #
@ -45,8 +46,10 @@ MAX_VERSIONS = {
IGNORE_EXPORTS = { IGNORE_EXPORTS = {
'_edata', '_end', '_init', '__bss_start', '_fini' '_edata', '_end', '_init', '__bss_start', '_fini'
} }
READELF_CMD = '/usr/bin/readelf' READELF_CMD = os.getenv('READELF', '/usr/bin/readelf')
CPPFILT_CMD = '/usr/bin/c++filt' CPPFILT_CMD = os.getenv('CPPFILT', '/usr/bin/c++filt')
# Allowed NEEDED libraries
ALLOWED_LIBRARIES = {'librt.so.1','libpthread.so.0','libanl.so.1','libm.so.6','libgcc_s.so.1','libc.so.6','ld-linux-x86-64.so.2'}
class CPPFilt(object): class CPPFilt(object):
''' '''
@ -98,6 +101,22 @@ def check_version(max_versions, version):
return False return False
return ver <= max_versions[lib] return ver <= max_versions[lib]
def read_libraries(filename):
p = subprocess.Popen([READELF_CMD, '-d', '-W', filename], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
(stdout, stderr) = p.communicate()
if p.returncode:
raise IOError('Error opening file')
libraries = []
for line in stdout.split('\n'):
tokens = line.split()
if len(tokens)>2 and tokens[1] == '(NEEDED)':
match = re.match('^Shared library: \[(.*)\]$', ' '.join(tokens[2:]))
if match:
libraries.append(match.group(1))
else:
raise ValueError('Unparseable (NEEDED) specification')
return libraries
if __name__ == '__main__': if __name__ == '__main__':
cppfilt = CPPFilt() cppfilt = CPPFilt()
retval = 0 retval = 0
@ -113,6 +132,11 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
continue continue
print('%s: export of symbol %s not allowed' % (filename, cppfilt(sym))) print('%s: export of symbol %s not allowed' % (filename, cppfilt(sym)))
retval = 1 retval = 1
# Check dependency libraries
for library_name in read_libraries(filename):
if library_name not in ALLOWED_LIBRARIES:
print('%s: NEEDED library %s is not allowed' % (filename, library_name))
retval = 1
exit(retval) exit(retval)

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#!/usr/bin/python2
'''
Test script for security-check.py
'''
from __future__ import division,print_function
import subprocess
import sys
import unittest
def write_testcode(filename):
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
f.write('''
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy god\\n");
return 0;
}
''')
def call_security_check(cc, source, executable, options):
subprocess.check_call([cc,source,'-o',executable] + options)
p = subprocess.Popen(['./security-check.py',executable], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
(stdout, stderr) = p.communicate()
return (p.returncode, stdout.rstrip())
class TestSecurityChecks(unittest.TestCase):
def test_ELF(self):
source = 'test1.c'
executable = 'test1'
cc = 'gcc'
write_testcode(source)
self.assertEqual(call_security_check(cc, source, executable, ['-Wl,-zexecstack','-fno-stack-protector','-Wl,-znorelro']),
(1, executable+': failed PIE NX RELRO Canary'))
self.assertEqual(call_security_check(cc, source, executable, ['-Wl,-znoexecstack','-fno-stack-protector','-Wl,-znorelro']),
(1, executable+': failed PIE RELRO Canary'))
self.assertEqual(call_security_check(cc, source, executable, ['-Wl,-znoexecstack','-fstack-protector-all','-Wl,-znorelro']),
(1, executable+': failed PIE RELRO'))
self.assertEqual(call_security_check(cc, source, executable, ['-Wl,-znoexecstack','-fstack-protector-all','-Wl,-znorelro','-pie','-fPIE']),
(1, executable+': failed RELRO'))
self.assertEqual(call_security_check(cc, source, executable, ['-Wl,-znoexecstack','-fstack-protector-all','-Wl,-zrelro','-Wl,-z,now','-pie','-fPIE']),
(0, ''))
def test_PE(self):
source = 'test1.c'
executable = 'test1.exe'
cc = 'i686-w64-mingw32-gcc'
write_testcode(source)
self.assertEqual(call_security_check(cc, source, executable, []),
(1, executable+': failed PIE NX'))
self.assertEqual(call_security_check(cc, source, executable, ['-Wl,--nxcompat']),
(1, executable+': failed PIE'))
self.assertEqual(call_security_check(cc, source, executable, ['-Wl,--nxcompat','-Wl,--dynamicbase']),
(0, ''))
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()