partial bitcoin#19953: Implement BIP 340-342 validation

contains:
- 9eb590894f15ff40806039bfd32972fbc260e30d

src/hash.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <crypto/common.h>
 #include <crypto/hmac_sha512.h>
 
+#include <string>
 
 inline uint32_t ROTL32(uint32_t x, int8_t r)
 {
@@ -84,3 +85,12 @@ uint256 SHA256Uint256(const uint256& input)
     CSHA256().Write(input.begin(), 32).Finalize(result.begin());
     return result;
 }
+
+CHashWriter TaggedHash(const std::string& tag)
+{
+    CHashWriter writer(SER_GETHASH, 0);
+    uint256 taghash;
+    CSHA256().Write((const unsigned char*)tag.data(), tag.size()).Finalize(taghash.begin());
+    writer << taghash << taghash;
+    return writer;
+}

src/hash.h

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include <uint256.h>
 #include <version.h>
 
+#include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 typedef uint256 ChainCode;
@@ -241,4 +242,12 @@ unsigned int MurmurHash3(unsigned int nHashSeed, Span<const unsigned char> vData
 
 void BIP32Hash(const ChainCode &chainCode, unsigned int nChild, unsigned char header, const unsigned char data[32], unsigned char output[64]);
 
+/** Return a CHashWriter primed for tagged hashes (as specified in BIP 340).
+ *
+ * The returned object will have SHA256(tag) written to it twice (= 64 bytes).
+ * A tagged hash can be computed by feeding the message into this object, and
+ * then calling CHashWriter::GetSHA256().
+ */
+CHashWriter TaggedHash(const std::string& tag);
+
 #endif // BITCOIN_HASH_H