5d2a3995e [trivial] fixup comment for VerifyWallets() (John Newbery)
43b0e81d0 [wallet] Add StartWallets() function to wallet/init.cpp (John Newbery)
290f3c56d [wallet] Add RegisterWalletRPC() function to wallet/init.cpp (John Newbery)
062d63102 [wallet] Add CloseWallets() function to wallet/init.cpp (John Newbery)
77fe07c15 [wallet] Add StopWallets() function to wallet/init.cpp (John Newbery)
2da5eafa4 [wallet] Add FlushWallets() function to wallet/init.cpp (John Newbery)
1b9cee66e [wallet] Rename WalletVerify() to VerifyWallets() (John Newbery)
9c76ba18c [wallet] Rename InitLoadWallet() to OpenWallets() (John Newbery)
Pull request description:
Apologies for the mostly code move only PR. This is a pre-req for both #10740 and #10762
All wallet component initialization/destruction functions are now in their own `wallet/init.cpp` translation unit and are no longer static functions on the CWallet class. The bitcoin_server also no longer has any knowledge that there are multiple wallets in vpwallet.
There should be no changes in behavior from this PR.
Tree-SHA512: 7c260eb094f2fa1a88d803769ba60935810968a7309f731135e4b17623b97f18c03bbcd293c942093d1efce62c6c978f9ff484d54dc9a60bc2fcb5af2d160fcd
c00199244 Fix potential null dereferences (MeshCollider)
Pull request description:
Picked up by the static analyzer [Facebook Infer](http://fbinfer.com/) which I was playing around with for another research project. Just adding some asserts before dereferencing potentially null pointers.
Tree-SHA512: 9c01dab2d21bce75c7c7ef867236654ab538318a1fb39f96f09cdd2382a05be1a6b2db0a1169a94168864e82ffeae0686a383db6eba799742bdd89c37ac74397
37495e0d8 Reorder C{,Mutable}Transaction for better packing (Jeremy Rubin)
Pull request description:
These commits revise the layout of a few key classes to eliminate padding, eliminating useless memory overhead.
-This reduces CTransaction from 96 bytes to 88 bytes
Tree-SHA512: 91d1fec363edebbb1f1a5b98142c767511e99d3be857148a76e31cc512c9ab3d153083fa6b46b6407974d3b88de984b436c33e8606fbb2b273d74c825195aa17
dabee00ef github-merge: Coalesce git fetches (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
Pull request description:
Fetch the destination branch as well as PR in one go. Saves a few seconds (as well as one ssh authentication, when using a yubikey) when using github-merge.py.
Tree-SHA512: 618fcc07f60b63de3b7818094c5a307933324b76418aa02c509209bb7b540b3da0abe312bbfd0ca843469ed82228b2c43c2361180ba81bee13038aafac4a14b3
47ba2c312 Fix currency/fee-rate unit string in the help text (Akio Nakamura)
Pull request description:
1. The RPC help text should use the constant `CURRENCY_UNIT` defined in `policy/feerate.cpp` instead of the literal `'BTC'`.
In the following 2 RPC commands, `'BTC'` is written directly in the help text.
This commit changes them to use that constant.
1) `estimatesmartfee`
2) `estimaterawfee`
2. Some RPC command use `'satoshis'` as the unit.
It should be written as `'satoshis'` instead of `'Satoshis'` in the RPC help text.
So, this commit fixes this typo in `getblocktemplate`.
Tree-SHA512: d0bd1cd90560e59bf456b076b958a2a1c998f85a7e65aeb6b2abcaba18919a3ae62f7c3909210461084c1a3275a35b6ba3ea3ec8f5cce33702ffe383c9e84bce
Move some static functions out of wallet.h/cpp
This commit just moves a few function declarations and updates callers.
Function bodies are moved in two followup MOVEONLY commits.
This change is desirable because wallet.h/cpp are monolithic and hard to
navigate, so pulling things out and grouping together pieces of related
functionality should improve the organization.
Another proximate motivation is the wallet process separation work in
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/10973, where (at least initially)
parameter parsing and fee estimation are still done in the main process rather
than the wallet process, and having functions that run in different processes
scrambled up throughout wallet.cpp is unnecessarily confusing.
MOVEONLY: Fee functions wallet/wallet.cpp -> wallet/fees.cpp
make it actual move only
Signed-off-by: Pasta <pasta@dashboost.org>
MOVEONLY: Init functions wallet/wallet.cpp -> wallet/init.cpp
make it actual move only
Signed-off-by: Pasta <pasta@dashboost.org>
add keepass include
Signed-off-by: Pasta <pasta@dashboost.org>
64fb0ac Declare single-argument (non-converting) constructors "explicit" (practicalswift)
Pull request description:
Declare single-argument (non-converting) constructors `explicit`.
In order to avoid unintended implicit conversions.
For a more thorough discussion, see ["C.46: By default, declare single-argument constructors explicit"](http://isocpp.github.io/CppCoreGuidelines/CppCoreGuidelines#c46-by-default-declare-single-argument-constructors-explicit) in the C++ Core Guidelines (Stroustrup & Sutter).
Tree-SHA512: e0c6922e56b11fa402621a38656d8b1122d16dd8f160e78626385373cf184ac7f26cb4c1851eca47e9b0dbd5e924e39a85c3cbdcb627a05ee3a655ecf5f7a0f1
Lint checks should not test these, they are historical documents,
and we don't want to encourage silly changes to them to satisfy
a checker.
Hopefully makes travis pass again on master.
Tree-SHA512: 37e6716c4fd5e8a4e579f9b84042e6b0ac224836b6c851cd1ca3f7d46611ffd3003bed0ae08dd0457f69d6eaa485a0d21c631e7ef16b14bdb0f2f78ea700332d
*DASH* doesn't implement this check into travis
1f379b1f0 Add tab char lint check and exclude imported dependencies (MeshCollider)
dd365612f Add a lint check for trailing whitespace. (Evan Klitzke)
Pull request description:
This is a new attempt at #11005
Addressed nits, excluded imported dependencies, squashed the original commits, and added a test for tab characters in the *.cpp *.h *.md *.py *.sh files too as per @practicalswift suggestion
Tree-SHA512: d2dfbedc8469026f39b0c63d9a71d8b8e2ed3815d69fecaabad10304d977d6345728c4c865ec7600ed539b1f7cabaa826b50312f4d2eef0a1583d4ff9024c36d
*DASH* DOES NOT IMPLEMENT RUNNING THIS IN TRAVIS
77aa9e59e test: Check RPC argument mapping (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
Pull request description:
Parse the dispatch tables from the server implementation files, and the conversion table from the client (see #10751).
Perform the following consistency checks:
- Arguments defined in conversion table, must be present in dispatch table. If not, it was probably forgotten to add them to the dispatch table, and they will not work.
- Arguments defined in conversion table must have the same names as in the dispatch table. If not, they will not work.
- All aliases for an argument must either be present in the conversion table, or not. Anything in between means an oversight and some aliases won't work.
Any of these results in an error.
It also performs a consistency check to see if the same named argument is sometimes converted, and sometimes not. E.g. one RPC call might have a 'verbose' argument that is converted,
another RPC call might have one that is not converted. This is not necessarily wrong, but points at a possible error (as well as makes the API harder to memorize) - so it is emitted as a warning (could upgrade this to error).
This test is added to travis and run when `CHECK_DOC`. Currently fails with the following output:
```
* Checking consistency between dispatch tables and vRPCConvertParams
ERROR: createrawtransaction argument 3 (named optintorbf in vRPCConvertParams) is not defined in dispatch table
ERROR: getblock argument ['verbosity', 'verbose'] has conflicts in vRPCConvertParams conversion specifier [True, False]
WARNING: conversion mismatch for argument named verbose ([('getblock', False), ('getblockheader', True), ('getmempoolancestors', True), ('getmempooldescendants', True), ('getrawmempool', True), ('getrawtransaction', True)])
```
- ~#10698 fixes the first ERROR~
- #10747 fixes the second ERROR, as well as the WARNING
Update: #10698 was merged, leaving:
```
* Checking consistency between dispatch tables and vRPCConvertParams
ERROR: getblock argument ['verbosity', 'verbose'] has conflicts in vRPCConvertParams conversion specifier [True, False]
WARNING: conversion mismatch for argument named verbose ([('getblock', False), ('getblockheader', True), ('getmempoolancestors', True), ('getmempooldescendants', True), ('getrawmempool', True), ('getrawtransaction', True)])
```
Tree-SHA512: feabebfbeda5d4613b2b9d5265aa6bde4e1a0235297ffd48fa415ad7edc531d9ed7913fe76d191ac60d481a915a326f216bc93de3c671e45e1d14e97d07dea7a
0063d2c3d [tests] Make p2p-leaktests.py more robust (John Newbery)
Pull request description:
There has been an example of p2p-leaktests.py failing on travis in the new service bits test (introduced in #11001 . It appeared to me that the previous p2p connections had not been fully disconnected before attempting to add new p2p connections.
I've added a sleep and restarted the NetworkThread, but I don't know whether this will fix the problem, since I'm unable to reproduce the failure locally.
@MarcoFalke - not sure what you want to do here? I don't think this change could make things any worse.
Tree-SHA512: f5427c26267185a903c9b75bb3925bf153b8afce70c8e493bf8f585f57d809d20643b4ee69081300b211d22e960242aecc3d719f4ddd230aa08fdc5484b55055
f151f5f50 [macOS] remove Growl support, remove unused code (Jonas Schnelli)
Pull request description:
There is no longer a reason to support Growl.
A) It went to pay-ware since a couple of years
B) Since OSX 10.8, the operating system has its own modal notification options (Notification Center).
This PR removes support for Growl.
OSX notification centre is still supported after this PR.
Tree-SHA512: eee18098d7354c4e98f927bca9963d4843ff6bceee74795f73a66c27eed33efaac00ec2cabde8807efcbc936b16ab712249006fa13f5a3f55e4d44d163f5f9a0
f38c05104 [depends] Don't build libevent sample code (fanquake)
Pull request description:
Noticed today while doing Windows depends builds.
Before and after libevent build on OS X.
```
Building libevent...
GEN include/event2/event-config.h
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make all-am
CC buffer.lo
CC bufferevent.lo
CC bufferevent_filter.lo
CC bufferevent_ratelim.lo
CC bufferevent_sock.lo
CC bufferevent_pair.lo
CC event.lo
CC evmap.lo
CC evthread.lo
CC evutil.lo
CC evutil_rand.lo
CC evutil_time.lo
CC listener.lo
CC log.lo
CC select.lo
CC poll.lo
CC kqueue.lo
CC signal.lo
CC evdns.lo
CC event_tagging.lo
CC evrpc.lo
CC http.lo
CC evthread_pthread.lo
CC sample/dns-example.o
CC sample/event-read-fifo.o
CC sample/hello-world.o
CC sample/http-server.o
CC sample/http-connect.o
CC sample/signal-test.o
CC sample/time-test.o
CCLD libevent_core.la
CCLD libevent_pthreads.la
CCLD libevent.la
CCLD libevent_extra.la
CCLD sample/event-read-fifo
CCLD sample/dns-example
CCLD sample/hello-world
CCLD sample/http-server
CCLD sample/http-connect
CCLD sample/signal-test
CCLD sample/time-test
Staging libevent...
```
```
Building libevent...
GEN include/event2/event-config.h
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make all-am
CC buffer.lo
CC bufferevent.lo
CC bufferevent_filter.lo
CC bufferevent_pair.lo
CC bufferevent_ratelim.lo
CC bufferevent_sock.lo
CC event.lo
CC evmap.lo
CC evthread.lo
CC evutil.lo
CC evutil_rand.lo
CC evutil_time.lo
CC listener.lo
CC log.lo
CC select.lo
CC poll.lo
CC kqueue.lo
CC signal.lo
CC evdns.lo
CC event_tagging.lo
CC evrpc.lo
CC http.lo
CC evthread_pthread.lo
CCLD libevent_core.la
CCLD libevent_pthreads.la
CCLD libevent.la
CCLD libevent_extra.la
Staging libevent...
```
Tree-SHA512: a82bde38e110a16f934c0f1e95d3ae66662c1b3c1367e4a6e7c4994f585ebeea4f5cbee4d98a8dc64a8e8936eb9f4bb0c55fb65e718f724d88e81cb8fa84be88
592404f03 Changing &vec[0] to vec.data(), what 9804 missed (MeshCollider)
Pull request description:
This just continues the work of https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/9804
Modifies a lot of `&vector[]`'s to `vector.data()`'s across all the files including tests, just the stuff that 9804 missed
Tree-SHA512: dd1a9dffb999dea4fba78dcc91fe02f90250db86f5c74948e1ff3e8b4036b2154b600555eaa04dece5368920aae3513bc36425dc96e4319ca1041b0928a6b656
fe09b0197 add missing lock to crypter GetKeys() (Marko Bencun)
5cb3da04b keystore GetKeys(): return result instead of writing to reference (Marko Bencun)
Pull request description:
Issue: #10905
First commit makes GetKeys() return the result instead of writing to a reference to remove some useless lines.
Tree-SHA512: bb51255b5a6cf5488c3d5dee89f539d41f0717f018441d120047f877e0a705a133fb3b7a97d1cf8f73b5d2ed93dd2dbdfcd6f394e40105af2a12e01d397cb402
061297f0a Ensure that data types are consistent (jjz)
Pull request description:
1. nStatus of CBlockIndex is consistent with the definition of Enum(BlockStatus)
2. The BlockHeader is consistent with the type of variable defined in CBlockHeader
Tree-SHA512: 3d4a55c62d3e17b9c83807eae153db4fcfcd8477c9413a45dedfa157563e77b775a66974648d28c9d44ac45a5705eef83b31a8a3b44316dc9814b85526a9d034
1d8df0141 Fix MD formatting in REST-interface.md and spelling mistake in test_runner.py (MeshCollider)
41f3e84aa Fix inconsistencies and grammar in various files (MeshCollider)
Pull request description:
Just a simple fix of some inconsistent capitalization, formatting and grammar in a few files (no code changes)
Tree-SHA512: 60b12a5a5c69a1af4a25b7db0b32ed806ed62ad2966cee08b3792a7cfa7f51848fd485349b4c09e60a7eedfdf55ee730c51daa066d6e226ae404c93342bf3e13
Without RPM stuff
* Don't load caches when blocks/chainstate was not present
* Delete old cache files when we decided to not load them
* Make sure cache files are of the exact format we expected them to be, flush empty objects into them instead of deleting files naively
* Streamline logic a bit, rename fIgnoreCacheFiles to fLoadCacheFiles
Co-authored-by: UdjinM6 <UdjinM6@users.noreply.github.com>
* Implement assign_to in prevector
* Implement optimized fill() methods for trivially constructible types in prevector
No need to invoke the "new" operator on every element when the elements
are trivially constructible (e.g. unsigned char)
* Benchmark prevector<...>::const_iterator vs vector.assign()
* Manually invoke ::memmove instead of relying on the stl
Some compilers do not automatically switch to memmove internally, so lets
do this manually.
* Use prevector::assign_to in benchmark
* Rename prevector benchmarks
* Use larger copy ranges in benchmarks
Co-authored-by: UdjinM6 <UdjinM6@users.noreply.github.com>
fa43626611 test_runner: Remove travis specific code (MarcoFalke)
Pull request description:
The tests are no longer run on travis, but in a docker, developer machines or a windows vm.
The code was essentially dead for months now. Fix that by explicitly passing in `--ci` to the test runner on our docker and appveyor windows vm.
Tree-SHA512: 5d48693c03e8eb27536658ccf9ba738fe93a72abd4b72c80caac084b5b2cdffa77a1031a671eeefe70b71d63500f55917803d4be54d01849722afdccb700a9e6
58f9a0a Use --failfast when running functional tests on Travis (James O'Beirne)
bf720c1 Add --failfast option to functional test runner (James O'Beirne)
Pull request description:
Add the option (`--failfast`) to stop the functional test runner's execution when it encounters the first failure.
Also cleans up run_test's arguments list ([no more mutable default for `args`](http://docs.python-guide.org/en/latest/writing/gotchas/#mutable-default-arguments)) and call site.
Tree-SHA512: e854b1b1634bf613ae8ae88e715df1460982fa68db9d785aafeb5eccf5bf324c7f20dded2ca6840ebf18a28347ecac2138d6c7592507b34939b02609ef55e1b3
* Rename LLMQ_5_60 to LLMQ_TEST
* Introduce -llmqtestparams which allows to modify LLMQ_TEST on regtest
Also add support in DashTestFramework
* Use parameters size=3, threshold=2 as default for LLMQ_TEST
And fall back to the old parameters where necessary
* Wait for all contributions, even when one member is lying
Otherwise we might end up continuing too fast, which would fail the DKG.
* Update src/chainparams.cpp
Co-Authored-By: UdjinM6 <UdjinM6@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: UdjinM6 <UdjinM6@users.noreply.github.com>
This speeds up mempool synchronization a lot due to trickling being forced.
This will later conflict with bitcoin#16493 and bitcoin#16535, but this can
easily be resolved (it does the same).
Otherwise we end up having the same list instance for every entry in
extra_args, which means modifying index 0 also affects all other indexes.
Noticed this while looking at "ps aux | grep dashd" output. It turned out
that parameters like "-dip3params" were passed multiple times to each node.
* Avoid unnecessary connections in dip3-deterministicmns.py
This saves ~15 seconds
* Generate more blocks per generate() call
* Use -vbparams to activate dip8 faster in tests
Avoids generating/syncing many unnecessary blocks
ee4d1493e Drop upgrade-cancel callback registration for a generic "resumeable" (Matt Corallo)
Pull request description:
Instead of passing a StartShutdown reference all the way up from
txdb, give ShowProgress a "cancelable" boolean, as StartShutdown
is pretty much always what you'll want to use to cancel. Use the
same boolean to allow cancel during initial block verification.
Tree-SHA512: 515817aaa4b9e3e856200e00be9c2d44ecfa2d4f288fe3e02116105fe85de2650c13076ee7e45396ec1ce6ab45e53b0477cddda7cfdee5b3bd0589cb81a4c346
352d582ba Add vConnect to CConnman::Options (Marko Bencun)
Pull request description:
Split the "-connect" argument parsing out of CConnman and put it into
AppInitMain().
Tree-SHA512: f2d3efc4e2c5808ff98696ea20dd96df599bc472ed5afc9c3eea305d94c36a6ab50c632aa05396c7c34d1917d91b1e7ccd725656ff2631e2a36d9eac477455dc
a473eff [bench] Replace 0.00(000)1 with MICRO/MILLI #defines in validation.cpp. (Karl-Johan Alm)
5f850b0 [bench] Include ms/blk stats in Connect* benchmarks. (Karl-Johan Alm)
Pull request description:
Display the average per block runtime for the various benchmarked times in the block connect functions to give an overview of long(er) term time distribution statistics.
Tree-SHA512: 3d6f24f6b9e3dbb448a647e2cda8e7b90ad6a16d4821f49f426a8e1ebc3ce5a0cf0a8cde82213e293affba441615702dfe50822c8c818e282af03bfe383d83e0
More of 10303
b82c55a Add attribute [[noreturn]] (C++11) to functions that will not return (practicalswift)
Pull request description:
Add attribute `[[noreturn]]` (C++11) to functions that will not return.
Rationale:
* Reduce the number of false positives/false negatives from static analyzers with regards to things such as unused or unreachable code
* Potentially enable additional compiler optimizations
Tree-SHA512: 899683fe8b2fcf19bd334352271d368b46b805be9d426aac1808335fd95732d6d7078d3296951b9879196f3f6e3ec0fdb7695d0afdc3fbe4dd78a2ca70e91ff7
Signed-off-by: Pasta <pasta@dashboost.org>
Fixes for bitcoin#10843 backport
10843 continued
Signed-off-by: Pasta <pasta@dashboost.org>
8f2f1e0 wallet: Avoid second mapWallet lookup (João Barbosa)
Pull request description:
All calls to `mapWallet.count()` have the intent to detect if a `txid` exists and most are followed by a second lookup to retrieve the `CWalletTx`.
This PR replaces all `mapWallet.count()` calls with `mapWallet.find()` to avoid the second lookup.
Tree-SHA512: 96b7de7f5520ebf789a1aec1949a4e9c74e13683869cee012f717e5be8e51097d068e2347a36e89097c9a89f1ed1a1529db71760dac9b572e36a3e9ac1155f29
More of 11039
9b348ff9e Fix memory leaks in qt/guiutil.cpp (Dan Raviv)
Pull request description:
on macOS:
`listSnapshot` was leaking in `findStartupItemInList()`
`bitcoinAppUrl` was leaking in `[Get|Set]StartOnSystemStartup()`
Tree-SHA512: dd49e1166336cf4f20035d21930f2f99f21f1d9f91a1101b1434a23dd0b92d402ac7efb177473c758d8af1dbab8d8750485583231c5b5854203d2493f0b43e73
d2be7b25b Typo in optionsdialog.ui Tooltip displayed ampersand incorrectly, & should be in text. (James Evans)
Pull request description:
Tooltip displayed ampersand incorrectly, & should be in text property rather than tooltip so that access key is correctly displayed for accessibility.
Tree-SHA512: 331848207317d37d4d9db40119d0b7ae9a276d06cd1b057cd0e87d508e1aa769b785246ca30ca9156db632798ec9f68ba8bf78cf42904267b4187bd27cfced35
78214588d Use for-loop instead of list comprehension (practicalswift)
823979436 Use the variable name _ for unused return values (practicalswift)
2e6080bbf Remove unused variables and/or function calls (practicalswift)
9b94054b7 Avoid reference to undefined name: stderr does not exist, sys.stderr does (practicalswift)
51cb6b822 Use print(...) instead of undefined printf(...) (practicalswift)
25cd520fc Use sys.exit(...) instead of exit(...): exit(...) should not be used in programs (practicalswift)
Pull request description:
Python cleanups:
* Avoid reference to undefined name: `stderr` does not exist, `sys.stderr` does
* Use `print(...)` instead of undefined `printf(...)`
* Avoid redefinition of variable (`tx`) in list comprehension
* Remove unused variables and/or function calls
* Use `sys.exit(...)` instead of `exit(...)`: [`exit(...)` should not be used in programs](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/10753#discussion_r125935027)
Tree-SHA512: 1238dfbc1d20f7edadea5e5406a589f293065638f6234809f0d5b6ba746dffe3d276bc5884c7af388a6c798c61a8759faaccf57f381225644754c0f61914eb4b
40a0f9f Enable devirtualization opportunities by using the final specifier (C++11) (practicalswift)
9a1675e optim: mark a few classes final (Cory Fields)
Pull request description:
Using gcc's ```-Wsuggest-final-types``` and lto, I identified a few easy devirtualization wins:
> wallet/wallet.h:651:7: warning: Declaring type 'struct CWallet' final would enable devirtualization of 26 calls [-Wsuggest-final-types]
>coins.h:201:7: warning: Declaring type 'struct CCoinsViewCache' final would enable devirtualization of 13 calls [-Wsuggest-final-types]
>txdb.h:67:7: warning: Declaring type 'struct CCoinsViewDB' final would enable devirtualization of 5 calls [-Wsuggest-final-types]
>zmq/zmqnotificationinterface.h:16:7: warning: Declaring type 'struct CZMQNotificationInterface' final would enable devirtualization of 4 calls [-Wsuggest-final-types]
>httpserver.cpp:42:7: warning: Declaring type 'struct HTTPWorkItem' final would enable devirtualization of 2 calls [-Wsuggest-final-types]
Tree-SHA512: 2a825fd27121ccabaacff5cde2fc8a50d1b4cc846374606caa2a71b0cd8fcb0d3c9b5b3fd342d944998610e2168048601278f8a3709cc515191a0bb2d98ba782
a622a1768 Fix constness of ArgsManager methods (João Barbosa)
Pull request description:
Make `cs_args` mutex mutable so that const methods can acquire it.
There's also tiny performance improvement by avoiding two map lookups when retrieving an argument value.
Tree-SHA512: ece58469745f2743b4b643242b51889a3d9c5b76492ed70bb74d4e5b378fff59da79fc129e499da779bf9f488c9435dda17ad1f3a804c1c30f56af422389e8bd
36d326e8b Use nullptr instead of zero (0) as the null pointer constant (practicalswift)
Pull request description:
Use `nullptr` instead of zero (0) as the null pointer constant.
The road towards `nullptr` (C++11) is split into two PRs:
* `NULL` → `nullptr` is handled in PR #10483 (scripted)
* `0` → `nullptr` is handled in PR #10645 (manual, this PR)
By using the C++11 keyword `nullptr` we are guaranteed a prvalue of type `std::nullptr_t`.
For a more thorough discussion, see "A name for the null pointer: nullptr" (Sutter &
Stroustrup), http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2431.pdf
Tree-SHA512: 5412404b40a94ea2d9fc8f81573559c4ffe559749301d486b09d41a7a736345ad602d08ac590930bb00a49692b6075520cf3d543e4da6ccd5b29fa9bcc3f15ea
