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6947dfbda6
ca185cf5a14b16d61814d7172284bc8efcd28b69 doc: Document differences in bitcoind and bitcoin-qt locale handling (practicalswift)
Pull request description:
Document differences in `bitcoind` and `bitcoin-qt` locale handling.
Since this seems to be the root cause to the locale dependency issues we've seen over the years I thought it was worth documenting :)
Note that 1.) `QLocale` (used by Qt), 2.) C locale (used by locale-sensitive C standard library functions/POSIX functions and some parts of the C++ standard library such as `std::to_string`) and 3.) C++ locale (used by the C++ input/output library) are three separate things. This comment is about the perhaps surprising interference with the C locale (2) that takes place as part of the Qt initialization.
ACKs for top commit:
hebasto:
re-ACK ca185cf5a14b16d61814d7172284bc8efcd28b69
Tree-SHA512: e51c32f3072c506b0029a001d8b108125e1acb4f2b6a48a6be721ddadda9da0ae77a9b39ff33f9d9eebabe2244c1db09e8502e3e7012d7a5d40d98e96da0dc44
251 lines
7.4 KiB
Bash
Executable File
251 lines
7.4 KiB
Bash
Executable File
#!/usr/bin/env bash
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# Copyright (c) 2018-2019 The Bitcoin Core developers
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# Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
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# file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
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export LC_ALL=C
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# TODO: Reduce KNOWN_VIOLATIONS by replacing uses of locale dependent stoul/strtol with locale
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# independent ToIntegral<T>(...).
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# TODO: Reduce KNOWN_VIOLATIONS by replacing uses of locale dependent snprintf with strprintf.
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# Be aware that bitcoind and bitcoin-qt differ in terms of localization: Qt
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# opts in to POSIX localization by running setlocale(LC_ALL, "") on startup,
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# whereas no such call is made in bitcoind.
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#
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# Qt runs setlocale(LC_ALL, "") on initialization. This installs the locale
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# specified by the user's LC_ALL (or LC_*) environment variable as the new
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# C locale.
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#
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# In contrast, bitcoind does not opt in to localization -- no call to
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# setlocale(LC_ALL, "") is made and the environment variables LC_* are
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# thus ignored.
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#
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# This results in situations where bitcoind is guaranteed to be running
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# with the classic locale ("C") whereas the locale of bitcoin-qt will vary
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# depending on the user's environment variables.
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#
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# An example: Assuming the environment variable LC_ALL=de_DE then the
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# call std::to_string(1.23) will return "1.230000" in bitcoind but
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# "1,230000" in bitcoin-qt.
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#
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# From the Qt documentation:
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# "On Unix/Linux Qt is configured to use the system locale settings by default.
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# This can cause a conflict when using POSIX functions, for instance, when
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# converting between data types such as floats and strings, since the notation
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# may differ between locales. To get around this problem, call the POSIX function
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# setlocale(LC_NUMERIC,"C") right after initializing QApplication, QGuiApplication
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# or QCoreApplication to reset the locale that is used for number formatting to
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# "C"-locale."
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#
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# See https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qcoreapplication.html#locale-settings and
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# https://stackoverflow.com/a/34878283 for more details.
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KNOWN_VIOLATIONS=(
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"src/bitcoin-tx.cpp.*stoul"
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"src/dbwrapper.cpp.*stoul"
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"src/dbwrapper.cpp:.*vsnprintf"
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"src/rest.cpp:.*strtol"
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"src/statsd_client.cpp:.*snprintf"
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"src/test/dbwrapper_tests.cpp:.*snprintf"
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"src/test/fuzz/locale.cpp"
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"src/test/fuzz/string.cpp"
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"src/torcontrol.cpp:.*strtol"
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"src/util/strencodings.cpp:.*strtoll"
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"src/util/system.cpp:.*fprintf"
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)
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REGEXP_IGNORE_EXTERNAL_DEPENDENCIES="^src/(dashbls/|immer/|crypto/ctaes/|leveldb/|secp256k1/|tinyformat.h|univalue/)"
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LOCALE_DEPENDENT_FUNCTIONS=(
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alphasort # LC_COLLATE (via strcoll)
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asctime # LC_TIME (directly)
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asprintf # (via vasprintf)
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atof # LC_NUMERIC (via strtod)
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atoi # LC_NUMERIC (via strtol)
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atol # LC_NUMERIC (via strtol)
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atoll # (via strtoll)
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atoq
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btowc # LC_CTYPE (directly)
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ctime # (via asctime or localtime)
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dprintf # (via vdprintf)
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fgetwc
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fgetws
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fold_case # boost::locale::fold_case
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fprintf # (via vfprintf)
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fputwc
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fputws
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fscanf # (via __vfscanf)
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fwprintf # (via __vfwprintf)
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getdate # via __getdate_r => isspace // __localtime_r
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getwc
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getwchar
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is_digit # boost::algorithm::is_digit
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is_space # boost::algorithm::is_space
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isalnum # LC_CTYPE
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isalpha # LC_CTYPE
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isblank # LC_CTYPE
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iscntrl # LC_CTYPE
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isctype # LC_CTYPE
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isdigit # LC_CTYPE
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isgraph # LC_CTYPE
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islower # LC_CTYPE
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isprint # LC_CTYPE
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ispunct # LC_CTYPE
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isspace # LC_CTYPE
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isupper # LC_CTYPE
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iswalnum # LC_CTYPE
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iswalpha # LC_CTYPE
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iswblank # LC_CTYPE
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iswcntrl # LC_CTYPE
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iswctype # LC_CTYPE
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iswdigit # LC_CTYPE
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iswgraph # LC_CTYPE
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iswlower # LC_CTYPE
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iswprint # LC_CTYPE
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iswpunct # LC_CTYPE
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iswspace # LC_CTYPE
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iswupper # LC_CTYPE
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iswxdigit # LC_CTYPE
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isxdigit # LC_CTYPE
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localeconv # LC_NUMERIC + LC_MONETARY
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mblen # LC_CTYPE
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mbrlen
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mbrtowc
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mbsinit
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mbsnrtowcs
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mbsrtowcs
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mbstowcs # LC_CTYPE
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mbtowc # LC_CTYPE
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mktime
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normalize # boost::locale::normalize
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printf # LC_NUMERIC
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putwc
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putwchar
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scanf # LC_NUMERIC
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setlocale
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snprintf
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sprintf
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sscanf
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std::locale::global
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std::to_string
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stod
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stof
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stoi
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stol
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stold
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stoll
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stoul
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stoull
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strcasecmp
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strcasestr
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strcoll # LC_COLLATE
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# strerror
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strfmon
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strftime # LC_TIME
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strncasecmp
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strptime
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strtod # LC_NUMERIC
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strtof
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strtoimax
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strtol # LC_NUMERIC
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strtold
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strtoll
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strtoq
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strtoul # LC_NUMERIC
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strtoull
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strtoumax
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strtouq
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strxfrm # LC_COLLATE
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swprintf
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to_lower # boost::locale::to_lower
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to_title # boost::locale::to_title
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to_upper # boost::locale::to_upper
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tolower # LC_CTYPE
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toupper # LC_CTYPE
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towctrans
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towlower # LC_CTYPE
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towupper # LC_CTYPE
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trim # boost::algorithm::trim
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trim_left # boost::algorithm::trim_left
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trim_right # boost::algorithm::trim_right
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ungetwc
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vasprintf
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vdprintf
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versionsort
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vfprintf
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vfscanf
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vfwprintf
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vprintf
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vscanf
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vsnprintf
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vsprintf
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vsscanf
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vswprintf
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vwprintf
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wcrtomb
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wcscasecmp
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wcscoll # LC_COLLATE
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wcsftime # LC_TIME
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wcsncasecmp
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wcsnrtombs
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wcsrtombs
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wcstod # LC_NUMERIC
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wcstof
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wcstoimax
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wcstol # LC_NUMERIC
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wcstold
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wcstoll
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wcstombs # LC_CTYPE
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wcstoul # LC_NUMERIC
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wcstoull
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wcstoumax
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wcswidth
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wcsxfrm # LC_COLLATE
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wctob
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wctomb # LC_CTYPE
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wctrans
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wctype
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wcwidth
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wprintf
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)
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function join_array {
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local IFS="$1"
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shift
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echo "$*"
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}
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REGEXP_IGNORE_KNOWN_VIOLATIONS=$(join_array "|" "${KNOWN_VIOLATIONS[@]}")
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# Invoke "git grep" only once in order to minimize run-time
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REGEXP_LOCALE_DEPENDENT_FUNCTIONS=$(join_array "|" "${LOCALE_DEPENDENT_FUNCTIONS[@]}")
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GIT_GREP_OUTPUT=$(git grep -E "[^a-zA-Z0-9_\`'\"<>](${REGEXP_LOCALE_DEPENDENT_FUNCTIONS}(_r|_s)?)[^a-zA-Z0-9_\`'\"<>]" -- "*.cpp" "*.h")
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EXIT_CODE=0
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for LOCALE_DEPENDENT_FUNCTION in "${LOCALE_DEPENDENT_FUNCTIONS[@]}"; do
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MATCHES=$(grep -E "[^a-zA-Z0-9_\`'\"<>]${LOCALE_DEPENDENT_FUNCTION}(_r|_s)?[^a-zA-Z0-9_\`'\"<>]" <<< "${GIT_GREP_OUTPUT}" | \
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grep -vE "\.(c|cpp|h):\s*(//|\*|/\*|\").*${LOCALE_DEPENDENT_FUNCTION}")
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if [[ ${REGEXP_IGNORE_EXTERNAL_DEPENDENCIES} != "" ]]; then
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MATCHES=$(grep -vE "${REGEXP_IGNORE_EXTERNAL_DEPENDENCIES}" <<< "${MATCHES}")
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fi
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if [[ ${REGEXP_IGNORE_KNOWN_VIOLATIONS} != "" ]]; then
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MATCHES=$(grep -vE "${REGEXP_IGNORE_KNOWN_VIOLATIONS}" <<< "${MATCHES}")
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fi
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if [[ ${MATCHES} != "" ]]; then
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echo "The locale dependent function ${LOCALE_DEPENDENT_FUNCTION}(...) appears to be used:"
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echo "${MATCHES}"
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echo
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EXIT_CODE=1
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fi
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done
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if [[ ${EXIT_CODE} != 0 ]]; then
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echo "Unnecessary locale dependence can cause bugs that are very"
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echo "tricky to isolate and fix. Please avoid using locale dependent"
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echo "functions if possible."
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echo
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echo "Advice not applicable in this specific case? Add an exception"
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echo "by updating the ignore list in $0"
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fi
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exit ${EXIT_CODE}
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