dash/src/psbt.h

// Copyright (c) 2009-2020 The Bitcoin Core developers
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

#ifndef BITCOIN_PSBT_H
#define BITCOIN_PSBT_H

#include <attributes.h>
#include <node/transaction.h>
#include <policy/feerate.h>
#include <primitives/transaction.h>
#include <pubkey.h>
#include <script/sign.h>
#include <script/signingprovider.h>

#include <optional>

// Magic bytes
static constexpr uint8_t PSBT_MAGIC_BYTES[5] = {'p', 's', 'b', 't', 0xff};

// Global types
static constexpr uint8_t PSBT_GLOBAL_UNSIGNED_TX = 0x00;

// Input types
static constexpr uint8_t PSBT_IN_NON_WITNESS_UTXO = 0x00;
static constexpr uint8_t PSBT_IN_PARTIAL_SIG = 0x02;
static constexpr uint8_t PSBT_IN_SIGHASH = 0x03;
static constexpr uint8_t PSBT_IN_REDEEMSCRIPT = 0x04;
static constexpr uint8_t PSBT_IN_BIP32_DERIVATION = 0x06;
static constexpr uint8_t PSBT_IN_SCRIPTSIG = 0x07;

// Output types
static constexpr uint8_t PSBT_OUT_REDEEMSCRIPT = 0x00;
static constexpr uint8_t PSBT_OUT_BIP32_DERIVATION = 0x02;

// The separator is 0x00. Reading this in means that the unserializer can interpret it
// as a 0 length key which indicates that this is the separator. The separator has no value.
static constexpr uint8_t PSBT_SEPARATOR = 0x00;

// BIP 174 does not specify a maximum file size, but we set a limit anyway
// to prevent reading a stream indefinately and running out of memory.
const std::streamsize MAX_FILE_SIZE_PSBT = 100000000; // 100 MiB

/** A structure for PSBTs which contain per-input information */
struct PSBTInput
{
    CTransactionRef non_witness_utxo;
    CScript redeem_script;
    CScript final_script_sig;
    std::map<CPubKey, KeyOriginInfo> hd_keypaths;
    std::map<CKeyID, SigPair> partial_sigs;
    std::map<std::vector<unsigned char>, std::vector<unsigned char>> unknown;
    int sighash_type = 0;

    bool IsNull() const;
    void FillSignatureData(SignatureData& sigdata) const;
    void FromSignatureData(const SignatureData& sigdata);
    void Merge(const PSBTInput& input);
    bool IsSane() const;
    PSBTInput() {}

    template <typename Stream>
    inline void Serialize(Stream& s) const {
        // Write the utxo
        if (non_witness_utxo) {
            SerializeToVector(s, PSBT_IN_NON_WITNESS_UTXO);
            SerializeToVector(s, non_witness_utxo);
        }

        if (final_script_sig.empty()) {
            // Write any partial signatures
            for (auto sig_pair : partial_sigs) {
                SerializeToVector(s, PSBT_IN_PARTIAL_SIG, Span{sig_pair.second.first});
                s << sig_pair.second.second;
            }

            // Write the sighash type
            if (sighash_type > 0) {
                SerializeToVector(s, PSBT_IN_SIGHASH);
                SerializeToVector(s, sighash_type);
            }

            // Write the redeem script
            if (!redeem_script.empty()) {
                SerializeToVector(s, PSBT_IN_REDEEMSCRIPT);
                s << redeem_script;
            }

            // Write any hd keypaths
            SerializeHDKeypaths(s, hd_keypaths, PSBT_IN_BIP32_DERIVATION);
        }

        // Write script sig
        if (!final_script_sig.empty()) {
            SerializeToVector(s, PSBT_IN_SCRIPTSIG);
            s << final_script_sig;
        }

        // Write unknown things
        for (auto& entry : unknown) {
            s << entry.first;
            s << entry.second;
        }

        s << PSBT_SEPARATOR;
    }


    template <typename Stream>
    inline void Unserialize(Stream& s) {
        // Used for duplicate key detection
        std::set<std::vector<unsigned char>> key_lookup;

        // Read loop
        bool found_sep = false;
        while(!s.empty()) {
            // Read
            std::vector<unsigned char> key;
            s >> key;

            // the key is empty if that was actually a separator byte
            // This is a special case for key lengths 0 as those are not allowed (except for separator)
            if (key.empty()) {
                found_sep = true;
                break;
            }

            // First byte of key is the type
            unsigned char type = key[0];

            // Do stuff based on type
            switch(type) {
                case PSBT_IN_NON_WITNESS_UTXO:
                    if (!key_lookup.emplace(key).second) {
                        throw std::ios_base::failure("Duplicate Key, input non-witness utxo already provided");
                    } else if (key.size() != 1) {
                        throw std::ios_base::failure("Non-witness utxo key is more than one byte type");
                    }
                    UnserializeFromVector(s, non_witness_utxo);
                    break;
                case PSBT_IN_PARTIAL_SIG:
                {
                    // Make sure that the key is the size of pubkey + 1
                    if (key.size() != CPubKey::SIZE + 1 && key.size() != CPubKey::COMPRESSED_SIZE + 1) {
                        throw std::ios_base::failure("Size of key was not the expected size for the type partial signature pubkey");
                    }
                    // Read in the pubkey from key
                    CPubKey pubkey(key.begin() + 1, key.end());
                    if (!pubkey.IsFullyValid()) {
                       throw std::ios_base::failure("Invalid pubkey");
                    }
                    if (partial_sigs.count(pubkey.GetID()) > 0) {
                        throw std::ios_base::failure("Duplicate Key, input partial signature for pubkey already provided");
                    }

                    // Read in the signature from value
                    std::vector<unsigned char> sig;
                    s >> sig;

                    // Add to list
                    partial_sigs.emplace(pubkey.GetID(), SigPair(pubkey, std::move(sig)));
                    break;
                }
                case PSBT_IN_SIGHASH:
                    if (!key_lookup.emplace(key).second) {
                        throw std::ios_base::failure("Duplicate Key, input sighash type already provided");
                    } else if (key.size() != 1) {
                        throw std::ios_base::failure("Sighash type key is more than one byte type");
                    }
                    UnserializeFromVector(s, sighash_type);
                    break;
                case PSBT_IN_REDEEMSCRIPT:
                {
                    if (!key_lookup.emplace(key).second) {
                        throw std::ios_base::failure("Duplicate Key, input redeemScript already provided");
                    } else if (key.size() != 1) {
                        throw std::ios_base::failure("Input redeemScript key is more than one byte type");
                    }
                    s >> redeem_script;
                    break;
                }
                case PSBT_IN_BIP32_DERIVATION:
                {
                    DeserializeHDKeypaths(s, key, hd_keypaths);
                    break;
                }
                case PSBT_IN_SCRIPTSIG:
                {
                    if (!key_lookup.emplace(key).second) {
                        throw std::ios_base::failure("Duplicate Key, input final scriptSig already provided");
                    } else if (key.size() != 1) {
                        throw std::ios_base::failure("Final scriptSig key is more than one byte type");
                    }
                    s >> final_script_sig;
                    break;
                }
                // Unknown stuff
                default:
                    if (unknown.count(key) > 0) {
                        throw std::ios_base::failure("Duplicate Key, key for unknown value already provided");
                    }
                    // Read in the value
                    std::vector<unsigned char> val_bytes;
                    s >> val_bytes;
                    unknown.emplace(std::move(key), std::move(val_bytes));
                    break;
            }
        }

        if (!found_sep) {
            throw std::ios_base::failure("Separator is missing at the end of an input map");
        }
    }

    template <typename Stream>
    PSBTInput(deserialize_type, Stream& s) {
        Unserialize(s);
    }
};

/** A structure for PSBTs which contains per output information */
struct PSBTOutput
{
    CScript redeem_script;
    std::map<CPubKey, KeyOriginInfo> hd_keypaths;
    std::map<std::vector<unsigned char>, std::vector<unsigned char>> unknown;

    bool IsNull() const;
    void FillSignatureData(SignatureData& sigdata) const;
    void FromSignatureData(const SignatureData& sigdata);
    void Merge(const PSBTOutput& output);
    bool IsSane() const;
    PSBTOutput() {}

    template <typename Stream>
    inline void Serialize(Stream& s) const {
        // Write the redeem script
        if (!redeem_script.empty()) {
            SerializeToVector(s, PSBT_OUT_REDEEMSCRIPT);
            s << redeem_script;
        }

        // Write any hd keypaths
        SerializeHDKeypaths(s, hd_keypaths, PSBT_OUT_BIP32_DERIVATION);

        // Write unknown things
        for (auto& entry : unknown) {
            s << entry.first;
            s << entry.second;
        }

        s << PSBT_SEPARATOR;
    }


    template <typename Stream>
    inline void Unserialize(Stream& s) {
        // Used for duplicate key detection
        std::set<std::vector<unsigned char>> key_lookup;

        // Read loop
        bool found_sep = false;
        while(!s.empty()) {
            // Read
            std::vector<unsigned char> key;
            s >> key;

            // the key is empty if that was actually a separator byte
            // This is a special case for key lengths 0 as those are not allowed (except for separator)
            if (key.empty()) {
                found_sep = true;
                break;
            }

            // First byte of key is the type
            unsigned char type = key[0];

            // Do stuff based on type
            switch(type) {
                case PSBT_OUT_REDEEMSCRIPT:
                {
                    if (!key_lookup.emplace(key).second) {
                        throw std::ios_base::failure("Duplicate Key, output redeemScript already provided");
                    } else if (key.size() != 1) {
                        throw std::ios_base::failure("Output redeemScript key is more than one byte type");
                    }
                    s >> redeem_script;
                    break;
                }
                case PSBT_OUT_BIP32_DERIVATION:
                {
                    DeserializeHDKeypaths(s, key, hd_keypaths);
                    break;
                }
                // Unknown stuff
                default: {
                    if (unknown.count(key) > 0) {
                        throw std::ios_base::failure("Duplicate Key, key for unknown value already provided");
                    }
                    // Read in the value
                    std::vector<unsigned char> val_bytes;
                    s >> val_bytes;
                    unknown.emplace(std::move(key), std::move(val_bytes));
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        if (!found_sep) {
            throw std::ios_base::failure("Separator is missing at the end of an output map");
        }
    }

    template <typename Stream>
    PSBTOutput(deserialize_type, Stream& s) {
        Unserialize(s);
    }
};

/** A version of CTransaction with the PSBT format*/
struct PartiallySignedTransaction
{
    std::optional<CMutableTransaction> tx;
    std::vector<PSBTInput> inputs;
    std::vector<PSBTOutput> outputs;
    std::map<std::vector<unsigned char>, std::vector<unsigned char>> unknown;

    bool IsNull() const;

    /** Merge psbt into this. The two psbts must have the same underlying CTransaction (i.e. the
      * same actual Bitcoin transaction.) Returns true if the merge succeeded, false otherwise. */
    [[nodiscard]] bool Merge(const PartiallySignedTransaction& psbt);
    bool IsSane() const;
    bool AddInput(const CTxIn& txin, PSBTInput& psbtin);
    bool AddOutput(const CTxOut& txout, const PSBTOutput& psbtout);
    PartiallySignedTransaction() {}
    explicit PartiallySignedTransaction(const CMutableTransaction& tx);

    /**
     * Finds the UTXO for a given input index
     *
     * @param[out] utxo The UTXO of the input if found
     * @param[in] input_index Index of the input to retrieve the UTXO of
     * @return Whether the UTXO for the specified input was found
     */
    bool GetInputUTXO(CTxOut& utxo, int input_index) const;

    template <typename Stream>
    inline void Serialize(Stream& s) const {

        // magic bytes
        s << PSBT_MAGIC_BYTES;

        // unsigned tx flag
        SerializeToVector(s, PSBT_GLOBAL_UNSIGNED_TX);

        // Write serialized tx to a stream
        SerializeToVector(s, *tx);

        // Write the unknown things
        for (auto& entry : unknown) {
            s << entry.first;
            s << entry.second;
        }

        // Separator
        s << PSBT_SEPARATOR;

        // Write inputs
        for (const PSBTInput& input : inputs) {
            s << input;
        }
        // Write outputs
        for (const PSBTOutput& output : outputs) {
            s << output;
        }
    }


    template <typename Stream>
    inline void Unserialize(Stream& s) {
        // Read the magic bytes
        uint8_t magic[5];
        s >> magic;
        if (!std::equal(magic, magic + 5, PSBT_MAGIC_BYTES)) {
            throw std::ios_base::failure("Invalid PSBT magic bytes");
        }

        // Used for duplicate key detection
        std::set<std::vector<unsigned char>> key_lookup;

        // Read global data
        bool found_sep = false;
        while(!s.empty()) {
            // Read
            std::vector<unsigned char> key;
            s >> key;

            // the key is empty if that was actually a separator byte
            // This is a special case for key lengths 0 as those are not allowed (except for separator)
            if (key.empty()) {
                found_sep = true;
                break;
            }

            // First byte of key is the type
            unsigned char type = key[0];

            // Do stuff based on type
            switch(type) {
                case PSBT_GLOBAL_UNSIGNED_TX:
                {
                    if (!key_lookup.emplace(key).second) {
                        throw std::ios_base::failure("Duplicate Key, unsigned tx already provided");
                    } else if (key.size() != 1) {
                        throw std::ios_base::failure("Global unsigned tx key is more than one byte type");
                    }
                    CMutableTransaction mtx;
                    UnserializeFromVector(s, mtx);
                    tx = std::move(mtx);
                    // Make sure that all scriptSigs are empty
                    for (const CTxIn& txin : tx->vin) {
                        if (!txin.scriptSig.empty()) {
                            throw std::ios_base::failure("Unsigned tx does not have empty scriptSigs.");
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                }
                // Unknown stuff
                default: {
                    if (unknown.count(key) > 0) {
                        throw std::ios_base::failure("Duplicate Key, key for unknown value already provided");
                    }
                    // Read in the value
                    std::vector<unsigned char> val_bytes;
                    s >> val_bytes;
                    unknown.emplace(std::move(key), std::move(val_bytes));
                }
            }
        }

        if (!found_sep) {
            throw std::ios_base::failure("Separator is missing at the end of the global map");
        }

        // Make sure that we got an unsigned tx
        if (!tx) {
            throw std::ios_base::failure("No unsigned transcation was provided");
        }

        // Read input data
        unsigned int i = 0;
        while (!s.empty() && i < tx->vin.size()) {
            PSBTInput input;
            s >> input;
            inputs.push_back(input);

            // Make sure the non-witness utxo matches the outpoint
            if (input.non_witness_utxo && input.non_witness_utxo->GetHash() != tx->vin[i].prevout.hash) {
                throw std::ios_base::failure("Non-witness UTXO does not match outpoint hash");
            }
            ++i;
        }
        // Make sure that the number of inputs matches the number of inputs in the transaction
        if (inputs.size() != tx->vin.size()) {
            throw std::ios_base::failure("Inputs provided does not match the number of inputs in transaction.");
        }

        // Read output data
        i = 0;
        while (!s.empty() && i < tx->vout.size()) {
            PSBTOutput output;
            s >> output;
            outputs.push_back(output);
            ++i;
        }
        // Make sure that the number of outputs matches the number of outputs in the transaction
        if (outputs.size() != tx->vout.size()) {
            throw std::ios_base::failure("Outputs provided does not match the number of outputs in transaction.");
        }
        // Sanity check
        if (!IsSane()) {
            throw std::ios_base::failure("PSBT is not sane.");
        }
    }

    template <typename Stream>
    PartiallySignedTransaction(deserialize_type, Stream& s) {
        Unserialize(s);
    }
};

enum class PSBTRole {
    CREATOR,
    UPDATER,
    SIGNER,
    FINALIZER,
    EXTRACTOR
};

/**
 * Holds an analysis of one input from a PSBT
 */
struct PSBTInputAnalysis {
    bool has_utxo; //!< Whether we have UTXO information for this input
    bool is_final; //!< Whether the input has all required information including signatures
    PSBTRole next; //!< Which of the BIP 174 roles needs to handle this input next

    std::vector<CKeyID> missing_pubkeys; //!< Pubkeys whose BIP32 derivation path is missing
    std::vector<CKeyID> missing_sigs;    //!< Pubkeys whose signatures are missing
    uint160 missing_redeem_script;       //!< Hash160 of redeem script, if missing
};

/**
 * Holds the results of AnalyzePSBT (miscellaneous information about a PSBT)
 */
struct PSBTAnalysis {
    std::optional<size_t> estimated_vsize;      //!< Estimated weight of the transaction
    std::optional<CFeeRate> estimated_feerate;  //!< Estimated feerate (fee / weight) of the transaction
    std::optional<CAmount> fee;                 //!< Amount of fee being paid by the transaction
    std::vector<PSBTInputAnalysis> inputs; //!< More information about the individual inputs of the transaction
    PSBTRole next;                         //!< Which of the BIP 174 roles needs to handle the transaction next
    std::string error;                     //!< Error message

    void SetInvalid(std::string err_msg)
    {
        estimated_vsize = std::nullopt;
        estimated_feerate = std::nullopt;
        fee = std::nullopt;
        inputs.clear();
        next = PSBTRole::CREATOR;
        error = err_msg;
    }
};

std::string PSBTRoleName(PSBTRole role);

/** Checks whether a PSBTInput is already signed. */
bool PSBTInputSigned(const PSBTInput& input);

/** Signs a PSBTInput, verifying that all provided data matches what is being signed. */
bool SignPSBTInput(const SigningProvider& provider, PartiallySignedTransaction& psbt, int index, int sighash = SIGHASH_ALL, SignatureData* out_sigdata = nullptr, bool use_dummy = false);

/** Updates a PSBTOutput with information from provider.
 *
 * This fills in the redeem_script, and hd_keypaths where possible.
 */
void UpdatePSBTOutput(const SigningProvider& provider, PartiallySignedTransaction& psbt, int index);

/**
 * Finalizes a PSBT if possible, combining partial signatures.
 *
 * @param[in,out] psbtx PartiallySignedTransaction to finalize
 * return True if the PSBT is now complete, false otherwise
 */
bool FinalizePSBT(PartiallySignedTransaction& psbtx);

/**
 * Finalizes a PSBT if possible, and extracts it to a CMutableTransaction if it could be finalized.
 *
 * @param[in]  psbtx PartiallySignedTransaction
 * @param[out] result CMutableTransaction representing the complete transaction, if successful
 * @return True if we successfully extracted the transaction, false otherwise
 */
bool FinalizeAndExtractPSBT(PartiallySignedTransaction& psbtx, CMutableTransaction& result);

/**
 * Combines PSBTs with the same underlying transaction, resulting in a single PSBT with all partial signatures from each input.
 *
 * @param[out] out   the combined PSBT, if successful
 * @param[in]  psbtxs the PSBTs to combine
 * @return error (OK if we successfully combined the transactions, other error if they were not compatible)
 */
[[nodiscard]] TransactionError CombinePSBTs(PartiallySignedTransaction& out, const std::vector<PartiallySignedTransaction>& psbtxs);

/**
 * Provides helpful miscellaneous information about where a PSBT is in the signing workflow.
 *
 * @param[in] psbtx the PSBT to analyze
 * @return A PSBTAnalysis with information about the provided PSBT.
 */
PSBTAnalysis AnalyzePSBT(PartiallySignedTransaction psbtx);

//! Decode a base64ed PSBT into a PartiallySignedTransaction
[[nodiscard]] bool DecodeBase64PSBT(PartiallySignedTransaction& decoded_psbt, const std::string& base64_psbt, std::string& error);
//! Decode a raw (binary blob) PSBT into a PartiallySignedTransaction
[[nodiscard]] bool DecodeRawPSBT(PartiallySignedTransaction& decoded_psbt, const std::string& raw_psbt, std::string& error);

#endif // BITCOIN_PSBT_H