dash/src/net.h

// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
// Copyright (c) 2009-2020 The Bitcoin Core developers
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

#ifndef BITCOIN_NET_H
#define BITCOIN_NET_H

#include <addrman.h>
#include <bloom.h>
#include <chainparams.h>
#include <compat.h>
#include <fs.h>
#include <crypto/siphash.h>
#include <hash.h>
#include <i2p.h>
#include <limitedmap.h>
#include <net_permissions.h>
#include <netaddress.h>
#include <netbase.h>
#include <policy/feerate.h>
#include <protocol.h>
#include <random.h>
#include <saltedhasher.h>
#include <span.h>
#include <streams.h>
#include <sync.h>
#include <threadinterrupt.h>
#include <uint256.h>
#include <util/check.h>
#include <util/edge.h>
#include <util/sock.h>
#include <util/system.h>
#include <util/wpipe.h>
#include <consensus/params.h>

#include <atomic>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <cstdint>
#include <deque>
#include <functional>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <optional>
#include <queue>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>

class CConnman;
class CDeterministicMNList;
class CDeterministicMNManager;
class CMasternodeMetaMan;
class CMasternodeSync;
class CScheduler;
class CNode;
class BanMan;
struct bilingual_str;

/** Default for -whitelistrelay. */
static const bool DEFAULT_WHITELISTRELAY = true;
/** Default for -whitelistforcerelay. */
static const bool DEFAULT_WHITELISTFORCERELAY = false;

/** Time after which to disconnect, after waiting for a ping response (or inactivity). */
static constexpr std::chrono::minutes TIMEOUT_INTERVAL{20};
/** Time to wait since m_connected before disconnecting a probe node. */
static const auto PROBE_WAIT_INTERVAL{5s};
/** Minimum time between warnings printed to log. */
static const int WARNING_INTERVAL = 10 * 60;
/** Run the feeler connection loop once every 2 minutes. **/
static constexpr auto FEELER_INTERVAL = 2min;
/** The maximum number of entries in an 'inv' protocol message */
static const unsigned int MAX_INV_SZ = 50000;
/** Run the extra block-relay-only connection loop once every 5 minutes. **/
static constexpr auto EXTRA_BLOCK_RELAY_ONLY_PEER_INTERVAL = 5min;
/** Maximum length of incoming protocol messages (no message over 3 MiB is currently acceptable). */
static const unsigned int MAX_PROTOCOL_MESSAGE_LENGTH = 3 * 1024 * 1024;
/** Maximum length of the user agent string in `version` message */
static const unsigned int MAX_SUBVERSION_LENGTH = 256;
/** Maximum number of automatic outgoing nodes over which we'll relay everything (blocks, tx, addrs, etc) */
static const int MAX_OUTBOUND_FULL_RELAY_CONNECTIONS = 8;
/** Maximum number of addnode outgoing nodes */
static const int MAX_ADDNODE_CONNECTIONS = 8;
/** Eviction protection time for incoming connections  */
static const auto INBOUND_EVICTION_PROTECTION_TIME{1s};
/** Maximum number of block-relay-only outgoing connections */
static const int MAX_BLOCK_RELAY_ONLY_CONNECTIONS = 2;
/** Maximum number of feeler connections */
static const int MAX_FEELER_CONNECTIONS = 1;
/** -listen default */
static const bool DEFAULT_LISTEN = true;
/** The maximum number of peer connections to maintain.
 *  Masternodes are forced to accept at least this many connections
 */
static const unsigned int DEFAULT_MAX_PEER_CONNECTIONS = 125;
/** The default for -maxuploadtarget. 0 = Unlimited */
static constexpr uint64_t DEFAULT_MAX_UPLOAD_TARGET = 0;
/** Default for blocks only*/
static const bool DEFAULT_BLOCKSONLY = false;
/** -peertimeout default */
static const int64_t DEFAULT_PEER_CONNECT_TIMEOUT = 60;
/** Number of file descriptors required for message capture **/
static const int NUM_FDS_MESSAGE_CAPTURE = 1;

static const bool DEFAULT_FORCEDNSSEED = false;
static const bool DEFAULT_DNSSEED = true;
static const bool DEFAULT_FIXEDSEEDS = true;
static const size_t DEFAULT_MAXRECEIVEBUFFER = 5 * 1000;
static const size_t DEFAULT_MAXSENDBUFFER    = 1 * 1000;

#if defined USE_KQUEUE
#define DEFAULT_SOCKETEVENTS "kqueue"
#elif defined USE_EPOLL
#define DEFAULT_SOCKETEVENTS "epoll"
#elif defined USE_POLL
#define DEFAULT_SOCKETEVENTS "poll"
#else
#define DEFAULT_SOCKETEVENTS "select"
#endif

typedef int64_t NodeId;

struct AddedNodeInfo
{
    std::string strAddedNode;
    CService resolvedAddress;
    bool fConnected;
    bool fInbound;
};

class CNodeStats;
class CClientUIInterface;

struct CSerializedNetMsg
{
    CSerializedNetMsg() = default;
    CSerializedNetMsg(CSerializedNetMsg&&) = default;
    CSerializedNetMsg& operator=(CSerializedNetMsg&&) = default;
    // No copying, only moves.
    CSerializedNetMsg(const CSerializedNetMsg& msg) = delete;
    CSerializedNetMsg& operator=(const CSerializedNetMsg&) = delete;

    std::vector<unsigned char> data;
    std::string m_type;
};

/** Different types of connections to a peer. This enum encapsulates the
 * information we have available at the time of opening or accepting the
 * connection. Aside from INBOUND, all types are initiated by us.
 *
 * If adding or removing types, please update CONNECTION_TYPE_DOC in
 * src/rpc/net.cpp and src/qt/rpcconsole.cpp, as well as the descriptions in
 * src/qt/guiutil.cpp and src/bitcoin-cli.cpp::NetinfoRequestHandler. */
enum class ConnectionType {
    /**
     * Inbound connections are those initiated by a peer. This is the only
     * property we know at the time of connection, until P2P messages are
     * exchanged.
     */
    INBOUND,

    /**
     * These are the default connections that we use to connect with the
     * network. There is no restriction on what is relayed; by default we relay
     * blocks, addresses & transactions. We automatically attempt to open
     * MAX_OUTBOUND_FULL_RELAY_CONNECTIONS using addresses from our AddrMan.
     */
    OUTBOUND_FULL_RELAY,


    /**
     * We open manual connections to addresses that users explicitly requested
     * via the addnode RPC or the -addnode/-connect configuration options. Even if a
     * manual connection is misbehaving, we do not automatically disconnect or
     * add it to our discouragement filter.
     */
    MANUAL,

    /**
     * Feeler connections are short-lived connections made to check that a node
     * is alive. They can be useful for:
     * - test-before-evict: if one of the peers is considered for eviction from
     *   our AddrMan because another peer is mapped to the same slot in the tried table,
     *   evict only if this longer-known peer is offline.
     * - move node addresses from New to Tried table, so that we have more
     *   connectable addresses in our AddrMan.
     * Note that in the literature ("Eclipse Attacks on Bitcoin’s Peer-to-Peer Network")
     * only the latter feature is referred to as "feeler connections",
     * although in our codebase feeler connections encompass test-before-evict as well.
     * We make these connections approximately every FEELER_INTERVAL:
     * first we resolve previously found collisions if they exist (test-before-evict),
     * otherwise we connect to a node from the new table.
     */
    FEELER,

    /**
     * We use block-relay-only connections to help prevent against partition
     * attacks. By not relaying transactions or addresses, these connections
     * are harder to detect by a third party, thus helping obfuscate the
     * network topology. We automatically attempt to open
     * MAX_BLOCK_RELAY_ONLY_ANCHORS using addresses from our anchors.dat. Then
     * addresses from our AddrMan if MAX_BLOCK_RELAY_ONLY_CONNECTIONS
     * isn't reached yet.
     */
    BLOCK_RELAY,

    /**
     * AddrFetch connections are short lived connections used to solicit
     * addresses from peers. These are initiated to addresses submitted via the
     * -seednode command line argument, or under certain conditions when the
     * AddrMan is empty.
     */
    ADDR_FETCH,
};

/** Convert ConnectionType enum to a string value */
std::string ConnectionTypeAsString(ConnectionType conn_type);

/**
 * Look up IP addresses from all interfaces on the machine and add them to the
 * list of local addresses to self-advertise.
 * The loopback interface is skipped and only the first address from each
 * interface is used.
 */
void Discover();

uint16_t GetListenPort();

enum
{
    LOCAL_NONE,   // unknown
    LOCAL_IF,     // address a local interface listens on
    LOCAL_BIND,   // address explicit bound to
    LOCAL_MAPPED, // address reported by UPnP or NAT-PMP
    LOCAL_MANUAL, // address explicitly specified (-externalip=)

    LOCAL_MAX
};

bool IsPeerAddrLocalGood(CNode *pnode);
/** Returns a local address that we should advertise to this peer */
std::optional<CAddress> GetLocalAddrForPeer(CNode *pnode);

/**
 * Mark a network as reachable or unreachable (no automatic connects to it)
 * @note Networks are reachable by default
 */
void SetReachable(enum Network net, bool reachable);
/** @returns true if the network is reachable, false otherwise */
bool IsReachable(enum Network net);
/** @returns true if the address is in a reachable network, false otherwise */
bool IsReachable(const CNetAddr& addr);

bool AddLocal(const CService& addr, int nScore = LOCAL_NONE);
bool AddLocal(const CNetAddr& addr, int nScore = LOCAL_NONE);
void RemoveLocal(const CService& addr);
bool SeenLocal(const CService& addr);
bool IsLocal(const CService& addr);
bool GetLocal(CService &addr, const CNetAddr *paddrPeer = nullptr);
CAddress GetLocalAddress(const CNetAddr *paddrPeer, ServiceFlags nLocalServices);


extern bool fDiscover;
extern bool fListen;

/** Subversion as sent to the P2P network in `version` messages */
extern std::string strSubVersion;

struct LocalServiceInfo {
    int nScore;
    uint16_t nPort;
};

extern Mutex g_maplocalhost_mutex;
extern std::map<CNetAddr, LocalServiceInfo> mapLocalHost GUARDED_BY(g_maplocalhost_mutex);

extern const std::string NET_MESSAGE_TYPE_OTHER;
using mapMsgTypeSize = std::map</* message type */ std::string, /* total bytes */ uint64_t>;

class CNodeStats
{
public:
    NodeId nodeid;
    ServiceFlags nServices;
    std::chrono::seconds m_last_send;
    std::chrono::seconds m_last_recv;
    std::chrono::seconds m_last_tx_time;
    std::chrono::seconds m_last_block_time;
    std::chrono::seconds m_connected;
    int64_t nTimeOffset;
    std::string m_addr_name;
    int nVersion;
    std::string cleanSubVer;
    bool fInbound;
    bool m_manual_connection;
    bool m_bip152_highbandwidth_to;
    bool m_bip152_highbandwidth_from;
    int m_starting_height;
    uint64_t nSendBytes;
    mapMsgTypeSize mapSendBytesPerMsgType;
    uint64_t nRecvBytes;
    mapMsgTypeSize mapRecvBytesPerMsgType;
    NetPermissionFlags m_permissionFlags;
    bool m_legacyWhitelisted;
    std::chrono::microseconds m_last_ping_time;
    std::chrono::microseconds m_min_ping_time;
    // Our address, as reported by the peer
    std::string addrLocal;
    // Address of this peer
    CAddress addr;
    // Bind address of our side of the connection
    CAddress addrBind;
    // Network the peer connected through
    Network m_network;
    uint32_t m_mapped_as;
    // In case this is a verified MN, this value is the proTx of the MN
    uint256 verifiedProRegTxHash;
    // In case this is a verified MN, this value is the hashed operator pubkey of the MN
    uint256 verifiedPubKeyHash;
    bool m_masternode_connection;
    ConnectionType m_conn_type;
};


/** Transport protocol agnostic message container.
 * Ideally it should only contain receive time, payload,
 * type and size.
 */
class CNetMessage {
public:
    CDataStream m_recv;                  //!< received message data
    std::chrono::microseconds m_time{0}; //!< time of message receipt
    uint32_t m_message_size{0};     //!< size of the payload
    uint32_t m_raw_message_size{0}; //!< used wire size of the message (including header/checksum)
    std::string m_type;

    CNetMessage(CDataStream&& recv_in) : m_recv(std::move(recv_in)) {}

    void SetVersion(int nVersionIn)
    {
        m_recv.SetVersion(nVersionIn);
    }
};

/** The TransportDeserializer takes care of holding and deserializing the
 * network receive buffer. It can deserialize the network buffer into a
 * transport protocol agnostic CNetMessage (message type & payload)
 */
class TransportDeserializer {
public:
    // returns true if the current deserialization is complete
    virtual bool Complete() const = 0;
    // set the serialization context version
    virtual void SetVersion(int version) = 0;
    /** read and deserialize data, advances msg_bytes data pointer */
    virtual int Read(Span<const uint8_t>& msg_bytes) = 0;
    // decomposes a message from the context
    virtual CNetMessage GetMessage(std::chrono::microseconds time, bool& reject_message) = 0;
    virtual ~TransportDeserializer() {}
};

class V1TransportDeserializer final : public TransportDeserializer
{
private:
    const CChainParams& m_chain_params;
    const NodeId m_node_id; // Only for logging
    mutable CHash256 hasher;
    mutable uint256 data_hash;
    bool in_data;                   // parsing header (false) or data (true)
    CDataStream hdrbuf;             // partially received header
    CMessageHeader hdr;             // complete header
    CDataStream vRecv;              // received message data
    unsigned int nHdrPos;
    unsigned int nDataPos;

    const uint256& GetMessageHash() const;
    int readHeader(Span<const uint8_t> msg_bytes);
    int readData(Span<const uint8_t> msg_bytes);

    void Reset() {
        vRecv.clear();
        hdrbuf.clear();
        hdrbuf.resize(24);
        in_data = false;
        nHdrPos = 0;
        nDataPos = 0;
        data_hash.SetNull();
        hasher.Reset();
    }

public:
    V1TransportDeserializer(const CChainParams& chain_params, const NodeId node_id, int nTypeIn, int nVersionIn)
        : m_chain_params(chain_params),
          m_node_id(node_id),
          hdrbuf(nTypeIn, nVersionIn),
          vRecv(nTypeIn, nVersionIn)
    {
        Reset();
    }

    bool Complete() const override
    {
        if (!in_data)
            return false;
        return (hdr.nMessageSize == nDataPos);
    }
    void SetVersion(int nVersionIn) override
    {
        hdrbuf.SetVersion(nVersionIn);
        vRecv.SetVersion(nVersionIn);
    }
    int Read(Span<const uint8_t>& msg_bytes) override
    {
        int ret = in_data ? readData(msg_bytes) : readHeader(msg_bytes);
        if (ret < 0) {
            Reset();
        } else {
            msg_bytes = msg_bytes.subspan(ret);
        }
        return ret;
    }
    CNetMessage GetMessage(std::chrono::microseconds time, bool& reject_message) override;
};

/** The TransportSerializer prepares messages for the network transport
 */
class TransportSerializer {
public:
    // prepare message for transport (header construction, error-correction computation, payload encryption, etc.)
    virtual void prepareForTransport(CSerializedNetMsg& msg, std::vector<unsigned char>& header) const = 0;
    virtual ~TransportSerializer() {}
};

class V1TransportSerializer : public TransportSerializer {
public:
    void prepareForTransport(CSerializedNetMsg& msg, std::vector<unsigned char>& header) const override;
};

/** Information about a peer */
class CNode
{
    friend class CConnman;
    friend struct ConnmanTestMsg;

public:
    const std::unique_ptr<TransportDeserializer> m_deserializer; // Used only by SocketHandler thread
    const std::unique_ptr<const TransportSerializer> m_serializer;

    NetPermissionFlags m_permissionFlags{NetPermissionFlags::None}; // treated as const outside of fuzz tester
    std::atomic<ServiceFlags> nServices{NODE_NONE};

    /**
     * Socket used for communication with the node.
     * May not own a Sock object (after `CloseSocketDisconnect()` or during tests).
     * `shared_ptr` (instead of `unique_ptr`) is used to avoid premature close of
     * the underlying file descriptor by one thread while another thread is
     * poll(2)-ing it for activity.
     * @see https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/21744 for details.
     */
    std::shared_ptr<Sock> m_sock GUARDED_BY(m_sock_mutex);

    /** Total size of all vSendMsg entries */
    size_t nSendSize GUARDED_BY(cs_vSend){0};
    /** Offset inside the first vSendMsg already sent */
    size_t nSendOffset GUARDED_BY(cs_vSend){0};
    uint64_t nSendBytes GUARDED_BY(cs_vSend){0};
    std::list<std::vector<unsigned char>> vSendMsg GUARDED_BY(cs_vSend);
    std::atomic<size_t> nSendMsgSize{0};
    Mutex cs_vSend;
    Mutex m_sock_mutex;
    Mutex cs_vRecv;

    RecursiveMutex cs_vProcessMsg;
    std::list<CNetMessage> vProcessMsg GUARDED_BY(cs_vProcessMsg);
    size_t nProcessQueueSize GUARDED_BY(cs_vProcessMsg){0};

    RecursiveMutex cs_sendProcessing;

    uint64_t nRecvBytes GUARDED_BY(cs_vRecv){0};

    std::atomic<std::chrono::seconds> m_last_send{0s};
    std::atomic<std::chrono::seconds> m_last_recv{0s};
    //! Unix epoch time at peer connection
    const std::chrono::seconds m_connected;
    std::atomic<int64_t> nTimeOffset{0};
    std::atomic<int64_t> nLastWarningTime{0};
    std::atomic<int64_t> nTimeFirstMessageReceived{0};
    std::atomic<bool> fFirstMessageIsMNAUTH{false};
    // Address of this peer
    const CAddress addr;
    // Bind address of our side of the connection
    const CAddress addrBind;
    const std::string m_addr_name;
    //! Whether this peer is an inbound onion, i.e. connected via our Tor onion service.
    const bool m_inbound_onion;
    std::atomic<int> nNumWarningsSkipped{0};
    std::atomic<int> nVersion{0};
    Mutex m_subver_mutex;
    /**
     * cleanSubVer is a sanitized string of the user agent byte array we read
     * from the wire. This cleaned string can safely be logged or displayed.
     */
    std::string cleanSubVer GUARDED_BY(m_subver_mutex){};
    bool m_prefer_evict{false}; // This peer is preferred for eviction. (treated as const)
    bool HasPermission(NetPermissionFlags permission) const {
        return NetPermissions::HasFlag(m_permissionFlags, permission);
    }
    // This boolean is unusued in actual processing, only present for backward compatibility at RPC/QT level
    bool m_legacyWhitelisted{false};
    bool fClient{false}; // set by version message
    bool m_limited_node{false}; //after BIP159, set by version message
    /** fSuccessfullyConnected is set to true on receiving VERACK from the peer. */
    std::atomic_bool fSuccessfullyConnected{false};
    // Setting fDisconnect to true will cause the node to be disconnected the
    // next time DisconnectNodes() runs
    std::atomic_bool fDisconnect{false};
    std::atomic<int64_t> nDisconnectLingerTime{0};
    std::atomic_bool fSocketShutdown{false};
    std::atomic_bool fOtherSideDisconnected { false };
    // If 'true' this node will be disconnected on CMasternodeMan::ProcessMasternodeConnections()
    std::atomic<bool> m_masternode_connection{false};
    /**
     * If 'true' this node will be disconnected after MNAUTH (outbound only) or
     * after PROBE_WAIT_INTERVAL seconds since m_connected
     */
    std::atomic<bool> m_masternode_probe_connection{false};
    // If 'true', we identified it as an intra-quorum relay connection
    std::atomic<bool> m_masternode_iqr_connection{false};
    CSemaphoreGrant grantOutbound;
    std::atomic<int> nRefCount{0};

    const uint64_t nKeyedNetGroup;

    std::atomic_bool fPauseRecv{false};
    std::atomic_bool fPauseSend{false};

    std::atomic_bool fHasRecvData{false};
    std::atomic_bool fCanSendData{false};

    /**
     * Get network the peer connected through.
     *
     * Returns Network::NET_ONION for *inbound* onion connections,
     * and CNetAddr::GetNetClass() otherwise. The latter cannot be used directly
     * because it doesn't detect the former, and it's not the responsibility of
     * the CNetAddr class to know the actual network a peer is connected through.
     *
     * @return network the peer connected through.
     */
    Network ConnectedThroughNetwork() const;
    bool IsOutboundOrBlockRelayConn() const {
        switch (m_conn_type) {
            case ConnectionType::OUTBOUND_FULL_RELAY:
            case ConnectionType::BLOCK_RELAY:
                return true;
            case ConnectionType::INBOUND:
            case ConnectionType::MANUAL:
            case ConnectionType::ADDR_FETCH:
            case ConnectionType::FEELER:
                return false;
        } // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing cases

        assert(false);
    }

    bool IsFullOutboundConn() const {
        return m_conn_type == ConnectionType::OUTBOUND_FULL_RELAY;
    }

    bool IsManualConn() const {
        return m_conn_type == ConnectionType::MANUAL;
    }

    bool IsBlockOnlyConn() const {
        return m_conn_type == ConnectionType::BLOCK_RELAY;
    }

    bool IsFeelerConn() const {
        return m_conn_type == ConnectionType::FEELER;
    }

    bool IsAddrFetchConn() const {
        return m_conn_type == ConnectionType::ADDR_FETCH;
    }

    bool IsInboundConn() const {
        return m_conn_type == ConnectionType::INBOUND;
    }

    bool ExpectServicesFromConn() const {
        switch (m_conn_type) {
            case ConnectionType::INBOUND:
            case ConnectionType::MANUAL:
            case ConnectionType::FEELER:
                return false;
            case ConnectionType::OUTBOUND_FULL_RELAY:
            case ConnectionType::BLOCK_RELAY:
            case ConnectionType::ADDR_FETCH:
                return true;
        } // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing cases

        assert(false);
    }

public:
    // We selected peer as (compact blocks) high-bandwidth peer (BIP152)
    std::atomic<bool> m_bip152_highbandwidth_to{false};
    // Peer selected us as (compact blocks) high-bandwidth peer (BIP152)
    std::atomic<bool> m_bip152_highbandwidth_from{false};

    /** Whether we should relay transactions to this peer (their version
     *  message did not include fRelay=false and this is not a block-relay-only
     *  connection). This only changes from false to true. It will never change
     *  back to false. Used only in inbound eviction logic. */
    std::atomic_bool m_relays_txs{false};

    /** Whether this peer has loaded a bloom filter. Used only in inbound
     *  eviction logic. */
    std::atomic_bool m_bloom_filter_loaded{false};

    /** UNIX epoch time of the last block received from this peer that we had
     * not yet seen (e.g. not already received from another peer), that passed
     * preliminary validity checks and was saved to disk, even if we don't
     * connect the block or it eventually fails connection. Used as an inbound
     * peer eviction criterium in CConnman::AttemptToEvictConnection. */
    std::atomic<std::chrono::seconds> m_last_block_time{0s};

    /** UNIX epoch time of the last transaction received from this peer that we
     * had not yet seen (e.g. not already received from another peer) and that
     * was accepted into our mempool. Used as an inbound peer eviction criterium
     * in CConnman::AttemptToEvictConnection. */
    std::atomic<std::chrono::seconds> m_last_tx_time{0s};

    /** Last measured round-trip time. Used only for RPC/GUI stats/debugging.*/
    std::atomic<std::chrono::microseconds> m_last_ping_time{0us};

    /** Lowest measured round-trip time. Used as an inbound peer eviction
     * criterium in CConnman::AttemptToEvictConnection. */
    std::atomic<std::chrono::microseconds> m_min_ping_time{std::chrono::microseconds::max()};

    // If true, we will send him CoinJoin queue messages
    std::atomic<bool> fSendDSQueue{false};

    // If true, we will announce/send him plain recovered sigs (usually true for full nodes)
    std::atomic<bool> fSendRecSigs{false};
    // If true, we will send him all quorum related messages, even if he is not a member of our quorums
    std::atomic<bool> qwatch{false};

    bool IsBlockRelayOnly() const;

    CNode(NodeId id,
          ServiceFlags nLocalServicesIn,
          std::shared_ptr<Sock> sock,
          const CAddress &addrIn,
          uint64_t nKeyedNetGroupIn,
          uint64_t nLocalHostNonceIn,
          const CAddress &addrBindIn,
          const std::string &addrNameIn,
          ConnectionType conn_type_in,
          bool inbound_onion,
          std::unique_ptr<i2p::sam::Session>&& i2p_sam_session = nullptr);
    CNode(const CNode&) = delete;
    CNode& operator=(const CNode&) = delete;

    NodeId GetId() const {
        return id;
    }

    uint64_t GetLocalNonce() const {
        return nLocalHostNonce;
    }

    int GetRefCount() const
    {
        assert(nRefCount >= 0);
        return nRefCount;
    }

    /**
     * Receive bytes from the buffer and deserialize them into messages.
     *
     * @param[in]   msg_bytes   The raw data
     * @param[out]  complete    Set True if at least one message has been
     *                          deserialized and is ready to be processed
     * @return  True if the peer should stay connected,
     *          False if the peer should be disconnected from.
     */
    bool ReceiveMsgBytes(Span<const uint8_t> msg_bytes, bool& complete) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!cs_vRecv);

    void SetCommonVersion(int greatest_common_version)
    {
        Assume(m_greatest_common_version == INIT_PROTO_VERSION);
        m_greatest_common_version = greatest_common_version;
    }
    int GetCommonVersion() const
    {
        return m_greatest_common_version;
    }

    CService GetAddrLocal() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_addr_local_mutex);
    //! May not be called more than once
    void SetAddrLocal(const CService& addrLocalIn) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_addr_local_mutex);

    CNode* AddRef()
    {
        nRefCount++;
        return this;
    }

    void Release()
    {
        nRefCount--;
    }

    void CloseSocketDisconnect(CConnman* connman) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_sock_mutex);

    void CopyStats(CNodeStats& stats) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_subver_mutex, !m_addr_local_mutex, !cs_vSend, !cs_vRecv);

    ServiceFlags GetLocalServices() const
    {
        return nLocalServices;
    }

    std::string ConnectionTypeAsString() const { return ::ConnectionTypeAsString(m_conn_type); }

    /** A ping-pong round trip has completed successfully. Update latest and minimum ping times. */
    void PongReceived(std::chrono::microseconds ping_time) {
        m_last_ping_time = ping_time;
        m_min_ping_time = std::min(m_min_ping_time.load(), ping_time);
    }

    std::string GetLogString() const;

    bool CanRelay() const { return !m_masternode_connection || m_masternode_iqr_connection; }

    uint256 GetSentMNAuthChallenge() const {
        LOCK(cs_mnauth);
        return sentMNAuthChallenge;
    }

    uint256 GetReceivedMNAuthChallenge() const {
        LOCK(cs_mnauth);
        return receivedMNAuthChallenge;
    }

    uint256 GetVerifiedProRegTxHash() const {
        LOCK(cs_mnauth);
        return verifiedProRegTxHash;
    }

    uint256 GetVerifiedPubKeyHash() const {
        LOCK(cs_mnauth);
        return verifiedPubKeyHash;
    }

    void SetSentMNAuthChallenge(const uint256& newSentMNAuthChallenge) {
        LOCK(cs_mnauth);
        sentMNAuthChallenge = newSentMNAuthChallenge;
    }

    void SetReceivedMNAuthChallenge(const uint256& newReceivedMNAuthChallenge) {
        LOCK(cs_mnauth);
        receivedMNAuthChallenge = newReceivedMNAuthChallenge;
    }

    void SetVerifiedProRegTxHash(const uint256& newVerifiedProRegTxHash) {
        LOCK(cs_mnauth);
        verifiedProRegTxHash = newVerifiedProRegTxHash;
    }

    void SetVerifiedPubKeyHash(const uint256& newVerifiedPubKeyHash) {
        LOCK(cs_mnauth);
        verifiedPubKeyHash = newVerifiedPubKeyHash;
    }

private:
    const NodeId id;
    const uint64_t nLocalHostNonce;
    const ConnectionType m_conn_type;
    std::atomic<int> m_greatest_common_version{INIT_PROTO_VERSION};

    //! Services offered to this peer.
    //!
    //! This is supplied by the parent CConnman during peer connection
    //! (CConnman::ConnectNode()) from its attribute of the same name.
    //!
    //! This is const because there is no protocol defined for renegotiating
    //! services initially offered to a peer. The set of local services we
    //! offer should not change after initialization.
    //!
    //! An interesting example of this is NODE_NETWORK and initial block
    //! download: a node which starts up from scratch doesn't have any blocks
    //! to serve, but still advertises NODE_NETWORK because it will eventually
    //! fulfill this role after IBD completes. P2P code is written in such a
    //! way that it can gracefully handle peers who don't make good on their
    //! service advertisements.
    const ServiceFlags nLocalServices;

    std::list<CNetMessage> vRecvMsg;  // Used only by SocketHandler thread

    // Our address, as reported by the peer
    CService addrLocal GUARDED_BY(m_addr_local_mutex);
    mutable Mutex m_addr_local_mutex;

    // Challenge sent in VERSION to be answered with MNAUTH (only happens between MNs)
    mutable Mutex cs_mnauth;
    uint256 sentMNAuthChallenge GUARDED_BY(cs_mnauth);
    uint256 receivedMNAuthChallenge GUARDED_BY(cs_mnauth);
    uint256 verifiedProRegTxHash GUARDED_BY(cs_mnauth);
    uint256 verifiedPubKeyHash GUARDED_BY(cs_mnauth);

    mapMsgTypeSize mapSendBytesPerMsgType GUARDED_BY(cs_vSend);
    mapMsgTypeSize mapRecvBytesPerMsgType GUARDED_BY(cs_vRecv);

    /**
     * If an I2P session is created per connection (for outbound transient I2P
     * connections) then it is stored here so that it can be destroyed when the
     * socket is closed. I2P sessions involve a data/transport socket (in `m_sock`)
     * and a control socket (in `m_i2p_sam_session`). For transient sessions, once
     * the data socket is closed, the control socket is not going to be used anymore
     * and is just taking up resources. So better close it as soon as `m_sock` is
     * closed.
     * Otherwise this unique_ptr is empty.
     */
    std::unique_ptr<i2p::sam::Session> m_i2p_sam_session GUARDED_BY(m_sock_mutex);
};

/**
 * Interface for message handling
 */
class NetEventsInterface
{
public:
    /** Initialize a peer (setup state, queue any initial messages) */
    virtual void InitializeNode(CNode* pnode) = 0;

    /** Handle removal of a peer (clear state) */
    virtual void FinalizeNode(const CNode& node) = 0;

    /**
    * Process protocol messages received from a given node
    *
    * @param[in]   pnode           The node which we have received messages from.
    * @param[in]   interrupt       Interrupt condition for processing threads
    * @return                      True if there is more work to be done
    */
    virtual bool ProcessMessages(CNode* pnode, std::atomic<bool>& interrupt) = 0;

    /**
    * Send queued protocol messages to a given node.
    *
    * @param[in]   pnode           The node which we are sending messages to.
    * @return                      True if there is more work to be done
    */
    virtual bool SendMessages(CNode* pnode) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(pnode->cs_sendProcessing) = 0;


protected:
    /**
     * Protected destructor so that instances can only be deleted by derived classes.
     * If that restriction is no longer desired, this should be made public and virtual.
     */
    ~NetEventsInterface() = default;
};

class CConnman
{
friend class CNode;
public:
    struct Options
    {
        ServiceFlags nLocalServices = NODE_NONE;
        int nMaxConnections = 0;
        int m_max_outbound_full_relay = 0;
        int m_max_outbound_block_relay = 0;
        int nMaxAddnode = 0;
        int nMaxFeeler = 0;
        CClientUIInterface* uiInterface = nullptr;
        NetEventsInterface* m_msgproc = nullptr;
        BanMan* m_banman = nullptr;
        unsigned int nSendBufferMaxSize = 0;
        unsigned int nReceiveFloodSize = 0;
        uint64_t nMaxOutboundLimit = 0;
        int64_t m_peer_connect_timeout = DEFAULT_PEER_CONNECT_TIMEOUT;
        std::vector<std::string> vSeedNodes;
        std::vector<NetWhitelistPermissions> vWhitelistedRange;
        std::vector<NetWhitebindPermissions> vWhiteBinds;
        std::vector<CService> vBinds;
        std::vector<CService> onion_binds;
        /// True if the user did not specify -bind= or -whitebind= and thus
        /// we should bind on `0.0.0.0` (IPv4) and `::` (IPv6).
        bool bind_on_any;
        bool m_use_addrman_outgoing = true;
        std::vector<std::string> m_specified_outgoing;
        std::vector<std::string> m_added_nodes;
        SocketEventsMode socketEventsMode = SocketEventsMode::Select;
        bool m_i2p_accept_incoming;
    };

    void Init(const Options& connOptions) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_added_nodes_mutex, !m_total_bytes_sent_mutex)
    {
        AssertLockNotHeld(m_total_bytes_sent_mutex);

        nLocalServices = connOptions.nLocalServices;
        nMaxConnections = connOptions.nMaxConnections;
        m_max_outbound_full_relay = std::min(connOptions.m_max_outbound_full_relay, connOptions.nMaxConnections);
        m_max_outbound_block_relay = connOptions.m_max_outbound_block_relay;
        m_use_addrman_outgoing = connOptions.m_use_addrman_outgoing;
        nMaxAddnode = connOptions.nMaxAddnode;
        nMaxFeeler = connOptions.nMaxFeeler;
        m_max_outbound = m_max_outbound_full_relay + m_max_outbound_block_relay + nMaxFeeler;
        clientInterface = connOptions.uiInterface;
        m_banman = connOptions.m_banman;
        m_msgproc = connOptions.m_msgproc;
        nSendBufferMaxSize = connOptions.nSendBufferMaxSize;
        nReceiveFloodSize = connOptions.nReceiveFloodSize;
        m_peer_connect_timeout = std::chrono::seconds{connOptions.m_peer_connect_timeout};
        {
            LOCK(m_total_bytes_sent_mutex);
            nMaxOutboundLimit = connOptions.nMaxOutboundLimit;
        }
        vWhitelistedRange = connOptions.vWhitelistedRange;
        {
            LOCK(m_added_nodes_mutex);
            m_added_nodes = connOptions.m_added_nodes;
        }
        socketEventsMode = connOptions.socketEventsMode;
        m_onion_binds = connOptions.onion_binds;
    }

    CConnman(uint64_t seed0, uint64_t seed1, AddrMan& addrman, bool network_active = true);
    ~CConnman();
    bool Start(CDeterministicMNManager& dmnman, CMasternodeMetaMan& mn_metaman, CMasternodeSync& mn_sync,
               CScheduler& scheduler, const Options& options)
        EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_total_bytes_sent_mutex, !m_added_nodes_mutex, !m_addr_fetches_mutex, !mutexMsgProc);

    void StopThreads();
    void StopNodes();
    void Stop()
    {
        StopThreads();
        StopNodes();
    };

    void Interrupt() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!mutexMsgProc);
    bool GetNetworkActive() const { return fNetworkActive; };
    bool GetUseAddrmanOutgoing() const { return m_use_addrman_outgoing; };
    void SetNetworkActive(bool active, CMasternodeSync* const mn_sync);
    SocketEventsMode GetSocketEventsMode() const { return socketEventsMode; }

    enum class MasternodeConn {
        IsNotConnection,
        IsConnection,
    };

    enum class MasternodeProbeConn {
        IsNotConnection,
        IsConnection,
    };

    void OpenNetworkConnection(const CAddress& addrConnect, bool fCountFailure, CSemaphoreGrant* grantOutbound,
                               const char* strDest, ConnectionType conn_type,
                               MasternodeConn masternode_connection = MasternodeConn::IsNotConnection,
                               MasternodeProbeConn masternode_probe_connection = MasternodeProbeConn::IsNotConnection)
        EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_unused_i2p_sessions_mutex, !mutexMsgProc);
    void OpenMasternodeConnection(const CAddress& addrConnect, MasternodeProbeConn probe = MasternodeProbeConn::IsConnection)
        EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_unused_i2p_sessions_mutex, !mutexMsgProc);
    bool CheckIncomingNonce(uint64_t nonce);

    struct CFullyConnectedOnly {
        bool operator() (const CNode* pnode) const {
            return NodeFullyConnected(pnode);
        }
    };

    constexpr static const CFullyConnectedOnly FullyConnectedOnly{};

    struct CAllNodes {
        bool operator() (const CNode*) const {return true;}
    };

    constexpr static const CAllNodes AllNodes{};

    bool ForNode(NodeId id, std::function<bool(const CNode* pnode)> cond, std::function<bool(CNode* pnode)> func);
    bool ForNode(const CService& addr, std::function<bool(const CNode* pnode)> cond, std::function<bool(CNode* pnode)> func);

    template<typename Callable>
    bool ForNode(const CService& addr, Callable&& func)
    {
        return ForNode(addr, FullyConnectedOnly, func);
    }

    template<typename Callable>
    bool ForNode(NodeId id, Callable&& func)
    {
        return ForNode(id, FullyConnectedOnly, func);
    }

    bool IsConnected(const CService& addr, std::function<bool(const CNode* pnode)> cond)
    {
        return ForNode(addr, cond, [](CNode* pnode){
            return true;
        });
    }

    bool IsMasternodeOrDisconnectRequested(const CService& addr);

    void PushMessage(CNode* pnode, CSerializedNetMsg&& msg)
        EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!mutexMsgProc, !m_total_bytes_sent_mutex);

    template<typename Condition, typename Callable>
    bool ForEachNodeContinueIf(const Condition& cond, Callable&& func)
    {
        LOCK(m_nodes_mutex);
        for (auto&& node : m_nodes)
            if (cond(node))
                if(!func(node))
                    return false;
        return true;
    };

    template<typename Callable>
    bool ForEachNodeContinueIf(Callable&& func)
    {
        return ForEachNodeContinueIf(FullyConnectedOnly, func);
    }

    template<typename Condition, typename Callable>
    bool ForEachNodeContinueIf(const Condition& cond, Callable&& func) const
    {
        LOCK(m_nodes_mutex);
        for (const auto& node : m_nodes)
            if (cond(node))
                if(!func(node))
                    return false;
        return true;
    };

    template<typename Callable>
    bool ForEachNodeContinueIf(Callable&& func) const
    {
        return ForEachNodeContinueIf(FullyConnectedOnly, func);
    }

    template<typename Condition, typename Callable>
    void ForEachNode(const Condition& cond, Callable&& func)
    {
        LOCK(m_nodes_mutex);
        for (auto&& node : m_nodes) {
            if (cond(node))
                func(node);
        }
    };

    template<typename Callable>
    void ForEachNode(Callable&& func)
    {
        ForEachNode(FullyConnectedOnly, func);
    }

    template<typename Condition, typename Callable>
    void ForEachNode(const Condition& cond, Callable&& func) const
    {
        LOCK(m_nodes_mutex);
        for (auto&& node : m_nodes) {
            if (cond(node))
                func(node);
        }
    };

    template<typename Callable>
    void ForEachNode(Callable&& func) const
    {
        ForEachNode(FullyConnectedOnly, func);
    }

    template<typename Condition, typename Callable, typename CallableAfter>
    void ForEachNodeThen(const Condition& cond, Callable&& pre, CallableAfter&& post)
    {
        LOCK(m_nodes_mutex);
        for (auto&& node : m_nodes) {
            if (cond(node))
                pre(node);
        }
        post();
    };

    template<typename Callable, typename CallableAfter>
    void ForEachNodeThen(Callable&& pre, CallableAfter&& post)
    {
        ForEachNodeThen(FullyConnectedOnly, pre, post);
    }

    template<typename Condition, typename Callable, typename CallableAfter>
    void ForEachNodeThen(const Condition& cond, Callable&& pre, CallableAfter&& post) const
    {
        LOCK(m_nodes_mutex);
        for (auto&& node : m_nodes) {
            if (cond(node))
                pre(node);
        }
        post();
    };

    template<typename Callable, typename CallableAfter>
    void ForEachNodeThen(Callable&& pre, CallableAfter&& post) const
    {
        ForEachNodeThen(FullyConnectedOnly, pre, post);
    }

    // Addrman functions
    /**
     * Return all or many randomly selected addresses, optionally by network.
     *
     * @param[in] max_addresses  Maximum number of addresses to return (0 = all).
     * @param[in] max_pct        Maximum percentage of addresses to return (0 = all).
     * @param[in] network        Select only addresses of this network (nullopt = all).
     */
    std::vector<CAddress> GetAddresses(size_t max_addresses, size_t max_pct, std::optional<Network> network) const;

    /**
     * Cache is used to minimize topology leaks, so it should
     * be used for all non-trusted calls, for example, p2p.
     * A non-malicious call (from RPC or a peer with addr permission) should
     * call the function without a parameter to avoid using the cache.
     */
    std::vector<CAddress> GetAddresses(CNode& requestor, size_t max_addresses, size_t max_pct);

    // This allows temporarily exceeding m_max_outbound_full_relay, with the goal of finding
    // a peer that is better than all our current peers.
    void SetTryNewOutboundPeer(bool flag);
    bool GetTryNewOutboundPeer() const;

    void StartExtraBlockRelayPeers() {
        LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "net: enabling extra block-relay-only peers\n");
        m_start_extra_block_relay_peers = true;
    }

    // Return the number of outbound peers we have in excess of our target (eg,
    // if we previously called SetTryNewOutboundPeer(true), and have since set
    // to false, we may have extra peers that we wish to disconnect). This may
    // return a value less than (num_outbound_connections - num_outbound_slots)
    // in cases where some outbound connections are not yet fully connected, or
    // not yet fully disconnected.
    int GetExtraFullOutboundCount() const;
    // Count the number of block-relay-only peers we have over our limit.
    int GetExtraBlockRelayCount() const;

    bool AddNode(const std::string& node) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_added_nodes_mutex);
    bool RemoveAddedNode(const std::string& node) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_added_nodes_mutex);
    std::vector<AddedNodeInfo> GetAddedNodeInfo() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_added_nodes_mutex);

    /**
     * Attempts to open a connection. Currently only used from tests.
     *
     * @param[in]   address     Address of node to try connecting to
     * @param[in]   conn_type   ConnectionType::OUTBOUND or ConnectionType::BLOCK_RELAY
     *                          or ConnectionType::ADDR_FETCH
     * @return      bool        Returns false if there are no available
     *                          slots for this connection:
     *                          - conn_type not a supported ConnectionType
     *                          - Max total outbound connection capacity filled
     *                          - Max connection capacity for type is filled
     */
    bool AddConnection(const std::string& address, ConnectionType conn_type)
        EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_unused_i2p_sessions_mutex, !mutexMsgProc);

    bool AddPendingMasternode(const uint256& proTxHash);
    void SetMasternodeQuorumNodes(Consensus::LLMQType llmqType, const uint256& quorumHash, const std::set<uint256>& proTxHashes);
    void SetMasternodeQuorumRelayMembers(Consensus::LLMQType llmqType, const uint256& quorumHash, const std::set<uint256>& proTxHashes);
    bool HasMasternodeQuorumNodes(Consensus::LLMQType llmqType, const uint256& quorumHash);
    std::set<uint256> GetMasternodeQuorums(Consensus::LLMQType llmqType);
    // also returns QWATCH nodes
    std::set<NodeId> GetMasternodeQuorumNodes(Consensus::LLMQType llmqType, const uint256& quorumHash) const;
    void RemoveMasternodeQuorumNodes(Consensus::LLMQType llmqType, const uint256& quorumHash);
    bool IsMasternodeQuorumNode(const CNode* pnode, const CDeterministicMNList& tip_mn_list);
    bool IsMasternodeQuorumRelayMember(const uint256& protxHash);
    void AddPendingProbeConnections(const std::set<uint256>& proTxHashes);

    size_t GetNodeCount(ConnectionDirection) const;
    size_t GetMaxOutboundNodeCount();
    void GetNodeStats(std::vector<CNodeStats>& vstats) const;
    bool DisconnectNode(const std::string& node);
    bool DisconnectNode(const CSubNet& subnet);
    bool DisconnectNode(const CNetAddr& addr);
    bool DisconnectNode(NodeId id);

    //! Used to convey which local services we are offering peers during node
    //! connection.
    //!
    //! The data returned by this is used in CNode construction,
    //! which is used to advertise which services we are offering
    //! that peer during `net_processing.cpp:PushNodeVersion()`.
    ServiceFlags GetLocalServices() const;

    uint64_t GetMaxOutboundTarget() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_total_bytes_sent_mutex);
    std::chrono::seconds GetMaxOutboundTimeframe() const;

    //! check if the outbound target is reached
    //! if param historicalBlockServingLimit is set true, the function will
    //! response true if the limit for serving historical blocks has been reached
    bool OutboundTargetReached(bool historicalBlockServingLimit) const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_total_bytes_sent_mutex);

    //! response the bytes left in the current max outbound cycle
    //! in case of no limit, it will always response 0
    uint64_t GetOutboundTargetBytesLeft() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_total_bytes_sent_mutex);

    std::chrono::seconds GetMaxOutboundTimeLeftInCycle() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_total_bytes_sent_mutex);

    uint64_t GetTotalBytesRecv() const;
    uint64_t GetTotalBytesSent() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_total_bytes_sent_mutex);

    /** Get a unique deterministic randomizer. */
    CSipHasher GetDeterministicRandomizer(uint64_t id) const;

    unsigned int GetReceiveFloodSize() const;

    void WakeMessageHandler() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!mutexMsgProc);

    /** Attempts to obfuscate tx time through exponentially distributed emitting.
        Works assuming that a single interval is used.
        Variable intervals will result in privacy decrease.
    */
    std::chrono::microseconds PoissonNextSendInbound(std::chrono::microseconds now, std::chrono::seconds average_interval);

    /** Return true if we should disconnect the peer for failing an inactivity check. */
    bool ShouldRunInactivityChecks(const CNode& node, std::chrono::seconds now) const;

    /**
     * RAII helper to atomically create a copy of `m_nodes` and add a reference
     * to each of the nodes. The nodes are released when this object is destroyed.
     */
    class NodesSnapshot
    {
    public:
        explicit NodesSnapshot(const CConnman& connman, std::function<bool(const CNode* pnode)> cond = AllNodes,
                               bool shuffle = false);
        ~NodesSnapshot();

        const std::vector<CNode*>& Nodes() const
        {
            return m_nodes_copy;
        }

    private:
        std::vector<CNode*> m_nodes_copy;
    };

private:
    struct ListenSocket {
    public:
        std::shared_ptr<Sock> sock;
        inline void AddSocketPermissionFlags(NetPermissionFlags& flags) const { NetPermissions::AddFlag(flags, m_permissions); }
        ListenSocket(std::shared_ptr<Sock> sock_, NetPermissionFlags permissions_)
            : sock{sock_}, m_permissions{permissions_}
        {
        }

    private:
        NetPermissionFlags m_permissions;
    };

    //! returns the time left in the current max outbound cycle
    //! in case of no limit, it will always return 0
    std::chrono::seconds GetMaxOutboundTimeLeftInCycle_() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(m_total_bytes_sent_mutex);

    bool BindListenPort(const CService& bindAddr, bilingual_str& strError, NetPermissionFlags permissions);
    bool Bind(const CService& addr, unsigned int flags, NetPermissionFlags permissions);
    bool InitBinds(const Options& options);

    void ThreadOpenAddedConnections()
        EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_added_nodes_mutex, !m_unused_i2p_sessions_mutex, !mutexMsgProc);
    void AddAddrFetch(const std::string& strDest) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_addr_fetches_mutex);
    void ProcessAddrFetch()
        EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_addr_fetches_mutex, !m_unused_i2p_sessions_mutex, !mutexMsgProc);
    void ThreadOpenConnections(const std::vector<std::string> connect, CDeterministicMNManager& dmnman)
        EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_addr_fetches_mutex, !m_added_nodes_mutex, !m_nodes_mutex, !m_unused_i2p_sessions_mutex, !mutexMsgProc);
    void ThreadMessageHandler() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!mutexMsgProc);
    void ThreadI2PAcceptIncoming(CMasternodeSync& mn_sync) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!mutexMsgProc);
    void AcceptConnection(const ListenSocket& hListenSocket, CMasternodeSync& mn_sync)
        EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!mutexMsgProc);

    /**
     * Create a `CNode` object from a socket that has just been accepted and add the node to
     * the `m_nodes` member.
     * @param[in] sock Connected socket to communicate with the peer.
     * @param[in] permissionFlags The peer's permissions.
     * @param[in] addr_bind The address and port at our side of the connection.
     * @param[in] addr The address and port at the peer's side of the connection.
     */
    void CreateNodeFromAcceptedSocket(std::unique_ptr<Sock>&& sock,
                                      NetPermissionFlags permissionFlags,
                                      const CAddress& addr_bind,
                                      const CAddress& addr,
                                      CMasternodeSync& mn_sync) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!mutexMsgProc);

    void DisconnectNodes();
    void NotifyNumConnectionsChanged(CMasternodeSync& mn_sync);
    void CalculateNumConnectionsChangedStats();
    /** Return true if the peer is inactive and should be disconnected. */
    bool InactivityCheck(const CNode& node) const;

    /**
     * Generate a collection of sockets to check for IO readiness.
     * @param[in] nodes Select from these nodes' sockets.
     * @param[out] recv_set Sockets to check for read readiness.
     * @param[out] send_set Sockets to check for write readiness.
     * @param[out] error_set Sockets to check for errors.
     * @return true if at least one socket is to be checked (the returned set is not empty)
     */
    bool GenerateSelectSet(const std::vector<CNode*>& nodes,
                           std::set<SOCKET>& recv_set,
                           std::set<SOCKET>& send_set,
                           std::set<SOCKET>& error_set);

    /**
     * Check which sockets are ready for IO.
     * @param[in] nodes Select from these nodes' sockets (in supported event methods).
     * @param[in] only_poll Permit zero timeout polling
     * @param[out] recv_set Sockets which are ready for read.
     * @param[out] send_set Sockets which are ready for write.
     * @param[out] error_set Sockets which have errors.
     * This calls `GenerateSelectSet()` to gather a list of sockets to check.
     */
    void SocketEvents(const std::vector<CNode*>& nodes,
                      std::set<SOCKET>& recv_set,
                      std::set<SOCKET>& send_set,
                      std::set<SOCKET>& error_set,
                      bool only_poll);

#ifdef USE_KQUEUE
    void SocketEventsKqueue(std::set<SOCKET>& recv_set,
                            std::set<SOCKET>& send_set,
                            std::set<SOCKET>& error_set,
                            bool only_poll);
#endif
#ifdef USE_EPOLL
    void SocketEventsEpoll(std::set<SOCKET>& recv_set,
                           std::set<SOCKET>& send_set,
                           std::set<SOCKET>& error_set,
                           bool only_poll);
#endif
#ifdef USE_POLL
    void SocketEventsPoll(const std::vector<CNode*>& nodes,
                          std::set<SOCKET>& recv_set,
                          std::set<SOCKET>& send_set,
                          std::set<SOCKET>& error_set,
                          bool only_poll);
#endif
    void SocketEventsSelect(const std::vector<CNode*>& nodes,
                            std::set<SOCKET>& recv_set,
                            std::set<SOCKET>& send_set,
                            std::set<SOCKET>& error_set,
                            bool only_poll);

    /**
     * Check connected and listening sockets for IO readiness and process them accordingly.
     */
    void SocketHandler(CMasternodeSync& mn_sync) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_total_bytes_sent_mutex, !mutexMsgProc);

    /**
     * Do the read/write for connected sockets that are ready for IO.
     * @param[in] recv_set Sockets that are ready for read.
     * @param[in] send_set Sockets that are ready for send.
     * @param[in] error_set Sockets that have an exceptional condition (error).
     */
    void SocketHandlerConnected(const std::set<SOCKET>& recv_set,
                                const std::set<SOCKET>& send_set,
                                const std::set<SOCKET>& error_set)
        EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_total_bytes_sent_mutex, !mutexMsgProc);

    /**
     * Accept incoming connections, one from each read-ready listening socket.
     * @param[in] recv_set Sockets that are ready for read.
     */
    void SocketHandlerListening(const std::set<SOCKET>& recv_set, CMasternodeSync& mn_sync)
        EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!mutexMsgProc);

    void ThreadSocketHandler(CMasternodeSync& mn_sync) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_total_bytes_sent_mutex, !mutexMsgProc);
    void ThreadDNSAddressSeed() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_addr_fetches_mutex, !m_nodes_mutex);
    void ThreadOpenMasternodeConnections(CDeterministicMNManager& dmnman, CMasternodeMetaMan& mn_metaman,
                                         CMasternodeSync& mn_sync)
        EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_addr_fetches_mutex, !m_nodes_mutex, !m_unused_i2p_sessions_mutex, !mutexMsgProc);

    uint64_t CalculateKeyedNetGroup(const CAddress& ad) const;

    CNode* FindNode(const CNetAddr& ip, bool fExcludeDisconnecting = true);
    CNode* FindNode(const CSubNet& subNet, bool fExcludeDisconnecting = true);
    CNode* FindNode(const std::string& addrName, bool fExcludeDisconnecting = true);
    CNode* FindNode(const CService& addr, bool fExcludeDisconnecting = true);

    /**
     * Determine whether we're already connected to a given address, in order to
     * avoid initiating duplicate connections.
     */
    bool AlreadyConnectedToAddress(const CAddress& addr);

    bool AttemptToEvictConnection();
    CNode* ConnectNode(CAddress addrConnect, const char *pszDest = nullptr, bool fCountFailure = false, ConnectionType conn_type = ConnectionType::OUTBOUND_FULL_RELAY)
        EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_unused_i2p_sessions_mutex);
    void AddWhitelistPermissionFlags(NetPermissionFlags& flags, const CNetAddr &addr) const;

    void DeleteNode(CNode* pnode);

    NodeId GetNewNodeId();

    size_t SocketSendData(CNode& node) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(node.cs_vSend);
    size_t SocketRecvData(CNode* pnode) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!mutexMsgProc);
    void DumpAddresses();

    // Network stats
    void RecordBytesRecv(uint64_t bytes);
    void RecordBytesSent(uint64_t bytes) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_total_bytes_sent_mutex);

    /**
     * Return vector of current BLOCK_RELAY peers.
     */
    std::vector<CAddress> GetCurrentBlockRelayOnlyConns() const;

    // Whether the node should be passed out in ForEach* callbacks
    static bool NodeFullyConnected(const CNode* pnode);

    // Network usage totals
    mutable Mutex m_total_bytes_sent_mutex;
    std::atomic<uint64_t> nTotalBytesRecv{0};
    uint64_t nTotalBytesSent GUARDED_BY(m_total_bytes_sent_mutex) {0};

    // outbound limit & stats
    uint64_t nMaxOutboundTotalBytesSentInCycle GUARDED_BY(m_total_bytes_sent_mutex) {0};
    std::chrono::seconds nMaxOutboundCycleStartTime GUARDED_BY(m_total_bytes_sent_mutex) {0};
    uint64_t nMaxOutboundLimit GUARDED_BY(m_total_bytes_sent_mutex);

    // P2P timeout in seconds
    std::chrono::seconds m_peer_connect_timeout;

    // Whitelisted ranges. Any node connecting from these is automatically
    // whitelisted (as well as those connecting to whitelisted binds).
    std::vector<NetWhitelistPermissions> vWhitelistedRange;

    unsigned int nSendBufferMaxSize{0};
    unsigned int nReceiveFloodSize{0};

    std::vector<ListenSocket> vhListenSocket;
    std::atomic<bool> fNetworkActive{true};
    bool fAddressesInitialized{false};
    AddrMan& addrman;
    std::deque<std::string> m_addr_fetches GUARDED_BY(m_addr_fetches_mutex);
    Mutex m_addr_fetches_mutex;
    std::vector<std::string> m_added_nodes GUARDED_BY(m_added_nodes_mutex);
    mutable Mutex m_added_nodes_mutex;
    std::vector<CNode*> m_nodes GUARDED_BY(m_nodes_mutex);
    std::list<CNode*> m_nodes_disconnected;
    mutable RecursiveMutex m_nodes_mutex;
    std::atomic<NodeId> nLastNodeId{0};
    unsigned int nPrevNodeCount{0};

    std::vector<uint256> vPendingMasternodes;
    mutable RecursiveMutex cs_vPendingMasternodes;
    std::map<std::pair<Consensus::LLMQType, uint256>, std::set<uint256>> masternodeQuorumNodes GUARDED_BY(cs_vPendingMasternodes);
    std::map<std::pair<Consensus::LLMQType, uint256>, std::set<uint256>> masternodeQuorumRelayMembers GUARDED_BY(cs_vPendingMasternodes);
    std::set<uint256> masternodePendingProbes GUARDED_BY(cs_vPendingMasternodes);

    mutable Mutex cs_mapSocketToNode;
    std::unordered_map<SOCKET, CNode*> mapSocketToNode GUARDED_BY(cs_mapSocketToNode);

    /**
     * Cache responses to addr requests to minimize privacy leak.
     * Attack example: scraping addrs in real-time may allow an attacker
     * to infer new connections of the victim by detecting new records
     * with fresh timestamps (per self-announcement).
     */
    struct CachedAddrResponse {
        std::vector<CAddress> m_addrs_response_cache;
        std::chrono::microseconds m_cache_entry_expiration{0};
    };

    /**
     * Addr responses stored in different caches
     * per (network, local socket) prevent cross-network node identification.
     * If a node for example is multi-homed under Tor and IPv6,
     * a single cache (or no cache at all) would let an attacker
     * to easily detect that it is the same node by comparing responses.
     * Indexing by local socket prevents leakage when a node has multiple
     * listening addresses on the same network.
     *
     * The used memory equals to 1000 CAddress records (or around 40 bytes) per
     * distinct Network (up to 5) we have/had an inbound peer from,
     * resulting in at most ~196 KB. Every separate local socket may
     * add up to ~196 KB extra.
     */
    std::map<uint64_t, CachedAddrResponse> m_addr_response_caches;

    /**
     * Services this instance offers.
     *
     * This data is replicated in each CNode instance we create during peer
     * connection (in ConnectNode()) under a member also called
     * nLocalServices.
     *
     * This data is not marked const, but after being set it should not
     * change. See the note in CNode::nLocalServices documentation.
     *
     * \sa CNode::nLocalServices
     */
    ServiceFlags nLocalServices;

    std::unique_ptr<CSemaphore> semOutbound;
    std::unique_ptr<CSemaphore> semAddnode;
    int nMaxConnections;

    // How many full-relay (tx, block, addr) outbound peers we want
    int m_max_outbound_full_relay;

    // How many block-relay only outbound peers we want
    // We do not relay tx or addr messages with these peers
    int m_max_outbound_block_relay;

    int nMaxAddnode;
    int nMaxFeeler;
    int m_max_outbound;
    bool m_use_addrman_outgoing;
    CClientUIInterface* clientInterface;
    NetEventsInterface* m_msgproc;
    /** Pointer to this node's banman. May be nullptr - check existence before dereferencing. */
    BanMan* m_banman;

    /**
     * Addresses that were saved during the previous clean shutdown. We'll
     * attempt to make block-relay-only connections to them.
     */
    std::vector<CAddress> m_anchors;

    /** SipHasher seeds for deterministic randomness */
    const uint64_t nSeed0, nSeed1;

    /** flag for waking the message processor. */
    bool fMsgProcWake GUARDED_BY(mutexMsgProc);

    std::condition_variable condMsgProc;
    Mutex mutexMsgProc;
    std::atomic<bool> flagInterruptMsgProc{false};

    /**
     * This is signaled when network activity should cease.
     * A pointer to it is saved in `m_i2p_sam_session`, so make sure that
     * the lifetime of `interruptNet` is not shorter than
     * the lifetime of `m_i2p_sam_session`.
     */
    CThreadInterrupt interruptNet;

    /**
     * I2P SAM session.
     * Used to accept incoming and make outgoing I2P connections from a persistent
     * address.
     */
    std::unique_ptr<i2p::sam::Session> m_i2p_sam_session;

    SocketEventsMode socketEventsMode;
    std::unique_ptr<EdgeTriggeredEvents> m_edge_trig_events{nullptr};
    std::unique_ptr<WakeupPipe> m_wakeup_pipe{nullptr};

    template <typename Callable>
    void ToggleWakeupPipe(Callable&& func)
    {
        if (m_wakeup_pipe) {
            m_wakeup_pipe->Toggle(func);
        } else {
            func();
        }
    }

    Mutex cs_sendable_receivable_nodes;
    std::unordered_map<NodeId, CNode*> mapReceivableNodes GUARDED_BY(cs_sendable_receivable_nodes);
    std::unordered_map<NodeId, CNode*> mapSendableNodes GUARDED_BY(cs_sendable_receivable_nodes);
    /** Protected by cs_mapNodesWithDataToSend */
    std::unordered_map<NodeId, CNode*> mapNodesWithDataToSend GUARDED_BY(cs_mapNodesWithDataToSend);
    mutable RecursiveMutex cs_mapNodesWithDataToSend;

    std::thread threadDNSAddressSeed;
    std::thread threadSocketHandler;
    std::thread threadOpenAddedConnections;
    std::thread threadOpenConnections;
    std::thread threadOpenMasternodeConnections;
    std::thread threadMessageHandler;
    std::thread threadI2PAcceptIncoming;

    /** flag for deciding to connect to an extra outbound peer,
     *  in excess of m_max_outbound_full_relay
     *  This takes the place of a feeler connection */
    std::atomic_bool m_try_another_outbound_peer;

    /** flag for initiating extra block-relay-only peer connections.
     *  this should only be enabled after initial chain sync has occurred,
     *  as these connections are intended to be short-lived and low-bandwidth.
     */
    std::atomic_bool m_start_extra_block_relay_peers{false};

    std::atomic<std::chrono::microseconds> m_next_send_inv_to_incoming{0us};

    /**
     * A vector of -bind=<address>:<port>=onion arguments each of which is
     * an address and port that are designated for incoming Tor connections.
     */
    std::vector<CService> m_onion_binds;

    /**
     * Mutex protecting m_i2p_sam_sessions.
     */
    Mutex m_unused_i2p_sessions_mutex;

    /**
     * A pool of created I2P SAM transient sessions that should be used instead
     * of creating new ones in order to reduce the load on the I2P network.
     * Creating a session in I2P is not cheap, thus if this is not empty, then
     * pick an entry from it instead of creating a new session. If connecting to
     * a host fails, then the created session is put to this pool for reuse.
     */
    std::queue<std::unique_ptr<i2p::sam::Session>> m_unused_i2p_sessions GUARDED_BY(m_unused_i2p_sessions_mutex);

    /**
     * Cap on the size of `m_unused_i2p_sessions`, to ensure it does not
     * unexpectedly use too much memory.
     */
    static constexpr size_t MAX_UNUSED_I2P_SESSIONS_SIZE{10};

    friend struct CConnmanTest;
    friend struct ConnmanTestMsg;
};

/** Return a timestamp in the future (in microseconds) for exponentially distributed events. */
std::chrono::microseconds PoissonNextSend(std::chrono::microseconds now, std::chrono::seconds average_interval);

/** Dump binary message to file, with timestamp */
void CaptureMessageToFile(const CAddress& addr,
                          const std::string& msg_type,
                          Span<const unsigned char> data,
                          bool is_incoming);

/** Defaults to `CaptureMessageToFile()`, but can be overridden by unit tests. */
extern std::function<void(const CAddress& addr,
                          const std::string& msg_type,
                          Span<const unsigned char> data,
                          bool is_incoming)>
    CaptureMessage;

struct NodeEvictionCandidate
{
    NodeId id;
    std::chrono::seconds m_connected;
    std::chrono::microseconds m_min_ping_time;
    std::chrono::seconds m_last_block_time;
    std::chrono::seconds m_last_tx_time;
    bool fRelevantServices;
    bool m_relay_txs;
    bool fBloomFilter;
    uint64_t nKeyedNetGroup;
    bool prefer_evict;
    bool m_is_local;
    Network m_network;
};

/**
 * Select an inbound peer to evict after filtering out (protecting) peers having
 * distinct, difficult-to-forge characteristics. The protection logic picks out
 * fixed numbers of desirable peers per various criteria, followed by (mostly)
 * ratios of desirable or disadvantaged peers. If any eviction candidates
 * remain, the selection logic chooses a peer to evict.
 */
[[nodiscard]] std::optional<NodeId> SelectNodeToEvict(std::vector<NodeEvictionCandidate>&& vEvictionCandidates);

class CExplicitNetCleanup
{
public:
    static void callCleanup();
};

extern RecursiveMutex cs_main;

void EraseObjectRequest(NodeId nodeId, const CInv& inv) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
void RequestObject(NodeId nodeId, const CInv& inv, std::chrono::microseconds current_time, bool is_masternode, bool fForce=false) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
size_t GetRequestedObjectCount(NodeId nodeId) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);

/** Protect desirable or disadvantaged inbound peers from eviction by ratio.
 *
 * This function protects half of the peers which have been connected the
 * longest, to replicate the non-eviction implicit behavior and preclude attacks
 * that start later.
 *
 * Half of these protected spots (1/4 of the total) are reserved for the
 * following categories of peers, sorted by longest uptime, even if they're not
 * longest uptime overall:
 *
 * - onion peers connected via our tor control service
 *
 * - localhost peers, as manually configured hidden services not using
 *   `-bind=addr[:port]=onion` will not be detected as inbound onion connections
 *
 * - I2P peers
 *
 * - CJDNS peers
 *
 * This helps protect these privacy network peers, which tend to be otherwise
 * disadvantaged under our eviction criteria for their higher min ping times
 * relative to IPv4/IPv6 peers, and favorise the diversity of peer connections.
 */
void ProtectEvictionCandidatesByRatio(std::vector<NodeEvictionCandidate>& vEvictionCandidates);

#endif // BITCOIN_NET_H