neobytes/src/validation.cpp

// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
// Copyright (c) 2009-2015 The Bitcoin Core developers
// Copyright (c) 2014-2017 The Dash Core developers
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

#include "validation.h"

#include "alert.h"
#include "arith_uint256.h"
#include "chainparams.h"
#include "checkpoints.h"
#include "checkqueue.h"
#include "consensus/consensus.h"
#include "consensus/merkle.h"
#include "consensus/validation.h"
#include "hash.h"
#include "init.h"
#include "policy/fees.h"
#include "policy/policy.h"
#include "pow.h"
#include "primitives/block.h"
#include "primitives/transaction.h"
#include "random.h"
#include "script/script.h"
#include "script/sigcache.h"
#include "script/standard.h"
#include "timedata.h"
#include "tinyformat.h"
#include "txdb.h"
#include "txmempool.h"
#include "ui_interface.h"
#include "undo.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "spork.h"
#include "utilmoneystr.h"
#include "utilstrencodings.h"
#include "validationinterface.h"
#include "versionbits.h"

#include "instantx.h"
#include "masternodeman.h"
#include "masternode-payments.h"

#include <sstream>

#include <boost/algorithm/string/replace.hpp>
#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
#include <boost/filesystem/fstream.hpp>
#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
#include <boost/math/distributions/poisson.hpp>
#include <boost/thread.hpp>

using namespace std;

#if defined(NDEBUG)
# error "Dash Core cannot be compiled without assertions."
#endif

/**
 * Global state
 */

CCriticalSection cs_main;

BlockMap mapBlockIndex;
CChain chainActive;
CBlockIndex *pindexBestHeader = NULL;
CWaitableCriticalSection csBestBlock;
CConditionVariable cvBlockChange;
int nScriptCheckThreads = 0;
bool fImporting = false;
bool fReindex = false;
bool fTxIndex = true;
bool fAddressIndex = false;
bool fTimestampIndex = false;
bool fSpentIndex = false;
bool fHavePruned = false;
bool fPruneMode = false;
bool fIsBareMultisigStd = DEFAULT_PERMIT_BAREMULTISIG;
bool fRequireStandard = true;
unsigned int nBytesPerSigOp = DEFAULT_BYTES_PER_SIGOP;
bool fCheckBlockIndex = false;
bool fCheckpointsEnabled = DEFAULT_CHECKPOINTS_ENABLED;
size_t nCoinCacheUsage = 5000 * 300;
uint64_t nPruneTarget = 0;
bool fAlerts = DEFAULT_ALERTS;
int64_t nMaxTipAge = DEFAULT_MAX_TIP_AGE;
bool fEnableReplacement = DEFAULT_ENABLE_REPLACEMENT;

std::atomic<bool> fDIP0001WasLockedIn{false};
std::atomic<bool> fDIP0001ActiveAtTip{false};

uint256 hashAssumeValid;

CFeeRate minRelayTxFee = CFeeRate(DEFAULT_MIN_RELAY_TX_FEE);
CAmount maxTxFee = DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_MAXFEE;

CTxMemPool mempool(::minRelayTxFee);
FeeFilterRounder filterRounder(::minRelayTxFee);
map<uint256, int64_t> mapRejectedBlocks GUARDED_BY(cs_main);

/**
 * Returns true if there are nRequired or more blocks of minVersion or above
 * in the last Consensus::Params::nMajorityWindow blocks, starting at pstart and going backwards.
 */
static bool IsSuperMajority(int minVersion, const CBlockIndex* pstart, unsigned nRequired, const Consensus::Params& consensusParams);
static void CheckBlockIndex(const Consensus::Params& consensusParams);

/** Constant stuff for coinbase transactions we create: */
CScript COINBASE_FLAGS;

const string strMessageMagic = "DarkCoin Signed Message:\n";

// Internal stuff
namespace {

    struct CBlockIndexWorkComparator
    {
        bool operator()(CBlockIndex *pa, CBlockIndex *pb) const {
            // First sort by most total work, ...
            if (pa->nChainWork > pb->nChainWork) return false;
            if (pa->nChainWork < pb->nChainWork) return true;

            // ... then by earliest time received, ...
            if (pa->nSequenceId < pb->nSequenceId) return false;
            if (pa->nSequenceId > pb->nSequenceId) return true;

            // Use pointer address as tie breaker (should only happen with blocks
            // loaded from disk, as those all have id 0).
            if (pa < pb) return false;
            if (pa > pb) return true;

            // Identical blocks.
            return false;
        }
    };

    CBlockIndex *pindexBestInvalid;

    /**
     * The set of all CBlockIndex entries with BLOCK_VALID_TRANSACTIONS (for itself and all ancestors) and
     * as good as our current tip or better. Entries may be failed, though, and pruning nodes may be
     * missing the data for the block.
     */
    set<CBlockIndex*, CBlockIndexWorkComparator> setBlockIndexCandidates;
    /** All pairs A->B, where A (or one of its ancestors) misses transactions, but B has transactions.
     * Pruned nodes may have entries where B is missing data.
     */
    multimap<CBlockIndex*, CBlockIndex*> mapBlocksUnlinked;

    CCriticalSection cs_LastBlockFile;
    std::vector<CBlockFileInfo> vinfoBlockFile;
    int nLastBlockFile = 0;
    /** Global flag to indicate we should check to see if there are
     *  block/undo files that should be deleted.  Set on startup
     *  or if we allocate more file space when we're in prune mode
     */
    bool fCheckForPruning = false;

    /**
     * Every received block is assigned a unique and increasing identifier, so we
     * know which one to give priority in case of a fork.
     */
    CCriticalSection cs_nBlockSequenceId;
    /** Blocks loaded from disk are assigned id 0, so start the counter at 1. */
    uint32_t nBlockSequenceId = 1;

    /** Dirty block index entries. */
    set<CBlockIndex*> setDirtyBlockIndex;

    /** Dirty block file entries. */
    set<int> setDirtyFileInfo;
} // anon namespace

CBlockIndex* FindForkInGlobalIndex(const CChain& chain, const CBlockLocator& locator)
{
    // Find the first block the caller has in the main chain
    BOOST_FOREACH(const uint256& hash, locator.vHave) {
        BlockMap::iterator mi = mapBlockIndex.find(hash);
        if (mi != mapBlockIndex.end())
        {
            CBlockIndex* pindex = (*mi).second;
            if (chain.Contains(pindex))
                return pindex;
        }
    }
    return chain.Genesis();
}

CCoinsViewDB *pcoinsdbview = NULL;
CCoinsViewCache *pcoinsTip = NULL;
CBlockTreeDB *pblocktree = NULL;

enum FlushStateMode {
    FLUSH_STATE_NONE,
    FLUSH_STATE_IF_NEEDED,
    FLUSH_STATE_PERIODIC,
    FLUSH_STATE_ALWAYS
};

// See definition for documentation
bool static FlushStateToDisk(CValidationState &state, FlushStateMode mode);

bool IsFinalTx(const CTransaction &tx, int nBlockHeight, int64_t nBlockTime)
{
    if (tx.nLockTime == 0)
        return true;
    if ((int64_t)tx.nLockTime < ((int64_t)tx.nLockTime < LOCKTIME_THRESHOLD ? (int64_t)nBlockHeight : nBlockTime))
        return true;
    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn& txin, tx.vin) {
        if (!(txin.nSequence == CTxIn::SEQUENCE_FINAL))
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

bool CheckFinalTx(const CTransaction &tx, int flags)
{
    AssertLockHeld(cs_main);

    // By convention a negative value for flags indicates that the
    // current network-enforced consensus rules should be used. In
    // a future soft-fork scenario that would mean checking which
    // rules would be enforced for the next block and setting the
    // appropriate flags. At the present time no soft-forks are
    // scheduled, so no flags are set.
    flags = std::max(flags, 0);

    // CheckFinalTx() uses chainActive.Height()+1 to evaluate
    // nLockTime because when IsFinalTx() is called within
    // CBlock::AcceptBlock(), the height of the block *being*
    // evaluated is what is used. Thus if we want to know if a
    // transaction can be part of the *next* block, we need to call
    // IsFinalTx() with one more than chainActive.Height().
    const int nBlockHeight = chainActive.Height() + 1;

    // BIP113 will require that time-locked transactions have nLockTime set to
    // less than the median time of the previous block they're contained in.
    // When the next block is created its previous block will be the current
    // chain tip, so we use that to calculate the median time passed to
    // IsFinalTx() if LOCKTIME_MEDIAN_TIME_PAST is set.
    const int64_t nBlockTime = (flags & LOCKTIME_MEDIAN_TIME_PAST)
                             ? chainActive.Tip()->GetMedianTimePast()
                             : GetAdjustedTime();

    return IsFinalTx(tx, nBlockHeight, nBlockTime);
}

/**
 * Calculates the block height and previous block's median time past at
 * which the transaction will be considered final in the context of BIP 68.
 * Also removes from the vector of input heights any entries which did not
 * correspond to sequence locked inputs as they do not affect the calculation.
 */
static std::pair<int, int64_t> CalculateSequenceLocks(const CTransaction &tx, int flags, std::vector<int>* prevHeights, const CBlockIndex& block)
{
    assert(prevHeights->size() == tx.vin.size());

    // Will be set to the equivalent height- and time-based nLockTime
    // values that would be necessary to satisfy all relative lock-
    // time constraints given our view of block chain history.
    // The semantics of nLockTime are the last invalid height/time, so
    // use -1 to have the effect of any height or time being valid.
    int nMinHeight = -1;
    int64_t nMinTime = -1;

    // tx.nVersion is signed integer so requires cast to unsigned otherwise
    // we would be doing a signed comparison and half the range of nVersion
    // wouldn't support BIP 68.
    bool fEnforceBIP68 = static_cast<uint32_t>(tx.nVersion) >= 2
                      && flags & LOCKTIME_VERIFY_SEQUENCE;

    // Do not enforce sequence numbers as a relative lock time
    // unless we have been instructed to
    if (!fEnforceBIP68) {
        return std::make_pair(nMinHeight, nMinTime);
    }

    for (size_t txinIndex = 0; txinIndex < tx.vin.size(); txinIndex++) {
        const CTxIn& txin = tx.vin[txinIndex];

        // Sequence numbers with the most significant bit set are not
        // treated as relative lock-times, nor are they given any
        // consensus-enforced meaning at this point.
        if (txin.nSequence & CTxIn::SEQUENCE_LOCKTIME_DISABLE_FLAG) {
            // The height of this input is not relevant for sequence locks
            (*prevHeights)[txinIndex] = 0;
            continue;
        }

        int nCoinHeight = (*prevHeights)[txinIndex];

        if (txin.nSequence & CTxIn::SEQUENCE_LOCKTIME_TYPE_FLAG) {
            int64_t nCoinTime = block.GetAncestor(std::max(nCoinHeight-1, 0))->GetMedianTimePast();
            // NOTE: Subtract 1 to maintain nLockTime semantics
            // BIP 68 relative lock times have the semantics of calculating
            // the first block or time at which the transaction would be
            // valid. When calculating the effective block time or height
            // for the entire transaction, we switch to using the
            // semantics of nLockTime which is the last invalid block
            // time or height.  Thus we subtract 1 from the calculated
            // time or height.

            // Time-based relative lock-times are measured from the
            // smallest allowed timestamp of the block containing the
            // txout being spent, which is the median time past of the
            // block prior.
            nMinTime = std::max(nMinTime, nCoinTime + (int64_t)((txin.nSequence & CTxIn::SEQUENCE_LOCKTIME_MASK) << CTxIn::SEQUENCE_LOCKTIME_GRANULARITY) - 1);
        } else {
            nMinHeight = std::max(nMinHeight, nCoinHeight + (int)(txin.nSequence & CTxIn::SEQUENCE_LOCKTIME_MASK) - 1);
        }
    }

    return std::make_pair(nMinHeight, nMinTime);
}

static bool EvaluateSequenceLocks(const CBlockIndex& block, std::pair<int, int64_t> lockPair)
{
    assert(block.pprev);
    int64_t nBlockTime = block.pprev->GetMedianTimePast();
    if (lockPair.first >= block.nHeight || lockPair.second >= nBlockTime)
        return false;

    return true;
}

bool SequenceLocks(const CTransaction &tx, int flags, std::vector<int>* prevHeights, const CBlockIndex& block)
{
    return EvaluateSequenceLocks(block, CalculateSequenceLocks(tx, flags, prevHeights, block));
}

bool TestLockPointValidity(const LockPoints* lp)
{
    AssertLockHeld(cs_main);
    assert(lp);
    // If there are relative lock times then the maxInputBlock will be set
    // If there are no relative lock times, the LockPoints don't depend on the chain
    if (lp->maxInputBlock) {
        // Check whether chainActive is an extension of the block at which the LockPoints
        // calculation was valid.  If not LockPoints are no longer valid
        if (!chainActive.Contains(lp->maxInputBlock)) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    // LockPoints still valid
    return true;
}

bool CheckSequenceLocks(const CTransaction &tx, int flags, LockPoints* lp, bool useExistingLockPoints)
{
    AssertLockHeld(cs_main);
    AssertLockHeld(mempool.cs);

    CBlockIndex* tip = chainActive.Tip();
    CBlockIndex index;
    index.pprev = tip;
    // CheckSequenceLocks() uses chainActive.Height()+1 to evaluate
    // height based locks because when SequenceLocks() is called within
    // ConnectBlock(), the height of the block *being*
    // evaluated is what is used.
    // Thus if we want to know if a transaction can be part of the
    // *next* block, we need to use one more than chainActive.Height()
    index.nHeight = tip->nHeight + 1;

    std::pair<int, int64_t> lockPair;
    if (useExistingLockPoints) {
        assert(lp);
        lockPair.first = lp->height;
        lockPair.second = lp->time;
    }
    else {
        // pcoinsTip contains the UTXO set for chainActive.Tip()
        CCoinsViewMemPool viewMemPool(pcoinsTip, mempool);
        std::vector<int> prevheights;
        prevheights.resize(tx.vin.size());
        for (size_t txinIndex = 0; txinIndex < tx.vin.size(); txinIndex++) {
            const CTxIn& txin = tx.vin[txinIndex];
            Coin coin;
            if (!viewMemPool.GetCoin(txin.prevout, coin)) {
                return error("%s: Missing input", __func__);
            }
            if (coin.nHeight == MEMPOOL_HEIGHT) {
                // Assume all mempool transaction confirm in the next block
                prevheights[txinIndex] = tip->nHeight + 1;
            } else {
                prevheights[txinIndex] = coin.nHeight;
            }
        }
        lockPair = CalculateSequenceLocks(tx, flags, &prevheights, index);
        if (lp) {
            lp->height = lockPair.first;
            lp->time = lockPair.second;
            // Also store the hash of the block with the highest height of
            // all the blocks which have sequence locked prevouts.
            // This hash needs to still be on the chain
            // for these LockPoint calculations to be valid
            // Note: It is impossible to correctly calculate a maxInputBlock
            // if any of the sequence locked inputs depend on unconfirmed txs,
            // except in the special case where the relative lock time/height
            // is 0, which is equivalent to no sequence lock. Since we assume
            // input height of tip+1 for mempool txs and test the resulting
            // lockPair from CalculateSequenceLocks against tip+1.  We know
            // EvaluateSequenceLocks will fail if there was a non-zero sequence
            // lock on a mempool input, so we can use the return value of
            // CheckSequenceLocks to indicate the LockPoints validity
            int maxInputHeight = 0;
            BOOST_FOREACH(int height, prevheights) {
                // Can ignore mempool inputs since we'll fail if they had non-zero locks
                if (height != tip->nHeight+1) {
                    maxInputHeight = std::max(maxInputHeight, height);
                }
            }
            lp->maxInputBlock = tip->GetAncestor(maxInputHeight);
        }
    }
    return EvaluateSequenceLocks(index, lockPair);
}


unsigned int GetLegacySigOpCount(const CTransaction& tx)
{
    unsigned int nSigOps = 0;
    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn& txin, tx.vin)
    {
        nSigOps += txin.scriptSig.GetSigOpCount(false);
    }
    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxOut& txout, tx.vout)
    {
        nSigOps += txout.scriptPubKey.GetSigOpCount(false);
    }
    return nSigOps;
}

unsigned int GetP2SHSigOpCount(const CTransaction& tx, const CCoinsViewCache& inputs)
{
    if (tx.IsCoinBase())
        return 0;

    unsigned int nSigOps = 0;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < tx.vin.size(); i++)
    {
        const Coin& coin = inputs.AccessCoin(tx.vin[i].prevout);
        assert(!coin.IsSpent());
        const CTxOut &prevout = coin.out;
        if (prevout.scriptPubKey.IsPayToScriptHash())
            nSigOps += prevout.scriptPubKey.GetSigOpCount(tx.vin[i].scriptSig);
    }
    return nSigOps;
}

bool GetUTXOCoin(const COutPoint& outpoint, Coin& coin)
{
    LOCK(cs_main);
    if (!pcoinsTip->GetCoin(outpoint, coin))
        return false;
    if (coin.IsSpent())
        return false;
    return true;
}

int GetUTXOHeight(const COutPoint& outpoint)
{
    // -1 means UTXO is yet unknown or already spent
    Coin coin;
    return GetUTXOCoin(outpoint, coin) ? coin.nHeight : -1;
}

int GetUTXOConfirmations(const COutPoint& outpoint)
{
    // -1 means UTXO is yet unknown or already spent
    LOCK(cs_main);
    int nPrevoutHeight = GetUTXOHeight(outpoint);
    return (nPrevoutHeight > -1 && chainActive.Tip()) ? chainActive.Height() - nPrevoutHeight + 1 : -1;
}


bool CheckTransaction(const CTransaction& tx, CValidationState &state)
{
    // Basic checks that don't depend on any context
    if (tx.vin.empty())
        return state.DoS(10, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-vin-empty");
    if (tx.vout.empty())
        return state.DoS(10, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-vout-empty");
    // Size limits
    if (::GetSerializeSize(tx, SER_NETWORK, PROTOCOL_VERSION) > MAX_LEGACY_BLOCK_SIZE)
        return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-oversize");

    // Check for negative or overflow output values
    CAmount nValueOut = 0;
    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxOut& txout, tx.vout)
    {
        if (txout.nValue < 0)
            return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-vout-negative");
        if (txout.nValue > MAX_MONEY)
            return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-vout-toolarge");
        nValueOut += txout.nValue;
        if (!MoneyRange(nValueOut))
            return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-txouttotal-toolarge");
    }

    // Check for duplicate inputs
    set<COutPoint> vInOutPoints;
    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn& txin, tx.vin)
    {
        if (vInOutPoints.count(txin.prevout))
            return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-inputs-duplicate");
        vInOutPoints.insert(txin.prevout);
    }

    if (tx.IsCoinBase())
    {
        if (tx.vin[0].scriptSig.size() < 2 || tx.vin[0].scriptSig.size() > 100)
            return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-cb-length");
    }
    else
    {
        BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn& txin, tx.vin)
            if (txin.prevout.IsNull())
                return state.DoS(10, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-prevout-null");
    }

    return true;
}

bool ContextualCheckTransaction(const CTransaction& tx, CValidationState &state, CBlockIndex * const pindexPrev)
{
    bool fDIP0001Active_context = (VersionBitsState(pindexPrev, Params().GetConsensus(), Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_DIP0001, versionbitscache) == THRESHOLD_ACTIVE);

    // Size limits
    if (fDIP0001Active_context && ::GetSerializeSize(tx, SER_NETWORK, PROTOCOL_VERSION) > MAX_STANDARD_TX_SIZE)
        return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-oversize");

    return true;
}

void LimitMempoolSize(CTxMemPool& pool, size_t limit, unsigned long age) {
    int expired = pool.Expire(GetTime() - age);
    if (expired != 0)
        LogPrint("mempool", "Expired %i transactions from the memory pool\n", expired);

    std::vector<COutPoint> vNoSpendsRemaining;
    pool.TrimToSize(limit, &vNoSpendsRemaining);
    BOOST_FOREACH(const COutPoint& removed, vNoSpendsRemaining)
        pcoinsTip->Uncache(removed);
}

/** Convert CValidationState to a human-readable message for logging */
std::string FormatStateMessage(const CValidationState &state)
{
    return strprintf("%s%s (code %i)",
        state.GetRejectReason(),
        state.GetDebugMessage().empty() ? "" : ", "+state.GetDebugMessage(),
        state.GetRejectCode());
}

bool AcceptToMemoryPoolWorker(CTxMemPool& pool, CValidationState& state, const CTransaction& tx, bool fLimitFree,
                              bool* pfMissingInputs, CFeeRate* txFeeRate, bool fOverrideMempoolLimit, const CAmount& nAbsurdFee,
                              std::vector<COutPoint>& coins_to_uncache, bool fDryRun)
{
    const uint256 hash = tx.GetHash();
    AssertLockHeld(cs_main);
    if (pfMissingInputs)
        *pfMissingInputs = false;

    if (!CheckTransaction(tx, state))
        return false; // state filled in by CheckTransaction

    if (!ContextualCheckTransaction(tx, state, chainActive.Tip()))
        return error("%s: ContextualCheckTransaction: %s, %s", __func__, hash.ToString(), FormatStateMessage(state));

    // Coinbase is only valid in a block, not as a loose transaction
    if (tx.IsCoinBase())
        return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "coinbase");

    // Rather not work on nonstandard transactions (unless -testnet/-regtest)
    string reason;
    if (fRequireStandard && !IsStandardTx(tx, reason))
        return state.DoS(0, false, REJECT_NONSTANDARD, reason);

    // Don't relay version 2 transactions until CSV is active, and we can be
    // sure that such transactions will be mined (unless we're on
    // -testnet/-regtest).
    const CChainParams& chainparams = Params();
    if (fRequireStandard && tx.nVersion >= 2 && VersionBitsTipState(chainparams.GetConsensus(), Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV) != THRESHOLD_ACTIVE) {
        return state.DoS(0, false, REJECT_NONSTANDARD, "premature-version2-tx");
    }

    // Only accept nLockTime-using transactions that can be mined in the next
    // block; we don't want our mempool filled up with transactions that can't
    // be mined yet.
    if (!CheckFinalTx(tx, STANDARD_LOCKTIME_VERIFY_FLAGS))
        return state.DoS(0, false, REJECT_NONSTANDARD, "non-final");

    // is it already in the memory pool?
    if (pool.exists(hash))
        return state.Invalid(false, REJECT_ALREADY_KNOWN, "txn-already-in-mempool");

    // If this is a Transaction Lock Request check to see if it's valid
    if(instantsend.HasTxLockRequest(hash) && !CTxLockRequest(tx).IsValid())
        return state.DoS(10, error("AcceptToMemoryPool : CTxLockRequest %s is invalid", hash.ToString()),
                            REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txlockrequest");

    // Check for conflicts with a completed Transaction Lock
    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn &txin, tx.vin)
    {
        uint256 hashLocked;
        if(instantsend.GetLockedOutPointTxHash(txin.prevout, hashLocked) && hash != hashLocked)
            return state.DoS(10, error("AcceptToMemoryPool : Transaction %s conflicts with completed Transaction Lock %s",
                                    hash.ToString(), hashLocked.ToString()),
                            REJECT_INVALID, "tx-txlock-conflict");
    }

    // Check for conflicts with in-memory transactions
    set<uint256> setConflicts;
    {
    LOCK(pool.cs); // protect pool.mapNextTx
    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn &txin, tx.vin)
    {
        if (pool.mapNextTx.count(txin.prevout))
        {
            const CTransaction *ptxConflicting = pool.mapNextTx[txin.prevout].ptx;
            if (!setConflicts.count(ptxConflicting->GetHash()))
            {
                // InstantSend txes are not replacable
                if(instantsend.HasTxLockRequest(ptxConflicting->GetHash())) {
                    // this tx conflicts with a Transaction Lock Request candidate
                    return state.DoS(0, error("AcceptToMemoryPool : Transaction %s conflicts with Transaction Lock Request %s",
                                            hash.ToString(), ptxConflicting->GetHash().ToString()),
                                    REJECT_INVALID, "tx-txlockreq-mempool-conflict");
                } else if (instantsend.HasTxLockRequest(hash)) {
                    // this tx is a tx lock request and it conflicts with a normal tx
                    return state.DoS(0, error("AcceptToMemoryPool : Transaction Lock Request %s conflicts with transaction %s",
                                            hash.ToString(), ptxConflicting->GetHash().ToString()),
                                    REJECT_INVALID, "txlockreq-tx-mempool-conflict");
                }
                // Allow opt-out of transaction replacement by setting
                // nSequence >= maxint-1 on all inputs.
                //
                // maxint-1 is picked to still allow use of nLockTime by
                // non-replacable transactions. All inputs rather than just one
                // is for the sake of multi-party protocols, where we don't
                // want a single party to be able to disable replacement.
                //
                // The opt-out ignores descendants as anyone relying on
                // first-seen mempool behavior should be checking all
                // unconfirmed ancestors anyway; doing otherwise is hopelessly
                // insecure.
                bool fReplacementOptOut = true;
                if (fEnableReplacement)
                {
                    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn &txin, ptxConflicting->vin)
                    {
                        if (txin.nSequence < std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max()-1)
                        {
                            fReplacementOptOut = false;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (fReplacementOptOut)
                    return state.Invalid(false, REJECT_CONFLICT, "txn-mempool-conflict");

                setConflicts.insert(ptxConflicting->GetHash());
            }
        }
    }
    }

    {
        CCoinsView dummy;
        CCoinsViewCache view(&dummy);

        CAmount nValueIn = 0;
        LockPoints lp;
        {
        LOCK(pool.cs);
        CCoinsViewMemPool viewMemPool(pcoinsTip, pool);
        view.SetBackend(viewMemPool);

        // do we already have it?
        for (size_t out = 0; out < tx.vout.size(); out++) {
            COutPoint outpoint(hash, out);
            bool had_coin_in_cache = pcoinsTip->HaveCoinInCache(outpoint);
            if (view.HaveCoin(outpoint)) {
                if (!had_coin_in_cache) {
                    coins_to_uncache.push_back(outpoint);
                }
                return state.Invalid(false, REJECT_ALREADY_KNOWN, "txn-already-known");
            }
        }

        // do all inputs exist?
        BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn txin, tx.vin) {
            if (!pcoinsTip->HaveCoinInCache(txin.prevout)) {
                coins_to_uncache.push_back(txin.prevout);
            }
            if (!view.HaveCoin(txin.prevout)) {
                if (pfMissingInputs) {
                    *pfMissingInputs = true;
                }
                return false; // fMissingInputs and !state.IsInvalid() is used to detect this condition, don't set state.Invalid()
            }
        }

        // Bring the best block into scope
        view.GetBestBlock();

        nValueIn = view.GetValueIn(tx);

        // we have all inputs cached now, so switch back to dummy, so we don't need to keep lock on mempool
        view.SetBackend(dummy);

        // Only accept BIP68 sequence locked transactions that can be mined in the next
        // block; we don't want our mempool filled up with transactions that can't
        // be mined yet.
        // Must keep pool.cs for this unless we change CheckSequenceLocks to take a
        // CoinsViewCache instead of create its own
        if (!CheckSequenceLocks(tx, STANDARD_LOCKTIME_VERIFY_FLAGS, &lp))
            return state.DoS(0, false, REJECT_NONSTANDARD, "non-BIP68-final");
        }

        // Check for non-standard pay-to-script-hash in inputs
        if (fRequireStandard && !AreInputsStandard(tx, view))
            return state.Invalid(false, REJECT_NONSTANDARD, "bad-txns-nonstandard-inputs");

        unsigned int nSigOps = GetLegacySigOpCount(tx);
        nSigOps += GetP2SHSigOpCount(tx, view);

        CAmount nValueOut = tx.GetValueOut();
        CAmount nFees = nValueIn-nValueOut;
        // nModifiedFees includes any fee deltas from PrioritiseTransaction
        CAmount nModifiedFees = nFees;
        double nPriorityDummy = 0;
        pool.ApplyDeltas(hash, nPriorityDummy, nModifiedFees);

        CAmount inChainInputValue;
        double dPriority = view.GetPriority(tx, chainActive.Height(), inChainInputValue);

        // Keep track of transactions that spend a coinbase, which we re-scan
        // during reorgs to ensure COINBASE_MATURITY is still met.
        bool fSpendsCoinbase = false;
        BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn &txin, tx.vin) {
            const Coin &coin = view.AccessCoin(txin.prevout);
            if (coin.IsCoinBase()) {
                fSpendsCoinbase = true;
                break;
            }
        }

        CTxMemPoolEntry entry(tx, nFees, GetTime(), dPriority, chainActive.Height(), pool.HasNoInputsOf(tx), inChainInputValue, fSpendsCoinbase, nSigOps, lp);
        unsigned int nSize = entry.GetTxSize();
        if (txFeeRate) {
            *txFeeRate = CFeeRate(nFees, nSize);
        }

        // Check that the transaction doesn't have an excessive number of
        // sigops, making it impossible to mine. Since the coinbase transaction
        // itself can contain sigops MAX_STANDARD_TX_SIGOPS is less than
        // MAX_BLOCK_SIGOPS; we still consider this an invalid rather than
        // merely non-standard transaction.
        if ((nSigOps > MAX_STANDARD_TX_SIGOPS) || (nBytesPerSigOp && nSigOps > nSize / nBytesPerSigOp))
            return state.DoS(0, false, REJECT_NONSTANDARD, "bad-txns-too-many-sigops", false,
                strprintf("%d", nSigOps));

        CAmount mempoolRejectFee = pool.GetMinFee(GetArg("-maxmempool", DEFAULT_MAX_MEMPOOL_SIZE) * 1000000).GetFee(nSize);
        if (mempoolRejectFee > 0 && nModifiedFees < mempoolRejectFee) {
            return state.DoS(0, false, REJECT_INSUFFICIENTFEE, "mempool min fee not met", false, strprintf("%d < %d", nFees, mempoolRejectFee));
        } else if (GetBoolArg("-relaypriority", DEFAULT_RELAYPRIORITY) && nModifiedFees < ::minRelayTxFee.GetFee(nSize) && !AllowFree(entry.GetPriority(chainActive.Height() + 1))) {
            // Require that free transactions have sufficient priority to be mined in the next block.
            return state.DoS(0, false, REJECT_INSUFFICIENTFEE, "insufficient priority");
        }

        // Continuously rate-limit free (really, very-low-fee) transactions
        // This mitigates 'penny-flooding' -- sending thousands of free transactions just to
        // be annoying or make others' transactions take longer to confirm.
        if (fLimitFree && nModifiedFees < ::minRelayTxFee.GetFee(nSize))
        {
            static CCriticalSection csFreeLimiter;
            static double dFreeCount;
            static int64_t nLastTime;
            int64_t nNow = GetTime();

            LOCK(csFreeLimiter);

            // Use an exponentially decaying ~10-minute window:
            dFreeCount *= pow(1.0 - 1.0/600.0, (double)(nNow - nLastTime));
            nLastTime = nNow;
            // -limitfreerelay unit is thousand-bytes-per-minute
            // At default rate it would take over a month to fill 1GB
            if (dFreeCount + nSize >= GetArg("-limitfreerelay", DEFAULT_LIMITFREERELAY) * 10 * 1000)
                return state.DoS(0, false, REJECT_INSUFFICIENTFEE, "rate limited free transaction");
            LogPrint("mempool", "Rate limit dFreeCount: %g => %g\n", dFreeCount, dFreeCount+nSize);
            dFreeCount += nSize;
        }

        if (nAbsurdFee && nFees > nAbsurdFee)
            return state.Invalid(false,
                REJECT_HIGHFEE, "absurdly-high-fee",
                strprintf("%d > %d", nFees, nAbsurdFee));

        // Calculate in-mempool ancestors, up to a limit.
        CTxMemPool::setEntries setAncestors;
        size_t nLimitAncestors = GetArg("-limitancestorcount", DEFAULT_ANCESTOR_LIMIT);
        size_t nLimitAncestorSize = GetArg("-limitancestorsize", DEFAULT_ANCESTOR_SIZE_LIMIT)*1000;
        size_t nLimitDescendants = GetArg("-limitdescendantcount", DEFAULT_DESCENDANT_LIMIT);
        size_t nLimitDescendantSize = GetArg("-limitdescendantsize", DEFAULT_DESCENDANT_SIZE_LIMIT)*1000;
        std::string errString;
        if (!pool.CalculateMemPoolAncestors(entry, setAncestors, nLimitAncestors, nLimitAncestorSize, nLimitDescendants, nLimitDescendantSize, errString)) {
            return state.DoS(0, false, REJECT_NONSTANDARD, "too-long-mempool-chain", false, errString);
        }

        // A transaction that spends outputs that would be replaced by it is invalid. Now
        // that we have the set of all ancestors we can detect this
        // pathological case by making sure setConflicts and setAncestors don't
        // intersect.
        BOOST_FOREACH(CTxMemPool::txiter ancestorIt, setAncestors)
        {
            const uint256 &hashAncestor = ancestorIt->GetTx().GetHash();
            if (setConflicts.count(hashAncestor))
            {
                return state.DoS(10, false,
                                 REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-spends-conflicting-tx", false,
                                 strprintf("%s spends conflicting transaction %s",
                                           hash.ToString(),
                                           hashAncestor.ToString()));
            }
        }

        // Check if it's economically rational to mine this transaction rather
        // than the ones it replaces.
        CAmount nConflictingFees = 0;
        size_t nConflictingSize = 0;
        uint64_t nConflictingCount = 0;
        CTxMemPool::setEntries allConflicting;

        // If we don't hold the lock allConflicting might be incomplete; the
        // subsequent RemoveStaged() and addUnchecked() calls don't guarantee
        // mempool consistency for us.
        LOCK(pool.cs);
        if (setConflicts.size())
        {
            CFeeRate newFeeRate(nModifiedFees, nSize);
            set<uint256> setConflictsParents;
            const int maxDescendantsToVisit = 100;
            CTxMemPool::setEntries setIterConflicting;
            BOOST_FOREACH(const uint256 &hashConflicting, setConflicts)
            {
                CTxMemPool::txiter mi = pool.mapTx.find(hashConflicting);
                if (mi == pool.mapTx.end())
                    continue;

                // Save these to avoid repeated lookups
                setIterConflicting.insert(mi);

                // Don't allow the replacement to reduce the feerate of the
                // mempool.
                //
                // We usually don't want to accept replacements with lower
                // feerates than what they replaced as that would lower the
                // feerate of the next block. Requiring that the feerate always
                // be increased is also an easy-to-reason about way to prevent
                // DoS attacks via replacements.
                //
                // The mining code doesn't (currently) take children into
                // account (CPFP) so we only consider the feerates of
                // transactions being directly replaced, not their indirect
                // descendants. While that does mean high feerate children are
                // ignored when deciding whether or not to replace, we do
                // require the replacement to pay more overall fees too,
                // mitigating most cases.
                CFeeRate oldFeeRate(mi->GetModifiedFee(), mi->GetTxSize());
                if (newFeeRate <= oldFeeRate)
                {
                    return state.DoS(0, false,
                            REJECT_INSUFFICIENTFEE, "insufficient fee", false,
                            strprintf("rejecting replacement %s; new feerate %s <= old feerate %s",
                                  hash.ToString(),
                                  newFeeRate.ToString(),
                                  oldFeeRate.ToString()));
                }

                BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn &txin, mi->GetTx().vin)
                {
                    setConflictsParents.insert(txin.prevout.hash);
                }

                nConflictingCount += mi->GetCountWithDescendants();
            }
            // This potentially overestimates the number of actual descendants
            // but we just want to be conservative to avoid doing too much
            // work.
            if (nConflictingCount <= maxDescendantsToVisit) {
                // If not too many to replace, then calculate the set of
                // transactions that would have to be evicted
                BOOST_FOREACH(CTxMemPool::txiter it, setIterConflicting) {
                    pool.CalculateDescendants(it, allConflicting);
                }
                BOOST_FOREACH(CTxMemPool::txiter it, allConflicting) {
                    nConflictingFees += it->GetModifiedFee();
                    nConflictingSize += it->GetTxSize();
                }
            } else {
                return state.DoS(0, false,
                        REJECT_NONSTANDARD, "too many potential replacements", false,
                        strprintf("rejecting replacement %s; too many potential replacements (%d > %d)\n",
                            hash.ToString(),
                            nConflictingCount,
                            maxDescendantsToVisit));
            }

            for (unsigned int j = 0; j < tx.vin.size(); j++)
            {
                // We don't want to accept replacements that require low
                // feerate junk to be mined first. Ideally we'd keep track of
                // the ancestor feerates and make the decision based on that,
                // but for now requiring all new inputs to be confirmed works.
                if (!setConflictsParents.count(tx.vin[j].prevout.hash))
                {
                    // Rather than check the UTXO set - potentially expensive -
                    // it's cheaper to just check if the new input refers to a
                    // tx that's in the mempool.
                    if (pool.mapTx.find(tx.vin[j].prevout.hash) != pool.mapTx.end())
                        return state.DoS(0, false,
                                         REJECT_NONSTANDARD, "replacement-adds-unconfirmed", false,
                                         strprintf("replacement %s adds unconfirmed input, idx %d",
                                                  hash.ToString(), j));
                }
            }

            // The replacement must pay greater fees than the transactions it
            // replaces - if we did the bandwidth used by those conflicting
            // transactions would not be paid for.
            if (nModifiedFees < nConflictingFees)
            {
                return state.DoS(0, false,
                                 REJECT_INSUFFICIENTFEE, "insufficient fee", false,
                                 strprintf("rejecting replacement %s, less fees than conflicting txs; %s < %s",
                                          hash.ToString(), FormatMoney(nModifiedFees), FormatMoney(nConflictingFees)));
            }

            // Finally in addition to paying more fees than the conflicts the
            // new transaction must pay for its own bandwidth.
            CAmount nDeltaFees = nModifiedFees - nConflictingFees;
            if (nDeltaFees < ::minRelayTxFee.GetFee(nSize))
            {
                return state.DoS(0, false,
                        REJECT_INSUFFICIENTFEE, "insufficient fee", false,
                        strprintf("rejecting replacement %s, not enough additional fees to relay; %s < %s",
                              hash.ToString(),
                              FormatMoney(nDeltaFees),
                              FormatMoney(::minRelayTxFee.GetFee(nSize))));
            }
        }

        // If we aren't going to actually accept it but just were verifying it, we are fine already
        if(fDryRun) return true;

        // Check against previous transactions
        // This is done last to help prevent CPU exhaustion denial-of-service attacks.
        if (!CheckInputs(tx, state, view, true, STANDARD_SCRIPT_VERIFY_FLAGS, true))
            return false; // state filled in by CheckInputs

        // Check again against just the consensus-critical mandatory script
        // verification flags, in case of bugs in the standard flags that cause
        // transactions to pass as valid when they're actually invalid. For
        // instance the STRICTENC flag was incorrectly allowing certain
        // CHECKSIG NOT scripts to pass, even though they were invalid.
        //
        // There is a similar check in CreateNewBlock() to prevent creating
        // invalid blocks, however allowing such transactions into the mempool
        // can be exploited as a DoS attack.
        if (!CheckInputs(tx, state, view, true, MANDATORY_SCRIPT_VERIFY_FLAGS, true))
        {
            return error("%s: BUG! PLEASE REPORT THIS! ConnectInputs failed against MANDATORY but not STANDARD flags %s, %s",
                __func__, hash.ToString(), FormatStateMessage(state));
        }

        // Remove conflicting transactions from the mempool
        BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxMemPool::txiter it, allConflicting)
        {
            LogPrint("mempool", "replacing tx %s with %s for %s BTC additional fees, %d delta bytes\n",
                    it->GetTx().GetHash().ToString(),
                    hash.ToString(),
                    FormatMoney(nModifiedFees - nConflictingFees),
                    (int)nSize - (int)nConflictingSize);
        }
        pool.RemoveStaged(allConflicting, false);

        // Store transaction in memory
        pool.addUnchecked(hash, entry, setAncestors, !IsInitialBlockDownload());

        // Add memory address index
        if (fAddressIndex) {
            pool.addAddressIndex(entry, view);
        }

        // Add memory spent index
        if (fSpentIndex) {
            pool.addSpentIndex(entry, view);
        }

        // trim mempool and check if tx was trimmed
        if (!fOverrideMempoolLimit) {
            LimitMempoolSize(pool, GetArg("-maxmempool", DEFAULT_MAX_MEMPOOL_SIZE) * 1000000, GetArg("-mempoolexpiry", DEFAULT_MEMPOOL_EXPIRY) * 60 * 60);
            if (!pool.exists(hash))
                return state.DoS(0, false, REJECT_INSUFFICIENTFEE, "mempool full");
        }
    }

    if(!fDryRun)
        GetMainSignals().SyncTransaction(tx, NULL, NULL);

    return true;
}

bool AcceptToMemoryPool(CTxMemPool& pool, CValidationState &state, const CTransaction &tx, bool fLimitFree,
                        bool* pfMissingInputs, CFeeRate* txFeeRate, bool fOverrideMempoolLimit, const CAmount nAbsurdFee, bool fDryRun)
{
    std::vector<COutPoint> coins_to_uncache;
    bool res = AcceptToMemoryPoolWorker(pool, state, tx, fLimitFree, pfMissingInputs, txFeeRate, fOverrideMempoolLimit, nAbsurdFee, coins_to_uncache, fDryRun);
    if (!res || fDryRun) {
        if(!res) LogPrint("mempool", "%s: %s %s\n", __func__, tx.GetHash().ToString(), state.GetRejectReason());
        BOOST_FOREACH(const COutPoint& hashTx, coins_to_uncache)
            pcoinsTip->Uncache(hashTx);
    }
    // After we've (potentially) uncached entries, ensure our coins cache is still within its size limits
    CValidationState stateDummy;
    FlushStateToDisk(stateDummy, FLUSH_STATE_PERIODIC);
    return res;
}

bool GetTimestampIndex(const unsigned int &high, const unsigned int &low, std::vector<uint256> &hashes)
{
    if (!fTimestampIndex)
        return error("Timestamp index not enabled");

    if (!pblocktree->ReadTimestampIndex(high, low, hashes))
        return error("Unable to get hashes for timestamps");

    return true;
}

bool GetSpentIndex(CSpentIndexKey &key, CSpentIndexValue &value)
{
    if (!fSpentIndex)
        return false;

    if (mempool.getSpentIndex(key, value))
        return true;

    if (!pblocktree->ReadSpentIndex(key, value))
        return false;

    return true;
}

bool GetAddressIndex(uint160 addressHash, int type,
                     std::vector<std::pair<CAddressIndexKey, CAmount> > &addressIndex, int start, int end)
{
    if (!fAddressIndex)
        return error("address index not enabled");

    if (!pblocktree->ReadAddressIndex(addressHash, type, addressIndex, start, end))
        return error("unable to get txids for address");

    return true;
}

bool GetAddressUnspent(uint160 addressHash, int type,
                       std::vector<std::pair<CAddressUnspentKey, CAddressUnspentValue> > &unspentOutputs)
{
    if (!fAddressIndex)
        return error("address index not enabled");

    if (!pblocktree->ReadAddressUnspentIndex(addressHash, type, unspentOutputs))
        return error("unable to get txids for address");

    return true;
}

/** Return transaction in tx, and if it was found inside a block, its hash is placed in hashBlock */
bool GetTransaction(const uint256 &hash, CTransaction &txOut, const Consensus::Params& consensusParams, uint256 &hashBlock, bool fAllowSlow)
{
    CBlockIndex *pindexSlow = NULL;

    LOCK(cs_main);

    if (mempool.lookup(hash, txOut))
    {
        return true;
    }

    if (fTxIndex) {
        CDiskTxPos postx;
        if (pblocktree->ReadTxIndex(hash, postx)) {
            CAutoFile file(OpenBlockFile(postx, true), SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);
            if (file.IsNull())
                return error("%s: OpenBlockFile failed", __func__);
            CBlockHeader header;
            try {
                file >> header;
                fseek(file.Get(), postx.nTxOffset, SEEK_CUR);
                file >> txOut;
            } catch (const std::exception& e) {
                return error("%s: Deserialize or I/O error - %s", __func__, e.what());
            }
            hashBlock = header.GetHash();
            if (txOut.GetHash() != hash)
                return error("%s: txid mismatch", __func__);
            return true;
        }

        // transaction not found in index, nothing more can be done
        return false;
    }

    if (fAllowSlow) { // use coin database to locate block that contains transaction, and scan it
        const Coin& coin = AccessByTxid(*pcoinsTip, hash);
        if (!coin.IsSpent()) pindexSlow = chainActive[coin.nHeight];
    }

    if (pindexSlow) {
        CBlock block;
        if (ReadBlockFromDisk(block, pindexSlow, consensusParams)) {
            BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction &tx, block.vtx) {
                if (tx.GetHash() == hash) {
                    txOut = tx;
                    hashBlock = pindexSlow->GetBlockHash();
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return false;
}






//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// CBlock and CBlockIndex
//

bool WriteBlockToDisk(const CBlock& block, CDiskBlockPos& pos, const CMessageHeader::MessageStartChars& messageStart)
{
    // Open history file to append
    CAutoFile fileout(OpenBlockFile(pos), SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);
    if (fileout.IsNull())
        return error("WriteBlockToDisk: OpenBlockFile failed");

    // Write index header
    unsigned int nSize = fileout.GetSerializeSize(block);
    fileout << FLATDATA(messageStart) << nSize;

    // Write block
    long fileOutPos = ftell(fileout.Get());
    if (fileOutPos < 0)
        return error("WriteBlockToDisk: ftell failed");
    pos.nPos = (unsigned int)fileOutPos;
    fileout << block;

    return true;
}

bool ReadBlockFromDisk(CBlock& block, const CDiskBlockPos& pos, const Consensus::Params& consensusParams)
{
    block.SetNull();

    // Open history file to read
    CAutoFile filein(OpenBlockFile(pos, true), SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);
    if (filein.IsNull())
        return error("ReadBlockFromDisk: OpenBlockFile failed for %s", pos.ToString());

    // Read block
    try {
        filein >> block;
    }
    catch (const std::exception& e) {
        return error("%s: Deserialize or I/O error - %s at %s", __func__, e.what(), pos.ToString());
    }

    // Check the header
    if (!CheckProofOfWork(block.GetHash(), block.nBits, consensusParams))
        return error("ReadBlockFromDisk: Errors in block header at %s", pos.ToString());

    return true;
}

bool ReadBlockFromDisk(CBlock& block, const CBlockIndex* pindex, const Consensus::Params& consensusParams)
{
    if (!ReadBlockFromDisk(block, pindex->GetBlockPos(), consensusParams))
        return false;
    if (block.GetHash() != pindex->GetBlockHash())
        return error("ReadBlockFromDisk(CBlock&, CBlockIndex*): GetHash() doesn't match index for %s at %s",
                pindex->ToString(), pindex->GetBlockPos().ToString());
    return true;
}

double ConvertBitsToDouble(unsigned int nBits)
{
    int nShift = (nBits >> 24) & 0xff;

    double dDiff = (double)0x0000ffff / (double)(nBits & 0x00ffffff);

    while (nShift < 29)
    {
        dDiff *= 256.0;
        nShift++;
    }
    while (nShift > 29)
    {
        dDiff /= 256.0;
        nShift--;
    }

    return dDiff;
}

/*
NOTE:   unlike bitcoin we are using PREVIOUS block height here,
        might be a good idea to change this to use prev bits
        but current height to avoid confusion.
*/
CAmount GetBlockSubsidy(int nPrevBits, int nPrevHeight, const Consensus::Params& consensusParams, bool fSuperblockPartOnly)
{
    double dDiff;
    CAmount nSubsidyBase;

    if (nPrevHeight <= 4500 && Params().NetworkIDString() == CBaseChainParams::MAIN) {
        /* a bug which caused diff to not be correctly calculated */
        dDiff = (double)0x0000ffff / (double)(nPrevBits & 0x00ffffff);
    } else {
        dDiff = ConvertBitsToDouble(nPrevBits);
    }

    if (nPrevHeight < 5465) {
        // Early ages...
        // 1111/((x+1)^2)
        nSubsidyBase = (1111.0 / (pow((dDiff+1.0),2.0)));
        if(nSubsidyBase > 500) nSubsidyBase = 500;
        else if(nSubsidyBase < 1) nSubsidyBase = 1;
    } else if (nPrevHeight < 17000 || (dDiff <= 75 && nPrevHeight < 24000)) {
        // CPU mining era
        // 11111/(((x+51)/6)^2)
        nSubsidyBase = (11111.0 / (pow((dDiff+51.0)/6.0,2.0)));
        if(nSubsidyBase > 500) nSubsidyBase = 500;
        else if(nSubsidyBase < 25) nSubsidyBase = 25;
    } else {
        // GPU/ASIC mining era
        // 2222222/(((x+2600)/9)^2)
        nSubsidyBase = (2222222.0 / (pow((dDiff+2600.0)/9.0,2.0)));
        if(nSubsidyBase > 25) nSubsidyBase = 25;
        else if(nSubsidyBase < 5) nSubsidyBase = 5;
    }

    // LogPrintf("height %u diff %4.2f reward %d\n", nPrevHeight, dDiff, nSubsidyBase);
    CAmount nSubsidy = nSubsidyBase * COIN;

    // yearly decline of production by ~7.1% per year, projected ~18M coins max by year 2050+.
    for (int i = consensusParams.nSubsidyHalvingInterval; i <= nPrevHeight; i += consensusParams.nSubsidyHalvingInterval) {
        nSubsidy -= nSubsidy/14;
    }

    // Hard fork to reduce the block reward by 10 extra percent (allowing budget/superblocks)
    CAmount nSuperblockPart = (nPrevHeight > consensusParams.nBudgetPaymentsStartBlock) ? nSubsidy/10 : 0;

    return fSuperblockPartOnly ? nSuperblockPart : nSubsidy - nSuperblockPart;
}

CAmount GetMasternodePayment(int nHeight, CAmount blockValue)
{
    CAmount ret = blockValue/5; // start at 20%

    int nMNPIBlock = Params().GetConsensus().nMasternodePaymentsIncreaseBlock;
    int nMNPIPeriod = Params().GetConsensus().nMasternodePaymentsIncreasePeriod;

                                                                      // mainnet:
    if(nHeight > nMNPIBlock)                  ret += blockValue / 20; // 158000 - 25.0% - 2014-10-24
    if(nHeight > nMNPIBlock+(nMNPIPeriod* 1)) ret += blockValue / 20; // 175280 - 30.0% - 2014-11-25
    if(nHeight > nMNPIBlock+(nMNPIPeriod* 2)) ret += blockValue / 20; // 192560 - 35.0% - 2014-12-26
    if(nHeight > nMNPIBlock+(nMNPIPeriod* 3)) ret += blockValue / 40; // 209840 - 37.5% - 2015-01-26
    if(nHeight > nMNPIBlock+(nMNPIPeriod* 4)) ret += blockValue / 40; // 227120 - 40.0% - 2015-02-27
    if(nHeight > nMNPIBlock+(nMNPIPeriod* 5)) ret += blockValue / 40; // 244400 - 42.5% - 2015-03-30
    if(nHeight > nMNPIBlock+(nMNPIPeriod* 6)) ret += blockValue / 40; // 261680 - 45.0% - 2015-05-01
    if(nHeight > nMNPIBlock+(nMNPIPeriod* 7)) ret += blockValue / 40; // 278960 - 47.5% - 2015-06-01
    if(nHeight > nMNPIBlock+(nMNPIPeriod* 9)) ret += blockValue / 40; // 313520 - 50.0% - 2015-08-03

    return ret;
}

bool IsInitialBlockDownload()
{
    static bool lockIBDState = false;
    if (lockIBDState)
        return false;
    if (fImporting || fReindex)
        return true;
    LOCK(cs_main);
    const CChainParams& chainParams = Params();
    if (chainActive.Tip() == NULL)
        return true;
    if (chainActive.Tip()->nChainWork < UintToArith256(chainParams.GetConsensus().nMinimumChainWork))
        return true;
    if (chainActive.Tip()->GetBlockTime() < (GetTime() - nMaxTipAge))
        return true;
    lockIBDState = true;
    return false;
}

bool fLargeWorkForkFound = false;
bool fLargeWorkInvalidChainFound = false;
CBlockIndex *pindexBestForkTip = NULL, *pindexBestForkBase = NULL;

void CheckForkWarningConditions()
{
    AssertLockHeld(cs_main);
    // Before we get past initial download, we cannot reliably alert about forks
    // (we assume we don't get stuck on a fork before finishing our initial sync)
    if (IsInitialBlockDownload())
        return;

    // If our best fork is no longer within 72 blocks (+/- 3 hours if no one mines it)
    // of our head, drop it
    if (pindexBestForkTip && chainActive.Height() - pindexBestForkTip->nHeight >= 72)
        pindexBestForkTip = NULL;

    if (pindexBestForkTip || (pindexBestInvalid && pindexBestInvalid->nChainWork > chainActive.Tip()->nChainWork + (GetBlockProof(*chainActive.Tip()) * 6)))
    {
        if (!fLargeWorkForkFound && pindexBestForkBase)
        {
            if(pindexBestForkBase->phashBlock){
                std::string warning = std::string("'Warning: Large-work fork detected, forking after block ") +
                    pindexBestForkBase->phashBlock->ToString() + std::string("'");
                CAlert::Notify(warning, true);
            }
        }
        if (pindexBestForkTip && pindexBestForkBase)
        {
            if(pindexBestForkBase->phashBlock){
                LogPrintf("%s: Warning: Large valid fork found\n  forking the chain at height %d (%s)\n  lasting to height %d (%s).\nChain state database corruption likely.\n", __func__,
                       pindexBestForkBase->nHeight, pindexBestForkBase->phashBlock->ToString(),
                       pindexBestForkTip->nHeight, pindexBestForkTip->phashBlock->ToString());
                fLargeWorkForkFound = true;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if(pindexBestInvalid->nHeight > chainActive.Height() + 6)
                LogPrintf("%s: Warning: Found invalid chain at least ~6 blocks longer than our best chain.\nChain state database corruption likely.\n", __func__);
            else
                LogPrintf("%s: Warning: Found invalid chain which has higher work (at least ~6 blocks worth of work) than our best chain.\nChain state database corruption likely.\n", __func__);
            fLargeWorkInvalidChainFound = true;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        fLargeWorkForkFound = false;
        fLargeWorkInvalidChainFound = false;
    }
}

void CheckForkWarningConditionsOnNewFork(CBlockIndex* pindexNewForkTip)
{
    AssertLockHeld(cs_main);
    // If we are on a fork that is sufficiently large, set a warning flag
    CBlockIndex* pfork = pindexNewForkTip;
    CBlockIndex* plonger = chainActive.Tip();
    while (pfork && pfork != plonger)
    {
        while (plonger && plonger->nHeight > pfork->nHeight)
            plonger = plonger->pprev;
        if (pfork == plonger)
            break;
        pfork = pfork->pprev;
    }

    // We define a condition where we should warn the user about as a fork of at least 7 blocks
    // with a tip within 72 blocks (+/- 3 hours if no one mines it) of ours
    // or a chain that is entirely longer than ours and invalid (note that this should be detected by both)
    // We use 7 blocks rather arbitrarily as it represents just under 10% of sustained network
    // hash rate operating on the fork.
    // We define it this way because it allows us to only store the highest fork tip (+ base) which meets
    // the 7-block condition and from this always have the most-likely-to-cause-warning fork
    if (pfork && (!pindexBestForkTip || (pindexBestForkTip && pindexNewForkTip->nHeight > pindexBestForkTip->nHeight)) &&
            pindexNewForkTip->nChainWork - pfork->nChainWork > (GetBlockProof(*pfork) * 7) &&
            chainActive.Height() - pindexNewForkTip->nHeight < 72)
    {
        pindexBestForkTip = pindexNewForkTip;
        pindexBestForkBase = pfork;
    }

    CheckForkWarningConditions();
}

void static InvalidChainFound(CBlockIndex* pindexNew)
{
    if (!pindexBestInvalid || pindexNew->nChainWork > pindexBestInvalid->nChainWork)
        pindexBestInvalid = pindexNew;

    LogPrintf("%s: invalid block=%s  height=%d  log2_work=%.8g  date=%s\n", __func__,
      pindexNew->GetBlockHash().ToString(), pindexNew->nHeight,
      log(pindexNew->nChainWork.getdouble())/log(2.0), DateTimeStrFormat("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
      pindexNew->GetBlockTime()));
    CBlockIndex *tip = chainActive.Tip();
    assert (tip);
    LogPrintf("%s:  current best=%s  height=%d  log2_work=%.8g  date=%s\n", __func__,
      tip->GetBlockHash().ToString(), chainActive.Height(), log(tip->nChainWork.getdouble())/log(2.0),
      DateTimeStrFormat("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", tip->GetBlockTime()));
    CheckForkWarningConditions();
}

void static InvalidBlockFound(CBlockIndex *pindex, const CValidationState &state) {
    if (!state.CorruptionPossible()) {
        pindex->nStatus |= BLOCK_FAILED_VALID;
        setDirtyBlockIndex.insert(pindex);
        setBlockIndexCandidates.erase(pindex);
        InvalidChainFound(pindex);
    }
}

void UpdateCoins(const CTransaction& tx, CValidationState &state, CCoinsViewCache &inputs, CTxUndo &txundo, int nHeight)
{
    // mark inputs spent
    if (!tx.IsCoinBase()) {
        txundo.vprevout.reserve(tx.vin.size());
        BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn &txin, tx.vin) {
            txundo.vprevout.emplace_back();
            bool is_spent = inputs.SpendCoin(txin.prevout, &txundo.vprevout.back());
            assert(is_spent);
        }
    }
    // add outputs
    AddCoins(inputs, tx, nHeight);
}

void UpdateCoins(const CTransaction& tx, CValidationState &state, CCoinsViewCache &inputs, int nHeight)
{
    CTxUndo txundo;
    UpdateCoins(tx, state, inputs, txundo, nHeight);
}

bool CScriptCheck::operator()() {
    const CScript &scriptSig = ptxTo->vin[nIn].scriptSig;
    if (!VerifyScript(scriptSig, scriptPubKey, nFlags, CachingTransactionSignatureChecker(ptxTo, nIn, cacheStore), &error)) {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

int GetSpendHeight(const CCoinsViewCache& inputs)
{
    LOCK(cs_main);
    CBlockIndex* pindexPrev = mapBlockIndex.find(inputs.GetBestBlock())->second;
    return pindexPrev->nHeight + 1;
}

namespace Consensus {
bool CheckTxInputs(const CTransaction& tx, CValidationState& state, const CCoinsViewCache& inputs, int nSpendHeight)
{
        // This doesn't trigger the DoS code on purpose; if it did, it would make it easier
        // for an attacker to attempt to split the network.
        if (!inputs.HaveInputs(tx))
            return state.Invalid(false, 0, "", "Inputs unavailable");

        CAmount nValueIn = 0;
        CAmount nFees = 0;
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < tx.vin.size(); i++)
        {
            const COutPoint &prevout = tx.vin[i].prevout;
            const Coin& coin = inputs.AccessCoin(prevout);
            assert(!coin.IsSpent());

            // If prev is coinbase, check that it's matured
            if (coin.IsCoinBase()) {
                if (nSpendHeight - coin.nHeight < COINBASE_MATURITY)
                    return state.Invalid(false,
                        REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-premature-spend-of-coinbase",
                        strprintf("tried to spend coinbase at depth %d", nSpendHeight - coin.nHeight));
            }

            // Check for negative or overflow input values
            nValueIn += coin.out.nValue;
            if (!MoneyRange(coin.out.nValue) || !MoneyRange(nValueIn))
                return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-inputvalues-outofrange");

        }

        if (nValueIn < tx.GetValueOut())
            return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-in-belowout", false,
                strprintf("value in (%s) < value out (%s)", FormatMoney(nValueIn), FormatMoney(tx.GetValueOut())));

        // Tally transaction fees
        CAmount nTxFee = nValueIn - tx.GetValueOut();
        if (nTxFee < 0)
            return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-fee-negative");
        nFees += nTxFee;
        if (!MoneyRange(nFees))
            return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-fee-outofrange");
    return true;
}
}// namespace Consensus

bool CheckInputs(const CTransaction& tx, CValidationState &state, const CCoinsViewCache &inputs, bool fScriptChecks, unsigned int flags, bool cacheStore, std::vector<CScriptCheck> *pvChecks)
{
    if (!tx.IsCoinBase())
    {
        if (!Consensus::CheckTxInputs(tx, state, inputs, GetSpendHeight(inputs)))
            return false;

        if (pvChecks)
            pvChecks->reserve(tx.vin.size());

        // The first loop above does all the inexpensive checks.
        // Only if ALL inputs pass do we perform expensive ECDSA signature checks.
        // Helps prevent CPU exhaustion attacks.

        // Skip script verification when connecting blocks under the
        // assumedvalid block. Assuming the assumedvalid block is valid this
        // is safe because block merkle hashes are still computed and checked,
        // Of course, if an assumed valid block is invalid due to false scriptSigs
        // this optimization would allow an invalid chain to be accepted.
        if (fScriptChecks) {
            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < tx.vin.size(); i++) {
                const COutPoint &prevout = tx.vin[i].prevout;
                const Coin& coin = inputs.AccessCoin(prevout);
                assert(!coin.IsSpent());

                // We very carefully only pass in things to CScriptCheck which
                // are clearly committed to by tx' witness hash. This provides
                // a sanity check that our caching is not introducing consensus
                // failures through additional data in, eg, the coins being
                // spent being checked as a part of CScriptCheck.
                const CScript& scriptPubKey = coin.out.scriptPubKey;
                const CAmount amount = coin.out.nValue;

                // Verify signature
                CScriptCheck check(scriptPubKey, amount, tx, i, flags, cacheStore);
                if (pvChecks) {
                    pvChecks->push_back(CScriptCheck());
                    check.swap(pvChecks->back());
                } else if (!check()) {
                    if (flags & STANDARD_NOT_MANDATORY_VERIFY_FLAGS) {
                        // Check whether the failure was caused by a
                        // non-mandatory script verification check, such as
                        // non-standard DER encodings or non-null dummy
                        // arguments; if so, don't trigger DoS protection to
                        // avoid splitting the network between upgraded and
                        // non-upgraded nodes.
                        CScriptCheck check2(scriptPubKey, amount, tx, i,
                                flags & ~STANDARD_NOT_MANDATORY_VERIFY_FLAGS, cacheStore);
                        if (check2())
                            return state.Invalid(false, REJECT_NONSTANDARD, strprintf("non-mandatory-script-verify-flag (%s)", ScriptErrorString(check.GetScriptError())));
                    }
                    // Failures of other flags indicate a transaction that is
                    // invalid in new blocks, e.g. a invalid P2SH. We DoS ban
                    // such nodes as they are not following the protocol. That
                    // said during an upgrade careful thought should be taken
                    // as to the correct behavior - we may want to continue
                    // peering with non-upgraded nodes even after a soft-fork
                    // super-majority vote has passed.
                    return state.DoS(100,false, REJECT_INVALID, strprintf("mandatory-script-verify-flag-failed (%s)", ScriptErrorString(check.GetScriptError())));
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return true;
}

namespace {

bool UndoWriteToDisk(const CBlockUndo& blockundo, CDiskBlockPos& pos, const uint256& hashBlock, const CMessageHeader::MessageStartChars& messageStart)
{
    // Open history file to append
    CAutoFile fileout(OpenUndoFile(pos), SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);
    if (fileout.IsNull())
        return error("%s: OpenUndoFile failed", __func__);

    // Write index header
    unsigned int nSize = fileout.GetSerializeSize(blockundo);
    fileout << FLATDATA(messageStart) << nSize;

    // Write undo data
    long fileOutPos = ftell(fileout.Get());
    if (fileOutPos < 0)
        return error("%s: ftell failed", __func__);
    pos.nPos = (unsigned int)fileOutPos;
    fileout << blockundo;

    // calculate & write checksum
    CHashWriter hasher(SER_GETHASH, PROTOCOL_VERSION);
    hasher << hashBlock;
    hasher << blockundo;
    fileout << hasher.GetHash();

    return true;
}

bool UndoReadFromDisk(CBlockUndo& blockundo, const CDiskBlockPos& pos, const uint256& hashBlock)
{
    // Open history file to read
    CAutoFile filein(OpenUndoFile(pos, true), SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);
    if (filein.IsNull())
        return error("%s: OpenBlockFile failed", __func__);

    // Read block
    uint256 hashChecksum;
    CHashVerifier<CAutoFile> verifier(&filein); // We need a CHashVerifier as reserializing may lose data
    try {
        verifier << hashBlock;
        verifier >> blockundo;
        filein >> hashChecksum;
    }
    catch (const std::exception& e) {
        return error("%s: Deserialize or I/O error - %s", __func__, e.what());
    }

    // Verify checksum
    if (hashChecksum != verifier.GetHash())
        return error("%s: Checksum mismatch", __func__);

    return true;
}

/** Abort with a message */
bool AbortNode(const std::string& strMessage, const std::string& userMessage="")
{
    strMiscWarning = strMessage;
    LogPrintf("*** %s\n", strMessage);
    uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(
        userMessage.empty() ? _("Error: A fatal internal error occurred, see debug.log for details") : userMessage,
        "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
    StartShutdown();
    return false;
}

bool AbortNode(CValidationState& state, const std::string& strMessage, const std::string& userMessage="")
{
    AbortNode(strMessage, userMessage);
    return state.Error(strMessage);
}

} // anon namespace

enum DisconnectResult
{
    DISCONNECT_OK,      // All good.
    DISCONNECT_UNCLEAN, // Rolled back, but UTXO set was inconsistent with block.
    DISCONNECT_FAILED   // Something else went wrong.
};

/**
 * Restore the UTXO in a Coin at a given COutPoint
 * @param undo The Coin to be restored.
 * @param view The coins view to which to apply the changes.
 * @param out The out point that corresponds to the tx input.
 * @return A DisconnectResult as an int
 */
int ApplyTxInUndo(Coin&& undo, CCoinsViewCache& view, const COutPoint& out)
{
    bool fClean = true;

    if (view.HaveCoin(out)) fClean = false; // overwriting transaction output

    if (undo.nHeight == 0) {
        // Missing undo metadata (height and coinbase). Older versions included this
        // information only in undo records for the last spend of a transactions'
        // outputs. This implies that it must be present for some other output of the same tx.
        const Coin& alternate = AccessByTxid(view, out.hash);
        if (!alternate.IsSpent()) {
            undo.nHeight = alternate.nHeight;
            undo.fCoinBase = alternate.fCoinBase;
        } else {
            return DISCONNECT_FAILED; // adding output for transaction without known metadata
        }
    }
    view.AddCoin(out, std::move(undo), undo.fCoinBase);

    return fClean ? DISCONNECT_OK : DISCONNECT_UNCLEAN;
}

/** Undo the effects of this block (with given index) on the UTXO set represented by coins.
 *  When UNCLEAN or FAILED is returned, view is left in an indeterminate state. */
static DisconnectResult DisconnectBlock(const CBlock& block, CValidationState& state, const CBlockIndex* pindex, CCoinsViewCache& view)
{
    assert(pindex->GetBlockHash() == view.GetBestBlock());

    bool fClean = true;

    CBlockUndo blockUndo;
    CDiskBlockPos pos = pindex->GetUndoPos();
    if (pos.IsNull()) {
        error("DisconnectBlock(): no undo data available");
        return DISCONNECT_FAILED;
    }
    if (!UndoReadFromDisk(blockUndo, pos, pindex->pprev->GetBlockHash())) {
        error("DisconnectBlock(): failure reading undo data");
        return DISCONNECT_FAILED;
    }

    if (blockUndo.vtxundo.size() + 1 != block.vtx.size()) {
        error("DisconnectBlock(): block and undo data inconsistent");
        return DISCONNECT_FAILED;
    }

    std::vector<std::pair<CAddressIndexKey, CAmount> > addressIndex;
    std::vector<std::pair<CAddressUnspentKey, CAddressUnspentValue> > addressUnspentIndex;
    std::vector<std::pair<CSpentIndexKey, CSpentIndexValue> > spentIndex;

    // undo transactions in reverse order
    for (int i = block.vtx.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        const CTransaction &tx = block.vtx[i];
        uint256 hash = tx.GetHash();
        bool is_coinbase = tx.IsCoinBase();

        if (fAddressIndex) {

            for (unsigned int k = tx.vout.size(); k-- > 0;) {
                const CTxOut &out = tx.vout[k];

                if (out.scriptPubKey.IsPayToScriptHash()) {
                    vector<unsigned char> hashBytes(out.scriptPubKey.begin()+2, out.scriptPubKey.begin()+22);

                    // undo receiving activity
                    addressIndex.push_back(make_pair(CAddressIndexKey(2, uint160(hashBytes), pindex->nHeight, i, hash, k, false), out.nValue));

                    // undo unspent index
                    addressUnspentIndex.push_back(make_pair(CAddressUnspentKey(2, uint160(hashBytes), hash, k), CAddressUnspentValue()));

                } else if (out.scriptPubKey.IsPayToPublicKeyHash()) {
                    vector<unsigned char> hashBytes(out.scriptPubKey.begin()+3, out.scriptPubKey.begin()+23);

                    // undo receiving activity
                    addressIndex.push_back(make_pair(CAddressIndexKey(1, uint160(hashBytes), pindex->nHeight, i, hash, k, false), out.nValue));

                    // undo unspent index
                    addressUnspentIndex.push_back(make_pair(CAddressUnspentKey(1, uint160(hashBytes), hash, k), CAddressUnspentValue()));

                } else {
                    continue;
                }

            }

        }

        // Check that all outputs are available and match the outputs in the block itself
        // exactly.
        for (size_t o = 0; o < tx.vout.size(); o++) {
            if (!tx.vout[o].scriptPubKey.IsUnspendable()) {
                COutPoint out(hash, o);
                Coin coin;
                bool is_spent = view.SpendCoin(out, &coin);
                if (!is_spent || tx.vout[o] != coin.out || pindex->nHeight != coin.nHeight || is_coinbase != coin.fCoinBase) {
                    fClean = false; // transaction output mismatch
                }
            }
        }

        // restore inputs
        if (i > 0) { // not coinbases
            CTxUndo &txundo = blockUndo.vtxundo[i-1];
            if (txundo.vprevout.size() != tx.vin.size()) {
                error("DisconnectBlock(): transaction and undo data inconsistent");
                return DISCONNECT_FAILED;
            }
            for (unsigned int j = tx.vin.size(); j-- > 0;) {
                const COutPoint &out = tx.vin[j].prevout;
                int undoHeight = txundo.vprevout[j].nHeight;
                int res = ApplyTxInUndo(std::move(txundo.vprevout[j]), view, out);
                if (res == DISCONNECT_FAILED) return DISCONNECT_FAILED;
                fClean = fClean && res != DISCONNECT_UNCLEAN;

                const CTxIn input = tx.vin[j];

                if (fSpentIndex) {
                    // undo and delete the spent index
                    spentIndex.push_back(make_pair(CSpentIndexKey(input.prevout.hash, input.prevout.n), CSpentIndexValue()));
                }

                if (fAddressIndex) {
                    const Coin &coin = view.AccessCoin(tx.vin[j].prevout);
                    const CTxOut &prevout = coin.out;
                    if (prevout.scriptPubKey.IsPayToScriptHash()) {
                        vector<unsigned char> hashBytes(prevout.scriptPubKey.begin()+2, prevout.scriptPubKey.begin()+22);

                        // undo spending activity
                        addressIndex.push_back(make_pair(CAddressIndexKey(2, uint160(hashBytes), pindex->nHeight, i, hash, j, true), prevout.nValue * -1));

                        // restore unspent index
                        addressUnspentIndex.push_back(make_pair(CAddressUnspentKey(2, uint160(hashBytes), input.prevout.hash, input.prevout.n), CAddressUnspentValue(prevout.nValue, prevout.scriptPubKey, undoHeight)));


                    } else if (prevout.scriptPubKey.IsPayToPublicKeyHash()) {
                        vector<unsigned char> hashBytes(prevout.scriptPubKey.begin()+3, prevout.scriptPubKey.begin()+23);

                        // undo spending activity
                        addressIndex.push_back(make_pair(CAddressIndexKey(1, uint160(hashBytes), pindex->nHeight, i, hash, j, true), prevout.nValue * -1));

                        // restore unspent index
                        addressUnspentIndex.push_back(make_pair(CAddressUnspentKey(1, uint160(hashBytes), input.prevout.hash, input.prevout.n), CAddressUnspentValue(prevout.nValue, prevout.scriptPubKey, undoHeight)));

                    } else {
                        continue;
                    }
                }

            }
            // At this point, all of txundo.vprevout should have been moved out.
        }
    }


    // move best block pointer to prevout block
    view.SetBestBlock(pindex->pprev->GetBlockHash());

    if (fAddressIndex) {
        if (!pblocktree->EraseAddressIndex(addressIndex)) {
            AbortNode(state, "Failed to delete address index");
            return DISCONNECT_FAILED;
        }
        if (!pblocktree->UpdateAddressUnspentIndex(addressUnspentIndex)) {
            AbortNode(state, "Failed to write address unspent index");
            return DISCONNECT_FAILED;
        }
    }

    return fClean ? DISCONNECT_OK : DISCONNECT_UNCLEAN;
}

void static FlushBlockFile(bool fFinalize = false)
{
    LOCK(cs_LastBlockFile);

    CDiskBlockPos posOld(nLastBlockFile, 0);

    FILE *fileOld = OpenBlockFile(posOld);
    if (fileOld) {
        if (fFinalize)
            TruncateFile(fileOld, vinfoBlockFile[nLastBlockFile].nSize);
        FileCommit(fileOld);
        fclose(fileOld);
    }

    fileOld = OpenUndoFile(posOld);
    if (fileOld) {
        if (fFinalize)
            TruncateFile(fileOld, vinfoBlockFile[nLastBlockFile].nUndoSize);
        FileCommit(fileOld);
        fclose(fileOld);
    }
}

bool FindUndoPos(CValidationState &state, int nFile, CDiskBlockPos &pos, unsigned int nAddSize);

static CCheckQueue<CScriptCheck> scriptcheckqueue(128);

void ThreadScriptCheck() {
    RenameThread("dash-scriptch");
    scriptcheckqueue.Thread();
}

// Protected by cs_main
VersionBitsCache versionbitscache;

int32_t ComputeBlockVersion(const CBlockIndex* pindexPrev, const Consensus::Params& params, bool fAssumeMasternodeIsUpgraded)
{
    LOCK(cs_main);
    int32_t nVersion = VERSIONBITS_TOP_BITS;

    for (int i = 0; i < (int)Consensus::MAX_VERSION_BITS_DEPLOYMENTS; i++) {
        Consensus::DeploymentPos pos = Consensus::DeploymentPos(i);
        ThresholdState state = VersionBitsState(pindexPrev, params, pos, versionbitscache);
        const struct BIP9DeploymentInfo& vbinfo = VersionBitsDeploymentInfo[pos];
        if (vbinfo.check_mn_protocol && state == THRESHOLD_STARTED && !fAssumeMasternodeIsUpgraded) {
            CScript payee;
            masternode_info_t mnInfo;
            if (!mnpayments.GetBlockPayee(pindexPrev->nHeight + 1, payee)) {
                // no votes for this block
                continue;
            }
            if (!mnodeman.GetMasternodeInfo(payee, mnInfo)) {
                // unknown masternode
                continue;
            }
            if (mnInfo.nProtocolVersion < DIP0001_PROTOCOL_VERSION) {
                // masternode is not upgraded yet
                continue;
            }
        }
        if (state == THRESHOLD_LOCKED_IN || state == THRESHOLD_STARTED) {
            nVersion |= VersionBitsMask(params, (Consensus::DeploymentPos)i);
        }
    }

    return nVersion;
}

bool GetBlockHash(uint256& hashRet, int nBlockHeight)
{
    LOCK(cs_main);
    if(chainActive.Tip() == NULL) return false;
    if(nBlockHeight < -1 || nBlockHeight > chainActive.Height()) return false;
    if(nBlockHeight == -1) nBlockHeight = chainActive.Height();
    hashRet = chainActive[nBlockHeight]->GetBlockHash();
    return true;
}

/**
 * Threshold condition checker that triggers when unknown versionbits are seen on the network.
 */
class WarningBitsConditionChecker : public AbstractThresholdConditionChecker
{
private:
    int bit;

public:
    WarningBitsConditionChecker(int bitIn) : bit(bitIn) {}

    int64_t BeginTime(const Consensus::Params& params) const { return 0; }
    int64_t EndTime(const Consensus::Params& params) const { return std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max(); }
    int Period(const Consensus::Params& params) const { return params.nMinerConfirmationWindow; }
    int Threshold(const Consensus::Params& params) const { return params.nRuleChangeActivationThreshold; }

    bool Condition(const CBlockIndex* pindex, const Consensus::Params& params) const
    {
        return ((pindex->nVersion & VERSIONBITS_TOP_MASK) == VERSIONBITS_TOP_BITS) &&
               ((pindex->nVersion >> bit) & 1) != 0 &&
               ((ComputeBlockVersion(pindex->pprev, params, true) >> bit) & 1) == 0;
    }
};

// Protected by cs_main
static ThresholdConditionCache warningcache[VERSIONBITS_NUM_BITS];

static int64_t nTimeCheck = 0;
static int64_t nTimeForks = 0;
static int64_t nTimeVerify = 0;
static int64_t nTimeConnect = 0;
static int64_t nTimeIndex = 0;
static int64_t nTimeCallbacks = 0;
static int64_t nTimeTotal = 0;

/** Apply the effects of this block (with given index) on the UTXO set represented by coins.
 *  Validity checks that depend on the UTXO set are also done; ConnectBlock()
 *  can fail if those validity checks fail (among other reasons). */
static bool ConnectBlock(const CBlock& block, CValidationState& state, CBlockIndex* pindex, CCoinsViewCache& view, bool fJustCheck = false)
{
    const CChainParams& chainparams = Params();
    AssertLockHeld(cs_main);

    int64_t nTimeStart = GetTimeMicros();

    // Check it again in case a previous version let a bad block in
    if (!CheckBlock(block, state, !fJustCheck, !fJustCheck))
        return error("%s: Consensus::CheckBlock: %s", __func__, FormatStateMessage(state));

    // verify that the view's current state corresponds to the previous block
    uint256 hashPrevBlock = pindex->pprev == NULL ? uint256() : pindex->pprev->GetBlockHash();
    assert(hashPrevBlock == view.GetBestBlock());

    // Special case for the genesis block, skipping connection of its transactions
    // (its coinbase is unspendable)
    if (block.GetHash() == chainparams.GetConsensus().hashGenesisBlock) {
        if (!fJustCheck)
            view.SetBestBlock(pindex->GetBlockHash());
        return true;
    }

    bool fScriptChecks = true;
    if (!hashAssumeValid.IsNull()) {
        // We've been configured with the hash of a block which has been externally verified to have a valid history.
        // A suitable default value is included with the software and updated from time to time.  Because validity
        //  relative to a piece of software is an objective fact these defaults can be easily reviewed.
        // This setting doesn't force the selection of any particular chain but makes validating some faster by
        //  effectively caching the result of part of the verification.
        BlockMap::const_iterator  it = mapBlockIndex.find(hashAssumeValid);
        if (it != mapBlockIndex.end()) {
            if (it->second->GetAncestor(pindex->nHeight) == pindex &&
                pindexBestHeader->GetAncestor(pindex->nHeight) == pindex &&
                pindexBestHeader->nChainWork >= UintToArith256(chainparams.GetConsensus().nMinimumChainWork)) {
                // This block is a member of the assumed verified chain and an ancestor of the best header.
                // The equivalent time check discourages hashpower from extorting the network via DOS attack
                //  into accepting an invalid block through telling users they must manually set assumevalid.
                //  Requiring a software change or burying the invalid block, regardless of the setting, makes
                //  it hard to hide the implication of the demand.  This also avoids having release candidates
                //  that are hardly doing any signature verification at all in testing without having to
                //  artificially set the default assumed verified block further back.
                // The test against nMinimumChainWork prevents the skipping when denied access to any chain at
                //  least as good as the expected chain.
                fScriptChecks = (GetBlockProofEquivalentTime(*pindexBestHeader, *pindex, *pindexBestHeader, chainparams.GetConsensus()) <= 60 * 60 * 24 * 7 * 2);
            }
        }
    }

    int64_t nTime1 = GetTimeMicros(); nTimeCheck += nTime1 - nTimeStart;
    LogPrint("bench", "    - Sanity checks: %.2fms [%.2fs]\n", 0.001 * (nTime1 - nTimeStart), nTimeCheck * 0.000001);

    // Do not allow blocks that contain transactions which 'overwrite' older transactions,
    // unless those are already completely spent.
    // If such overwrites are allowed, coinbases and transactions depending upon those
    // can be duplicated to remove the ability to spend the first instance -- even after
    // being sent to another address.
    // See BIP30 and http://r6.ca/blog/20120206T005236Z.html for more information.
    // This logic is not necessary for memory pool transactions, as AcceptToMemoryPool
    // already refuses previously-known transaction ids entirely.
    // This rule was originally applied to all blocks with a timestamp after March 15, 2012, 0:00 UTC.
    // Now that the whole chain is irreversibly beyond that time it is applied to all blocks except the
    // two in the chain that violate it. This prevents exploiting the issue against nodes during their
    // initial block download.
    bool fEnforceBIP30 = (!pindex->phashBlock) || // Enforce on CreateNewBlock invocations which don't have a hash.
                          !((pindex->nHeight==91842 && pindex->GetBlockHash() == uint256S("0x00000000000a4d0a398161ffc163c503763b1f4360639393e0e4c8e300e0caec")) ||
                           (pindex->nHeight==91880 && pindex->GetBlockHash() == uint256S("0x00000000000743f190a18c5577a3c2d2a1f610ae9601ac046a38084ccb7cd721")));

    // Once BIP34 activated it was not possible to create new duplicate coinbases and thus other than starting
    // with the 2 existing duplicate coinbase pairs, not possible to create overwriting txs.  But by the
    // time BIP34 activated, in each of the existing pairs the duplicate coinbase had overwritten the first
    // before the first had been spent.  Since those coinbases are sufficiently buried its no longer possible to create further
    // duplicate transactions descending from the known pairs either.
    // If we're on the known chain at height greater than where BIP34 activated, we can save the db accesses needed for the BIP30 check.
    CBlockIndex *pindexBIP34height = pindex->pprev->GetAncestor(chainparams.GetConsensus().BIP34Height);
    //Only continue to enforce if we're below BIP34 activation height or the block hash at that height doesn't correspond.
    fEnforceBIP30 = fEnforceBIP30 && (!pindexBIP34height || !(pindexBIP34height->GetBlockHash() == chainparams.GetConsensus().BIP34Hash));

    if (fEnforceBIP30) {
        BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction& tx, block.vtx) {
            for (size_t o = 0; o < tx.vout.size(); o++) {
                if (view.HaveCoin(COutPoint(tx.GetHash(), o))) {
                    return state.DoS(100, error("ConnectBlock(): tried to overwrite transaction"),
                                     REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-BIP30");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // BIP16 didn't become active until Apr 1 2012
    int64_t nBIP16SwitchTime = 1333238400;
    bool fStrictPayToScriptHash = (pindex->GetBlockTime() >= nBIP16SwitchTime);

    unsigned int flags = fStrictPayToScriptHash ? SCRIPT_VERIFY_P2SH : SCRIPT_VERIFY_NONE;

    // Start enforcing the DERSIG (BIP66) rules, for block.nVersion=3 blocks,
    // when 75% of the network has upgraded:
    if (block.nVersion >= 3 && IsSuperMajority(3, pindex->pprev, chainparams.GetConsensus().nMajorityEnforceBlockUpgrade, chainparams.GetConsensus())) {
        flags |= SCRIPT_VERIFY_DERSIG;
    }

    // Start enforcing CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY, (BIP65) for block.nVersion=4
    // blocks, when 75% of the network has upgraded:
    if (block.nVersion >= 4 && IsSuperMajority(4, pindex->pprev, chainparams.GetConsensus().nMajorityEnforceBlockUpgrade, chainparams.GetConsensus())) {
        flags |= SCRIPT_VERIFY_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY;
    }

    // Start enforcing BIP68 (sequence locks) and BIP112 (CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY) using versionbits logic.
    int nLockTimeFlags = 0;
    if (VersionBitsState(pindex->pprev, chainparams.GetConsensus(), Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV, versionbitscache) == THRESHOLD_ACTIVE) {
        flags |= SCRIPT_VERIFY_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY;
        nLockTimeFlags |= LOCKTIME_VERIFY_SEQUENCE;
    }

    int64_t nTime2 = GetTimeMicros(); nTimeForks += nTime2 - nTime1;
    LogPrint("bench", "    - Fork checks: %.2fms [%.2fs]\n", 0.001 * (nTime2 - nTime1), nTimeForks * 0.000001);

    CBlockUndo blockundo;

    CCheckQueueControl<CScriptCheck> control(fScriptChecks && nScriptCheckThreads ? &scriptcheckqueue : NULL);

    std::vector<int> prevheights;
    CAmount nFees = 0;
    int nInputs = 0;
    unsigned int nSigOps = 0;
    CDiskTxPos pos(pindex->GetBlockPos(), GetSizeOfCompactSize(block.vtx.size()));
    std::vector<std::pair<uint256, CDiskTxPos> > vPos;
    vPos.reserve(block.vtx.size());
    blockundo.vtxundo.reserve(block.vtx.size() - 1);
    std::vector<std::pair<CAddressIndexKey, CAmount> > addressIndex;
    std::vector<std::pair<CAddressUnspentKey, CAddressUnspentValue> > addressUnspentIndex;
    std::vector<std::pair<CSpentIndexKey, CSpentIndexValue> > spentIndex;

    bool fDIP0001Active_context = (VersionBitsState(pindex->pprev, chainparams.GetConsensus(), Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_DIP0001, versionbitscache) == THRESHOLD_ACTIVE);

    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < block.vtx.size(); i++)
    {
        const CTransaction &tx = block.vtx[i];
        const uint256 txhash = tx.GetHash();

        nInputs += tx.vin.size();
        nSigOps += GetLegacySigOpCount(tx);
        if (nSigOps > MaxBlockSigOps(fDIP0001Active_context))
            return state.DoS(100, error("ConnectBlock(): too many sigops"),
                             REJECT_INVALID, "bad-blk-sigops");

        if (!tx.IsCoinBase())
        {
            if (!view.HaveInputs(tx))
                return state.DoS(100, error("ConnectBlock(): inputs missing/spent"),
                                 REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-inputs-missingorspent");

            // Check that transaction is BIP68 final
            // BIP68 lock checks (as opposed to nLockTime checks) must
            // be in ConnectBlock because they require the UTXO set
            prevheights.resize(tx.vin.size());
            for (size_t j = 0; j < tx.vin.size(); j++) {
                prevheights[j] = view.AccessCoin(tx.vin[j].prevout).nHeight;
            }

            if (!SequenceLocks(tx, nLockTimeFlags, &prevheights, *pindex)) {
                return state.DoS(100, error("%s: contains a non-BIP68-final transaction", __func__),
                                 REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-nonfinal");
            }

            if (fAddressIndex || fSpentIndex)
            {
                for (size_t j = 0; j < tx.vin.size(); j++) {
                    const CTxIn input = tx.vin[j];
                    const Coin& coin = view.AccessCoin(tx.vin[j].prevout);
                    const CTxOut &prevout = coin.out;
                    uint160 hashBytes;
                    int addressType;

                    if (prevout.scriptPubKey.IsPayToScriptHash()) {
                        hashBytes = uint160(vector <unsigned char>(prevout.scriptPubKey.begin()+2, prevout.scriptPubKey.begin()+22));
                        addressType = 2;
                    } else if (prevout.scriptPubKey.IsPayToPublicKeyHash()) {
                        hashBytes = uint160(vector <unsigned char>(prevout.scriptPubKey.begin()+3, prevout.scriptPubKey.begin()+23));
                        addressType = 1;
                    } else {
                        hashBytes.SetNull();
                        addressType = 0;
                    }

                    if (fAddressIndex && addressType > 0) {
                        // record spending activity
                        addressIndex.push_back(make_pair(CAddressIndexKey(addressType, hashBytes, pindex->nHeight, i, txhash, j, true), prevout.nValue * -1));

                        // remove address from unspent index
                        addressUnspentIndex.push_back(make_pair(CAddressUnspentKey(addressType, hashBytes, input.prevout.hash, input.prevout.n), CAddressUnspentValue()));
                    }

                    if (fSpentIndex) {
                        // add the spent index to determine the txid and input that spent an output
                        // and to find the amount and address from an input
                        spentIndex.push_back(make_pair(CSpentIndexKey(input.prevout.hash, input.prevout.n), CSpentIndexValue(txhash, j, pindex->nHeight, prevout.nValue, addressType, hashBytes)));
                    }
                }

            }

            if (fStrictPayToScriptHash)
            {
                // Add in sigops done by pay-to-script-hash inputs;
                // this is to prevent a "rogue miner" from creating
                // an incredibly-expensive-to-validate block.
                nSigOps += GetP2SHSigOpCount(tx, view);
                if (nSigOps > MaxBlockSigOps(fDIP0001Active_context))
                    return state.DoS(100, error("ConnectBlock(): too many sigops"),
                                     REJECT_INVALID, "bad-blk-sigops");
            }

            nFees += view.GetValueIn(tx)-tx.GetValueOut();

            std::vector<CScriptCheck> vChecks;
            bool fCacheResults = fJustCheck; /* Don't cache results if we're actually connecting blocks (still consult the cache, though) */
            if (!CheckInputs(tx, state, view, fScriptChecks, flags, fCacheResults, nScriptCheckThreads ? &vChecks : NULL))
                return error("ConnectBlock(): CheckInputs on %s failed with %s",
                    tx.GetHash().ToString(), FormatStateMessage(state));
            control.Add(vChecks);
        }

        if (fAddressIndex) {
            for (unsigned int k = 0; k < tx.vout.size(); k++) {
                const CTxOut &out = tx.vout[k];

                if (out.scriptPubKey.IsPayToScriptHash()) {
                    vector<unsigned char> hashBytes(out.scriptPubKey.begin()+2, out.scriptPubKey.begin()+22);

                    // record receiving activity
                    addressIndex.push_back(make_pair(CAddressIndexKey(2, uint160(hashBytes), pindex->nHeight, i, txhash, k, false), out.nValue));

                    // record unspent output
                    addressUnspentIndex.push_back(make_pair(CAddressUnspentKey(2, uint160(hashBytes), txhash, k), CAddressUnspentValue(out.nValue, out.scriptPubKey, pindex->nHeight)));

                } else if (out.scriptPubKey.IsPayToPublicKeyHash()) {
                    vector<unsigned char> hashBytes(out.scriptPubKey.begin()+3, out.scriptPubKey.begin()+23);

                    // record receiving activity
                    addressIndex.push_back(make_pair(CAddressIndexKey(1, uint160(hashBytes), pindex->nHeight, i, txhash, k, false), out.nValue));

                    // record unspent output
                    addressUnspentIndex.push_back(make_pair(CAddressUnspentKey(1, uint160(hashBytes), txhash, k), CAddressUnspentValue(out.nValue, out.scriptPubKey, pindex->nHeight)));

                } else {
                    continue;
                }

            }
        }

        CTxUndo undoDummy;
        if (i > 0) {
            blockundo.vtxundo.push_back(CTxUndo());
        }
        UpdateCoins(tx, state, view, i == 0 ? undoDummy : blockundo.vtxundo.back(), pindex->nHeight);

        vPos.push_back(std::make_pair(tx.GetHash(), pos));
        pos.nTxOffset += ::GetSerializeSize(tx, SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);
    }
    int64_t nTime3 = GetTimeMicros(); nTimeConnect += nTime3 - nTime2;
    LogPrint("bench", "      - Connect %u transactions: %.2fms (%.3fms/tx, %.3fms/txin) [%.2fs]\n", (unsigned)block.vtx.size(), 0.001 * (nTime3 - nTime2), 0.001 * (nTime3 - nTime2) / block.vtx.size(), nInputs <= 1 ? 0 : 0.001 * (nTime3 - nTime2) / (nInputs-1), nTimeConnect * 0.000001);

    // DASH : MODIFIED TO CHECK MASTERNODE PAYMENTS AND SUPERBLOCKS

    // It's possible that we simply don't have enough data and this could fail
    // (i.e. block itself could be a correct one and we need to store it),
    // that's why this is in ConnectBlock. Could be the other way around however -
    // the peer who sent us this block is missing some data and wasn't able
    // to recognize that block is actually invalid.
    // TODO: resync data (both ways?) and try to reprocess this block later.
    CAmount blockReward = nFees + GetBlockSubsidy(pindex->pprev->nBits, pindex->pprev->nHeight, chainparams.GetConsensus());
    std::string strError = "";
    if (!IsBlockValueValid(block, pindex->nHeight, blockReward, strError)) {
        return state.DoS(0, error("ConnectBlock(DASH): %s", strError), REJECT_INVALID, "bad-cb-amount");
    }

    if (!IsBlockPayeeValid(block.vtx[0], pindex->nHeight, blockReward)) {
        mapRejectedBlocks.insert(make_pair(block.GetHash(), GetTime()));
        return state.DoS(0, error("ConnectBlock(DASH): couldn't find masternode or superblock payments"),
                                REJECT_INVALID, "bad-cb-payee");
    }
    // END DASH

    if (!control.Wait())
        return state.DoS(100, false);
    int64_t nTime4 = GetTimeMicros(); nTimeVerify += nTime4 - nTime2;
    LogPrint("bench", "    - Verify %u txins: %.2fms (%.3fms/txin) [%.2fs]\n", nInputs - 1, 0.001 * (nTime4 - nTime2), nInputs <= 1 ? 0 : 0.001 * (nTime4 - nTime2) / (nInputs-1), nTimeVerify * 0.000001);

    if (fJustCheck)
        return true;

    // Write undo information to disk
    if (pindex->GetUndoPos().IsNull() || !pindex->IsValid(BLOCK_VALID_SCRIPTS))
    {
        if (pindex->GetUndoPos().IsNull()) {
            CDiskBlockPos pos;
            if (!FindUndoPos(state, pindex->nFile, pos, ::GetSerializeSize(blockundo, SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION) + 40))
                return error("ConnectBlock(): FindUndoPos failed");
            if (!UndoWriteToDisk(blockundo, pos, pindex->pprev->GetBlockHash(), chainparams.MessageStart()))
                return AbortNode(state, "Failed to write undo data");

            // update nUndoPos in block index
            pindex->nUndoPos = pos.nPos;
            pindex->nStatus |= BLOCK_HAVE_UNDO;
        }

        pindex->RaiseValidity(BLOCK_VALID_SCRIPTS);
        setDirtyBlockIndex.insert(pindex);
    }

    if (fTxIndex)
        if (!pblocktree->WriteTxIndex(vPos))
            return AbortNode(state, "Failed to write transaction index");

    if (fAddressIndex) {
        if (!pblocktree->WriteAddressIndex(addressIndex)) {
            return AbortNode(state, "Failed to write address index");
        }

        if (!pblocktree->UpdateAddressUnspentIndex(addressUnspentIndex)) {
            return AbortNode(state, "Failed to write address unspent index");
        }
    }

    if (fSpentIndex)
        if (!pblocktree->UpdateSpentIndex(spentIndex))
            return AbortNode(state, "Failed to write transaction index");

    if (fTimestampIndex)
        if (!pblocktree->WriteTimestampIndex(CTimestampIndexKey(pindex->nTime, pindex->GetBlockHash())))
            return AbortNode(state, "Failed to write timestamp index");

    // add this block to the view's block chain
    view.SetBestBlock(pindex->GetBlockHash());

    int64_t nTime5 = GetTimeMicros(); nTimeIndex += nTime5 - nTime4;
    LogPrint("bench", "    - Index writing: %.2fms [%.2fs]\n", 0.001 * (nTime5 - nTime4), nTimeIndex * 0.000001);

    // Watch for changes to the previous coinbase transaction.
    static uint256 hashPrevBestCoinBase;
    GetMainSignals().UpdatedTransaction(hashPrevBestCoinBase);
    hashPrevBestCoinBase = block.vtx[0].GetHash();

    int64_t nTime6 = GetTimeMicros(); nTimeCallbacks += nTime6 - nTime5;
    LogPrint("bench", "    - Callbacks: %.2fms [%.2fs]\n", 0.001 * (nTime6 - nTime5), nTimeCallbacks * 0.000001);

    return true;
}

/**
 * Update the on-disk chain state.
 * The caches and indexes are flushed depending on the mode we're called with
 * if they're too large, if it's been a while since the last write,
 * or always and in all cases if we're in prune mode and are deleting files.
 */
bool static FlushStateToDisk(CValidationState &state, FlushStateMode mode) {
    int64_t nMempoolUsage = mempool.DynamicMemoryUsage();
    const CChainParams& chainparams = Params();
    LOCK2(cs_main, cs_LastBlockFile);
    static int64_t nLastWrite = 0;
    static int64_t nLastFlush = 0;
    static int64_t nLastSetChain = 0;
    std::set<int> setFilesToPrune;
    bool fFlushForPrune = false;
    try {
    if (fPruneMode && fCheckForPruning && !fReindex) {
        FindFilesToPrune(setFilesToPrune, chainparams.PruneAfterHeight());
        fCheckForPruning = false;
        if (!setFilesToPrune.empty()) {
            fFlushForPrune = true;
            if (!fHavePruned) {
                pblocktree->WriteFlag("prunedblockfiles", true);
                fHavePruned = true;
            }
        }
    }
    int64_t nNow = GetTimeMicros();
    // Avoid writing/flushing immediately after startup.
    if (nLastWrite == 0) {
        nLastWrite = nNow;
    }
    if (nLastFlush == 0) {
        nLastFlush = nNow;
    }
    if (nLastSetChain == 0) {
        nLastSetChain = nNow;
    }
    int64_t nMempoolSizeMax = GetArg("-maxmempool", DEFAULT_MAX_MEMPOOL_SIZE) * 1000000;
    int64_t cacheSize = pcoinsTip->DynamicMemoryUsage() * DB_PEAK_USAGE_FACTOR;
    int64_t nTotalSpace = nCoinCacheUsage + std::max<int64_t>(nMempoolSizeMax - nMempoolUsage, 0);
    // The cache is large and we're within 10% and 10 MiB of the limit, but we have time now (not in the middle of a block processing).
    bool fCacheLarge = mode == FLUSH_STATE_PERIODIC && cacheSize > std::max((9 * nTotalSpace) / 10, nTotalSpace - MAX_BLOCK_COINSDB_USAGE * 1024 * 1024);
    // The cache is over the limit, we have to write now.
    bool fCacheCritical = mode == FLUSH_STATE_IF_NEEDED && cacheSize > nCoinCacheUsage;
    // It's been a while since we wrote the block index to disk. Do this frequently, so we don't need to redownload after a crash.
    bool fPeriodicWrite = mode == FLUSH_STATE_PERIODIC && nNow > nLastWrite + (int64_t)DATABASE_WRITE_INTERVAL * 1000000;
    // It's been very long since we flushed the cache. Do this infrequently, to optimize cache usage.
    bool fPeriodicFlush = mode == FLUSH_STATE_PERIODIC && nNow > nLastFlush + (int64_t)DATABASE_FLUSH_INTERVAL * 1000000;
    // Combine all conditions that result in a full cache flush.
    bool fDoFullFlush = (mode == FLUSH_STATE_ALWAYS) || fCacheLarge || fCacheCritical || fPeriodicFlush || fFlushForPrune;
    // Write blocks and block index to disk.
    if (fDoFullFlush || fPeriodicWrite) {
        // Depend on nMinDiskSpace to ensure we can write block index
        if (!CheckDiskSpace(0))
            return state.Error("out of disk space");
        // First make sure all block and undo data is flushed to disk.
        FlushBlockFile();
        // Then update all block file information (which may refer to block and undo files).
        {
            std::vector<std::pair<int, const CBlockFileInfo*> > vFiles;
            vFiles.reserve(setDirtyFileInfo.size());
            for (set<int>::iterator it = setDirtyFileInfo.begin(); it != setDirtyFileInfo.end(); ) {
                vFiles.push_back(make_pair(*it, &vinfoBlockFile[*it]));
                setDirtyFileInfo.erase(it++);
            }
            std::vector<const CBlockIndex*> vBlocks;
            vBlocks.reserve(setDirtyBlockIndex.size());
            for (set<CBlockIndex*>::iterator it = setDirtyBlockIndex.begin(); it != setDirtyBlockIndex.end(); ) {
                vBlocks.push_back(*it);
                setDirtyBlockIndex.erase(it++);
            }
            if (!pblocktree->WriteBatchSync(vFiles, nLastBlockFile, vBlocks)) {
                return AbortNode(state, "Files to write to block index database");
            }
        }
        // Finally remove any pruned files
        if (fFlushForPrune)
            UnlinkPrunedFiles(setFilesToPrune);
        nLastWrite = nNow;
    }
    // Flush best chain related state. This can only be done if the blocks / block index write was also done.
    if (fDoFullFlush) {
        // Typical Coin structures on disk are around 48 bytes in size.
        // Pushing a new one to the database can cause it to be written
        // twice (once in the log, and once in the tables). This is already
        // an overestimation, as most will delete an existing entry or
        // overwrite one. Still, use a conservative safety factor of 2.
        if (!CheckDiskSpace(48 * 2 * 2 * pcoinsTip->GetCacheSize()))
            return state.Error("out of disk space");
        // Flush the chainstate (which may refer to block index entries).
        if (!pcoinsTip->Flush())
            return AbortNode(state, "Failed to write to coin database");
        nLastFlush = nNow;
    }
    if (fDoFullFlush || ((mode == FLUSH_STATE_ALWAYS || mode == FLUSH_STATE_PERIODIC) && nNow > nLastSetChain + (int64_t)DATABASE_WRITE_INTERVAL * 1000000)) {
        // Update best block in wallet (so we can detect restored wallets).
        GetMainSignals().SetBestChain(chainActive.GetLocator());
        nLastSetChain = nNow;
    }
    } catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
        return AbortNode(state, std::string("System error while flushing: ") + e.what());
    }
    return true;
}

void FlushStateToDisk() {
    CValidationState state;
    FlushStateToDisk(state, FLUSH_STATE_ALWAYS);
}

void PruneAndFlush() {
    CValidationState state;
    fCheckForPruning = true;
    FlushStateToDisk(state, FLUSH_STATE_NONE);
}

/** Update chainActive and related internal data structures. */
void static UpdateTip(CBlockIndex *pindexNew) {
    const CChainParams& chainParams = Params();
    chainActive.SetTip(pindexNew);

    // New best block
    mempool.AddTransactionsUpdated(1);

    LogPrintf("%s: new best=%s  height=%d version=0x%08x log2_work=%.8g  tx=%lu  date=%s progress=%f  cache=%.1fMiB(%utxo)\n", __func__,
      chainActive.Tip()->GetBlockHash().ToString(), chainActive.Height(), chainActive.Tip()->nVersion,
      log(chainActive.Tip()->nChainWork.getdouble())/log(2.0), (unsigned long)chainActive.Tip()->nChainTx,
      DateTimeStrFormat("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", chainActive.Tip()->GetBlockTime()),
      Checkpoints::GuessVerificationProgress(chainParams.Checkpoints(), chainActive.Tip()), pcoinsTip->DynamicMemoryUsage() * (1.0 / (1<<20)), pcoinsTip->GetCacheSize());

    cvBlockChange.notify_all();

    // Check the version of the last 100 blocks to see if we need to upgrade:
    static bool fWarned = false;
    if (!IsInitialBlockDownload())
    {
        int nUpgraded = 0;
        const CBlockIndex* pindex = chainActive.Tip();
        for (int bit = 0; bit < VERSIONBITS_NUM_BITS; bit++) {
            WarningBitsConditionChecker checker(bit);
            ThresholdState state = checker.GetStateFor(pindex, chainParams.GetConsensus(), warningcache[bit]);
            if (state == THRESHOLD_ACTIVE || state == THRESHOLD_LOCKED_IN) {
                if (state == THRESHOLD_ACTIVE) {
                    strMiscWarning = strprintf(_("Warning: unknown new rules activated (versionbit %i)"), bit);
                    if (!fWarned) {
                        CAlert::Notify(strMiscWarning, true);
                        fWarned = true;
                    }
                } else {
                    LogPrintf("%s: unknown new rules are about to activate (versionbit %i)\n", __func__, bit);
                }
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 100 && pindex != NULL; i++)
        {
            int32_t nExpectedVersion = ComputeBlockVersion(pindex->pprev, chainParams.GetConsensus(), true);
            if (pindex->nVersion > VERSIONBITS_LAST_OLD_BLOCK_VERSION && (pindex->nVersion & ~nExpectedVersion) != 0)
                ++nUpgraded;
            pindex = pindex->pprev;
        }
        if (nUpgraded > 0)
            LogPrintf("%s: %d of last 100 blocks have unexpected version\n", __func__, nUpgraded);
        if (nUpgraded > 100/2)
        {
            // strMiscWarning is read by GetWarnings(), called by Qt and the JSON-RPC code to warn the user:
            strMiscWarning = _("Warning: Unknown block versions being mined! It's possible unknown rules are in effect");
            if (!fWarned) {
                CAlert::Notify(strMiscWarning, true);
                fWarned = true;
            }
        }
    }
}

/** Disconnect chainActive's tip. You probably want to call mempool.removeForReorg and manually re-limit mempool size after this, with cs_main held. */
bool static DisconnectTip(CValidationState& state, const Consensus::Params& consensusParams)
{
    CBlockIndex *pindexDelete = chainActive.Tip();
    assert(pindexDelete);
    // Read block from disk.
    CBlock block;
    if (!ReadBlockFromDisk(block, pindexDelete, consensusParams))
        return AbortNode(state, "Failed to read block");
    // Apply the block atomically to the chain state.
    int64_t nStart = GetTimeMicros();
    {
        CCoinsViewCache view(pcoinsTip);
        if (DisconnectBlock(block, state, pindexDelete, view) != DISCONNECT_OK)
            return error("DisconnectTip(): DisconnectBlock %s failed", pindexDelete->GetBlockHash().ToString());
        assert(view.Flush());
    }
    LogPrint("bench", "- Disconnect block: %.2fms\n", (GetTimeMicros() - nStart) * 0.001);
    // Write the chain state to disk, if necessary.
    if (!FlushStateToDisk(state, FLUSH_STATE_IF_NEEDED))
        return false;
    // Resurrect mempool transactions from the disconnected block.
    std::vector<uint256> vHashUpdate;
    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction &tx, block.vtx) {
        // ignore validation errors in resurrected transactions
        list<CTransaction> removed;
        CValidationState stateDummy;
        if (tx.IsCoinBase() || !AcceptToMemoryPool(mempool, stateDummy, tx, false, NULL, NULL, true)) {
            mempool.removeRecursive(tx, removed);
        } else if (mempool.exists(tx.GetHash())) {
            vHashUpdate.push_back(tx.GetHash());
        }
    }
    // AcceptToMemoryPool/addUnchecked all assume that new mempool entries have
    // no in-mempool children, which is generally not true when adding
    // previously-confirmed transactions back to the mempool.
    // UpdateTransactionsFromBlock finds descendants of any transactions in this
    // block that were added back and cleans up the mempool state.
    mempool.UpdateTransactionsFromBlock(vHashUpdate);
    // Update chainActive and related variables.
    UpdateTip(pindexDelete->pprev);
    // Let wallets know transactions went from 1-confirmed to
    // 0-confirmed or conflicted:
    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction &tx, block.vtx) {
        GetMainSignals().SyncTransaction(tx, pindexDelete->pprev, NULL);
    }
    return true;
}

static int64_t nTimeReadFromDisk = 0;
static int64_t nTimeConnectTotal = 0;
static int64_t nTimeFlush = 0;
static int64_t nTimeChainState = 0;
static int64_t nTimePostConnect = 0;

/**
 * Connect a new block to chainActive. pblock is either NULL or a pointer to a CBlock
 * corresponding to pindexNew, to bypass loading it again from disk.
 */
bool static ConnectTip(CValidationState& state, const CChainParams& chainparams, CBlockIndex* pindexNew, const CBlock* pblock)
{
    assert(pindexNew->pprev == chainActive.Tip());
    // Read block from disk.
    int64_t nTime1 = GetTimeMicros();
    CBlock block;
    if (!pblock) {
        if (!ReadBlockFromDisk(block, pindexNew, chainparams.GetConsensus()))
            return AbortNode(state, "Failed to read block");
        pblock = &block;
    }
    // Apply the block atomically to the chain state.
    int64_t nTime2 = GetTimeMicros(); nTimeReadFromDisk += nTime2 - nTime1;
    int64_t nTime3;
    LogPrint("bench", "  - Load block from disk: %.2fms [%.2fs]\n", (nTime2 - nTime1) * 0.001, nTimeReadFromDisk * 0.000001);
    {
        CCoinsViewCache view(pcoinsTip);
        bool rv = ConnectBlock(*pblock, state, pindexNew, view);
        GetMainSignals().BlockChecked(*pblock, state);
        if (!rv) {
            if (state.IsInvalid())
                InvalidBlockFound(pindexNew, state);
            return error("ConnectTip(): ConnectBlock %s failed", pindexNew->GetBlockHash().ToString());
        }
        nTime3 = GetTimeMicros(); nTimeConnectTotal += nTime3 - nTime2;
        LogPrint("bench", "  - Connect total: %.2fms [%.2fs]\n", (nTime3 - nTime2) * 0.001, nTimeConnectTotal * 0.000001);
        assert(view.Flush());
    }
    int64_t nTime4 = GetTimeMicros(); nTimeFlush += nTime4 - nTime3;
    LogPrint("bench", "  - Flush: %.2fms [%.2fs]\n", (nTime4 - nTime3) * 0.001, nTimeFlush * 0.000001);
    // Write the chain state to disk, if necessary.
    if (!FlushStateToDisk(state, FLUSH_STATE_IF_NEEDED))
        return false;
    int64_t nTime5 = GetTimeMicros(); nTimeChainState += nTime5 - nTime4;
    LogPrint("bench", "  - Writing chainstate: %.2fms [%.2fs]\n", (nTime5 - nTime4) * 0.001, nTimeChainState * 0.000001);
    // Remove conflicting transactions from the mempool.
    list<CTransaction> txConflicted;
    mempool.removeForBlock(pblock->vtx, pindexNew->nHeight, txConflicted, !IsInitialBlockDownload());
    // Update chainActive & related variables.
    UpdateTip(pindexNew);
    // Tell wallet about transactions that went from mempool
    // to conflicted:
    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction &tx, txConflicted) {
        GetMainSignals().SyncTransaction(tx, pindexNew, NULL);
    }
    // ... and about transactions that got confirmed:
    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction &tx, pblock->vtx) {
        GetMainSignals().SyncTransaction(tx, pindexNew, pblock);
    }

    int64_t nTime6 = GetTimeMicros(); nTimePostConnect += nTime6 - nTime5; nTimeTotal += nTime6 - nTime1;
    LogPrint("bench", "  - Connect postprocess: %.2fms [%.2fs]\n", (nTime6 - nTime5) * 0.001, nTimePostConnect * 0.000001);
    LogPrint("bench", "- Connect block: %.2fms [%.2fs]\n", (nTime6 - nTime1) * 0.001, nTimeTotal * 0.000001);
    return true;
}

bool DisconnectBlocks(int blocks)
{
    LOCK(cs_main);

    CValidationState state;
    const CChainParams& chainparams = Params();

    LogPrintf("DisconnectBlocks -- Got command to replay %d blocks\n", blocks);
    for(int i = 0; i < blocks; i++) {
        if(!DisconnectTip(state, chainparams.GetConsensus()) || !state.IsValid()) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    return true;
}

void ReprocessBlocks(int nBlocks)
{
    LOCK(cs_main);

    std::map<uint256, int64_t>::iterator it = mapRejectedBlocks.begin();
    while(it != mapRejectedBlocks.end()){
        //use a window twice as large as is usual for the nBlocks we want to reset
        if((*it).second  > GetTime() - (nBlocks*60*5)) {
            BlockMap::iterator mi = mapBlockIndex.find((*it).first);
            if (mi != mapBlockIndex.end() && (*mi).second) {

                CBlockIndex* pindex = (*mi).second;
                LogPrintf("ReprocessBlocks -- %s\n", (*it).first.ToString());

                CValidationState state;
                ReconsiderBlock(state, pindex);
            }
        }
        ++it;
    }

    DisconnectBlocks(nBlocks);

    CValidationState state;
    ActivateBestChain(state, Params());
}

/**
 * Return the tip of the chain with the most work in it, that isn't
 * known to be invalid (it's however far from certain to be valid).
 */
static CBlockIndex* FindMostWorkChain() {
    do {
        CBlockIndex *pindexNew = NULL;

        // Find the best candidate header.
        {
            std::set<CBlockIndex*, CBlockIndexWorkComparator>::reverse_iterator it = setBlockIndexCandidates.rbegin();
            if (it == setBlockIndexCandidates.rend())
                return NULL;
            pindexNew = *it;
        }

        // Check whether all blocks on the path between the currently active chain and the candidate are valid.
        // Just going until the active chain is an optimization, as we know all blocks in it are valid already.
        CBlockIndex *pindexTest = pindexNew;
        bool fInvalidAncestor = false;
        while (pindexTest && !chainActive.Contains(pindexTest)) {
            assert(pindexTest->nChainTx || pindexTest->nHeight == 0);

            // Pruned nodes may have entries in setBlockIndexCandidates for
            // which block files have been deleted.  Remove those as candidates
            // for the most work chain if we come across them; we can't switch
            // to a chain unless we have all the non-active-chain parent blocks.
            bool fFailedChain = pindexTest->nStatus & BLOCK_FAILED_MASK;
            bool fMissingData = !(pindexTest->nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA);
            if (fFailedChain || fMissingData) {
                // Candidate chain is not usable (either invalid or missing data)
                if (fFailedChain && (pindexBestInvalid == NULL || pindexNew->nChainWork > pindexBestInvalid->nChainWork))
                    pindexBestInvalid = pindexNew;
                CBlockIndex *pindexFailed = pindexNew;
                // Remove the entire chain from the set.
                while (pindexTest != pindexFailed) {
                    if (fFailedChain) {
                        pindexFailed->nStatus |= BLOCK_FAILED_CHILD;
                    } else if (fMissingData) {
                        // If we're missing data, then add back to mapBlocksUnlinked,
                        // so that if the block arrives in the future we can try adding
                        // to setBlockIndexCandidates again.
                        mapBlocksUnlinked.insert(std::make_pair(pindexFailed->pprev, pindexFailed));
                    }
                    setBlockIndexCandidates.erase(pindexFailed);
                    pindexFailed = pindexFailed->pprev;
                }
                setBlockIndexCandidates.erase(pindexTest);
                fInvalidAncestor = true;
                break;
            }
            pindexTest = pindexTest->pprev;
        }
        if (!fInvalidAncestor)
            return pindexNew;
    } while(true);
}

/** Delete all entries in setBlockIndexCandidates that are worse than the current tip. */
static void PruneBlockIndexCandidates() {
    // Note that we can't delete the current block itself, as we may need to return to it later in case a
    // reorganization to a better block fails.
    std::set<CBlockIndex*, CBlockIndexWorkComparator>::iterator it = setBlockIndexCandidates.begin();
    while (it != setBlockIndexCandidates.end() && setBlockIndexCandidates.value_comp()(*it, chainActive.Tip())) {
        setBlockIndexCandidates.erase(it++);
    }
    // Either the current tip or a successor of it we're working towards is left in setBlockIndexCandidates.
    assert(!setBlockIndexCandidates.empty());
}

/**
 * Try to make some progress towards making pindexMostWork the active block.
 * pblock is either NULL or a pointer to a CBlock corresponding to pindexMostWork.
 */
static bool ActivateBestChainStep(CValidationState& state, const CChainParams& chainparams, CBlockIndex* pindexMostWork, const CBlock* pblock, bool& fInvalidFound)
{
    AssertLockHeld(cs_main);
    const CBlockIndex *pindexOldTip = chainActive.Tip();
    const CBlockIndex *pindexFork = chainActive.FindFork(pindexMostWork);

    // Disconnect active blocks which are no longer in the best chain.
    bool fBlocksDisconnected = false;
    while (chainActive.Tip() && chainActive.Tip() != pindexFork) {
        if (!DisconnectTip(state, chainparams.GetConsensus()))
            return false;
        fBlocksDisconnected = true;
    }

    // Build list of new blocks to connect.
    std::vector<CBlockIndex*> vpindexToConnect;
    bool fContinue = true;
    int nHeight = pindexFork ? pindexFork->nHeight : -1;
    while (fContinue && nHeight != pindexMostWork->nHeight) {
        // Don't iterate the entire list of potential improvements toward the best tip, as we likely only need
        // a few blocks along the way.
        int nTargetHeight = std::min(nHeight + 32, pindexMostWork->nHeight);
        vpindexToConnect.clear();
        vpindexToConnect.reserve(nTargetHeight - nHeight);
        CBlockIndex *pindexIter = pindexMostWork->GetAncestor(nTargetHeight);
        while (pindexIter && pindexIter->nHeight != nHeight) {
            vpindexToConnect.push_back(pindexIter);
            pindexIter = pindexIter->pprev;
        }
        nHeight = nTargetHeight;

        // Connect new blocks.
        BOOST_REVERSE_FOREACH(CBlockIndex *pindexConnect, vpindexToConnect) {
            if (!ConnectTip(state, chainparams, pindexConnect, pindexConnect == pindexMostWork ? pblock : NULL)) {
                if (state.IsInvalid()) {
                    // The block violates a consensus rule.
                    if (!state.CorruptionPossible())
                        InvalidChainFound(vpindexToConnect.back());
                    state = CValidationState();
                    fInvalidFound = true;
                    fContinue = false;
                    break;
                } else {
                    // A system error occurred (disk space, database error, ...).
                    return false;
                }
            } else {
                PruneBlockIndexCandidates();
                if (!pindexOldTip || chainActive.Tip()->nChainWork > pindexOldTip->nChainWork) {
                    // We're in a better position than we were. Return temporarily to release the lock.
                    fContinue = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (fBlocksDisconnected) {
        mempool.removeForReorg(pcoinsTip, chainActive.Tip()->nHeight + 1, STANDARD_LOCKTIME_VERIFY_FLAGS);
        LimitMempoolSize(mempool, GetArg("-maxmempool", DEFAULT_MAX_MEMPOOL_SIZE) * 1000000, GetArg("-mempoolexpiry", DEFAULT_MEMPOOL_EXPIRY) * 60 * 60);
    }
    mempool.check(pcoinsTip);

    // Callbacks/notifications for a new best chain.
    if (fInvalidFound)
        CheckForkWarningConditionsOnNewFork(vpindexToConnect.back());
    else
        CheckForkWarningConditions();

    return true;
}

static void NotifyHeaderTip() {
    bool fNotify = false;
    bool fInitialBlockDownload = false;
    static CBlockIndex* pindexHeaderOld = NULL;
    CBlockIndex* pindexHeader = NULL;
    {
        LOCK(cs_main);
        pindexHeader = pindexBestHeader;

        if (pindexHeader != pindexHeaderOld) {
            fNotify = true;
            fInitialBlockDownload = IsInitialBlockDownload();
            pindexHeaderOld = pindexHeader;
        }
    }
    // Send block tip changed notifications without cs_main
    if (fNotify) {
        uiInterface.NotifyHeaderTip(fInitialBlockDownload, pindexHeader);
        GetMainSignals().NotifyHeaderTip(pindexHeader, fInitialBlockDownload);
    }
}

/**
 * Make the best chain active, in multiple steps. The result is either failure
 * or an activated best chain. pblock is either NULL or a pointer to a block
 * that is already loaded (to avoid loading it again from disk).
 */
bool ActivateBestChain(CValidationState &state, const CChainParams& chainparams, const CBlock *pblock) {
    CBlockIndex *pindexMostWork = NULL;
    CBlockIndex *pindexNewTip = NULL;
    do {
        boost::this_thread::interruption_point();
        if (ShutdownRequested())
            break;

        const CBlockIndex *pindexFork;
        bool fInitialDownload;
        {
            LOCK(cs_main);
            CBlockIndex *pindexOldTip = chainActive.Tip();
            if (pindexMostWork == NULL) {
                pindexMostWork = FindMostWorkChain();
            }

            // Whether we have anything to do at all.
            if (pindexMostWork == NULL || pindexMostWork == chainActive.Tip())
                return true;

            bool fInvalidFound = false;
            if (!ActivateBestChainStep(state, chainparams, pindexMostWork, pblock && pblock->GetHash() == pindexMostWork->GetBlockHash() ? pblock : NULL, fInvalidFound))
                return false;

            if (fInvalidFound) {
                // Wipe cache, we may need another branch now.
                pindexMostWork = NULL;
            }
            pindexNewTip = chainActive.Tip();
            pindexFork = chainActive.FindFork(pindexOldTip);
            fInitialDownload = IsInitialBlockDownload();
        }
        // When we reach this point, we switched to a new tip (stored in pindexNewTip).

        // Notifications/callbacks that can run without cs_main

        // Notify external listeners about the new tip.
        GetMainSignals().UpdatedBlockTip(pindexNewTip, pindexFork, fInitialDownload);

        // Always notify the UI if a new block tip was connected
        if (pindexFork != pindexNewTip) {
            uiInterface.NotifyBlockTip(fInitialDownload, pindexNewTip);
        }
    } while (pindexNewTip != pindexMostWork);
    CheckBlockIndex(chainparams.GetConsensus());

    // Write changes periodically to disk, after relay.
    if (!FlushStateToDisk(state, FLUSH_STATE_PERIODIC)) {
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

bool InvalidateBlock(CValidationState& state, const Consensus::Params& consensusParams, CBlockIndex *pindex)
{
    AssertLockHeld(cs_main);

    // Mark the block itself as invalid.
    pindex->nStatus |= BLOCK_FAILED_VALID;
    setDirtyBlockIndex.insert(pindex);
    setBlockIndexCandidates.erase(pindex);

    while (chainActive.Contains(pindex)) {
        CBlockIndex *pindexWalk = chainActive.Tip();
        pindexWalk->nStatus |= BLOCK_FAILED_CHILD;
        setDirtyBlockIndex.insert(pindexWalk);
        setBlockIndexCandidates.erase(pindexWalk);
        // ActivateBestChain considers blocks already in chainActive
        // unconditionally valid already, so force disconnect away from it.
        if (!DisconnectTip(state, consensusParams)) {
            mempool.removeForReorg(pcoinsTip, chainActive.Tip()->nHeight + 1, STANDARD_LOCKTIME_VERIFY_FLAGS);
            return false;
        }
    }

    LimitMempoolSize(mempool, GetArg("-maxmempool", DEFAULT_MAX_MEMPOOL_SIZE) * 1000000, GetArg("-mempoolexpiry", DEFAULT_MEMPOOL_EXPIRY) * 60 * 60);

    // The resulting new best tip may not be in setBlockIndexCandidates anymore, so
    // add it again.
    BlockMap::iterator it = mapBlockIndex.begin();
    while (it != mapBlockIndex.end()) {
        if (it->second->IsValid(BLOCK_VALID_TRANSACTIONS) && it->second->nChainTx && !setBlockIndexCandidates.value_comp()(it->second, chainActive.Tip())) {
            setBlockIndexCandidates.insert(it->second);
        }
        it++;
    }

    InvalidChainFound(pindex);
    mempool.removeForReorg(pcoinsTip, chainActive.Tip()->nHeight + 1, STANDARD_LOCKTIME_VERIFY_FLAGS);
    uiInterface.NotifyBlockTip(IsInitialBlockDownload(), pindex->pprev);
    return true;
}

bool ReconsiderBlock(CValidationState& state, CBlockIndex *pindex) {
    AssertLockHeld(cs_main);

    int nHeight = pindex->nHeight;

    // Remove the invalidity flag from this block and all its descendants.
    BlockMap::iterator it = mapBlockIndex.begin();
    while (it != mapBlockIndex.end()) {
        if (!it->second->IsValid() && it->second->GetAncestor(nHeight) == pindex) {
            it->second->nStatus &= ~BLOCK_FAILED_MASK;
            setDirtyBlockIndex.insert(it->second);
            if (it->second->IsValid(BLOCK_VALID_TRANSACTIONS) && it->second->nChainTx && setBlockIndexCandidates.value_comp()(chainActive.Tip(), it->second)) {
                setBlockIndexCandidates.insert(it->second);
            }
            if (it->second == pindexBestInvalid) {
                // Reset invalid block marker if it was pointing to one of those.
                pindexBestInvalid = NULL;
            }
        }
        it++;
    }

    // Remove the invalidity flag from all ancestors too.
    while (pindex != NULL) {
        if (pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_FAILED_MASK) {
            pindex->nStatus &= ~BLOCK_FAILED_MASK;
            setDirtyBlockIndex.insert(pindex);
        }
        pindex = pindex->pprev;
    }
    return true;
}

CBlockIndex* AddToBlockIndex(const CBlockHeader& block)
{
    // Check for duplicate
    uint256 hash = block.GetHash();
    BlockMap::iterator it = mapBlockIndex.find(hash);
    if (it != mapBlockIndex.end())
        return it->second;

    // Construct new block index object
    CBlockIndex* pindexNew = new CBlockIndex(block);
    assert(pindexNew);
    // We assign the sequence id to blocks only when the full data is available,
    // to avoid miners withholding blocks but broadcasting headers, to get a
    // competitive advantage.
    pindexNew->nSequenceId = 0;
    BlockMap::iterator mi = mapBlockIndex.insert(make_pair(hash, pindexNew)).first;
    pindexNew->phashBlock = &((*mi).first);
    BlockMap::iterator miPrev = mapBlockIndex.find(block.hashPrevBlock);
    if (miPrev != mapBlockIndex.end())
    {
        pindexNew->pprev = (*miPrev).second;
        pindexNew->nHeight = pindexNew->pprev->nHeight + 1;
        pindexNew->BuildSkip();
    }
    pindexNew->nChainWork = (pindexNew->pprev ? pindexNew->pprev->nChainWork : 0) + GetBlockProof(*pindexNew);
    pindexNew->RaiseValidity(BLOCK_VALID_TREE);
    if (pindexBestHeader == NULL || pindexBestHeader->nChainWork < pindexNew->nChainWork)
        pindexBestHeader = pindexNew;

    setDirtyBlockIndex.insert(pindexNew);

    return pindexNew;
}

/** Mark a block as having its data received and checked (up to BLOCK_VALID_TRANSACTIONS). */
bool ReceivedBlockTransactions(const CBlock &block, CValidationState& state, CBlockIndex *pindexNew, const CDiskBlockPos& pos)
{
    pindexNew->nTx = block.vtx.size();
    pindexNew->nChainTx = 0;
    pindexNew->nFile = pos.nFile;
    pindexNew->nDataPos = pos.nPos;
    pindexNew->nUndoPos = 0;
    pindexNew->nStatus |= BLOCK_HAVE_DATA;
    pindexNew->RaiseValidity(BLOCK_VALID_TRANSACTIONS);
    setDirtyBlockIndex.insert(pindexNew);

    if (pindexNew->pprev == NULL || pindexNew->pprev->nChainTx) {
        // If pindexNew is the genesis block or all parents are BLOCK_VALID_TRANSACTIONS.
        deque<CBlockIndex*> queue;
        queue.push_back(pindexNew);

        // Recursively process any descendant blocks that now may be eligible to be connected.
        while (!queue.empty()) {
            CBlockIndex *pindex = queue.front();
            queue.pop_front();
            pindex->nChainTx = (pindex->pprev ? pindex->pprev->nChainTx : 0) + pindex->nTx;
            {
                LOCK(cs_nBlockSequenceId);
                pindex->nSequenceId = nBlockSequenceId++;
            }
            if (chainActive.Tip() == NULL || !setBlockIndexCandidates.value_comp()(pindex, chainActive.Tip())) {
                setBlockIndexCandidates.insert(pindex);
            }
            std::pair<std::multimap<CBlockIndex*, CBlockIndex*>::iterator, std::multimap<CBlockIndex*, CBlockIndex*>::iterator> range = mapBlocksUnlinked.equal_range(pindex);
            while (range.first != range.second) {
                std::multimap<CBlockIndex*, CBlockIndex*>::iterator it = range.first;
                queue.push_back(it->second);
                range.first++;
                mapBlocksUnlinked.erase(it);
            }
        }
    } else {
        if (pindexNew->pprev && pindexNew->pprev->IsValid(BLOCK_VALID_TREE)) {
            mapBlocksUnlinked.insert(std::make_pair(pindexNew->pprev, pindexNew));
        }
    }

    return true;
}

bool FindBlockPos(CValidationState &state, CDiskBlockPos &pos, unsigned int nAddSize, unsigned int nHeight, uint64_t nTime, bool fKnown = false)
{
    LOCK(cs_LastBlockFile);

    unsigned int nFile = fKnown ? pos.nFile : nLastBlockFile;
    if (vinfoBlockFile.size() <= nFile) {
        vinfoBlockFile.resize(nFile + 1);
    }

    if (!fKnown) {
        while (vinfoBlockFile[nFile].nSize + nAddSize >= MAX_BLOCKFILE_SIZE) {
            nFile++;
            if (vinfoBlockFile.size() <= nFile) {
                vinfoBlockFile.resize(nFile + 1);
            }
        }
        pos.nFile = nFile;
        pos.nPos = vinfoBlockFile[nFile].nSize;
    }

    if ((int)nFile != nLastBlockFile) {
        if (!fKnown) {
            LogPrintf("Leaving block file %i: %s\n", nLastBlockFile, vinfoBlockFile[nLastBlockFile].ToString());
        }
        FlushBlockFile(!fKnown);
        nLastBlockFile = nFile;
    }

    vinfoBlockFile[nFile].AddBlock(nHeight, nTime);
    if (fKnown)
        vinfoBlockFile[nFile].nSize = std::max(pos.nPos + nAddSize, vinfoBlockFile[nFile].nSize);
    else
        vinfoBlockFile[nFile].nSize += nAddSize;

    if (!fKnown) {
        unsigned int nOldChunks = (pos.nPos + BLOCKFILE_CHUNK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCKFILE_CHUNK_SIZE;
        unsigned int nNewChunks = (vinfoBlockFile[nFile].nSize + BLOCKFILE_CHUNK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCKFILE_CHUNK_SIZE;
        if (nNewChunks > nOldChunks) {
            if (fPruneMode)
                fCheckForPruning = true;
            if (CheckDiskSpace(nNewChunks * BLOCKFILE_CHUNK_SIZE - pos.nPos)) {
                FILE *file = OpenBlockFile(pos);
                if (file) {
                    LogPrintf("Pre-allocating up to position 0x%x in blk%05u.dat\n", nNewChunks * BLOCKFILE_CHUNK_SIZE, pos.nFile);
                    AllocateFileRange(file, pos.nPos, nNewChunks * BLOCKFILE_CHUNK_SIZE - pos.nPos);
                    fclose(file);
                }
            }
            else
                return state.Error("out of disk space");
        }
    }

    setDirtyFileInfo.insert(nFile);
    return true;
}

bool FindUndoPos(CValidationState &state, int nFile, CDiskBlockPos &pos, unsigned int nAddSize)
{
    pos.nFile = nFile;

    LOCK(cs_LastBlockFile);

    unsigned int nNewSize;
    pos.nPos = vinfoBlockFile[nFile].nUndoSize;
    nNewSize = vinfoBlockFile[nFile].nUndoSize += nAddSize;
    setDirtyFileInfo.insert(nFile);

    unsigned int nOldChunks = (pos.nPos + UNDOFILE_CHUNK_SIZE - 1) / UNDOFILE_CHUNK_SIZE;
    unsigned int nNewChunks = (nNewSize + UNDOFILE_CHUNK_SIZE - 1) / UNDOFILE_CHUNK_SIZE;
    if (nNewChunks > nOldChunks) {
        if (fPruneMode)
            fCheckForPruning = true;
        if (CheckDiskSpace(nNewChunks * UNDOFILE_CHUNK_SIZE - pos.nPos)) {
            FILE *file = OpenUndoFile(pos);
            if (file) {
                LogPrintf("Pre-allocating up to position 0x%x in rev%05u.dat\n", nNewChunks * UNDOFILE_CHUNK_SIZE, pos.nFile);
                AllocateFileRange(file, pos.nPos, nNewChunks * UNDOFILE_CHUNK_SIZE - pos.nPos);
                fclose(file);
            }
        }
        else
            return state.Error("out of disk space");
    }

    return true;
}

bool CheckBlockHeader(const CBlockHeader& block, CValidationState& state, bool fCheckPOW)
{
    // Check proof of work matches claimed amount
    if (fCheckPOW && !CheckProofOfWork(block.GetHash(), block.nBits, Params().GetConsensus()))
        return state.DoS(50, false, REJECT_INVALID, "high-hash", false, "proof of work failed");

    // Check timestamp
    if (block.GetBlockTime() > GetAdjustedTime() + 2 * 60 * 60)
        return state.Invalid(false, REJECT_INVALID, "time-too-new", "block timestamp too far in the future");

    // Check DevNet
    if (Params().NetworkIDString() == CBaseChainParams::DEVNET &&
            block.hashPrevBlock == Params().GetConsensus().hashGenesisBlock &&
            block.GetHash() != Params().DevNetGenesisBlock().GetHash()) {
        return state.DoS(100, error("CheckBlockHeader(): wrong devnet genesis"),
                         REJECT_INVALID, "devnet-genesis");
    }

    return true;
}

bool CheckBlock(const CBlock& block, CValidationState& state, bool fCheckPOW, bool fCheckMerkleRoot)
{
    // These are checks that are independent of context.

    if (block.fChecked)
        return true;

    // Check that the header is valid (particularly PoW).  This is mostly
    // redundant with the call in AcceptBlockHeader.
    if (!CheckBlockHeader(block, state, fCheckPOW))
        return false;

    // Check the merkle root.
    if (fCheckMerkleRoot) {
        bool mutated;
        uint256 hashMerkleRoot2 = BlockMerkleRoot(block, &mutated);
        if (block.hashMerkleRoot != hashMerkleRoot2)
            return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txnmrklroot", true, "hashMerkleRoot mismatch");

        // Check for merkle tree malleability (CVE-2012-2459): repeating sequences
        // of transactions in a block without affecting the merkle root of a block,
        // while still invalidating it.
        if (mutated)
            return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-duplicate", true, "duplicate transaction");
    }

    // All potential-corruption validation must be done before we do any
    // transaction validation, as otherwise we may mark the header as invalid
    // because we receive the wrong transactions for it.

    // Size limits (relaxed)
    if (block.vtx.empty() || block.vtx.size() > MaxBlockSize(true) || ::GetSerializeSize(block, SER_NETWORK, PROTOCOL_VERSION) > MaxBlockSize(true))
        return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-blk-length", false, "size limits failed");

    // First transaction must be coinbase, the rest must not be
    if (block.vtx.empty() || !block.vtx[0].IsCoinBase())
        return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-cb-missing", false, "first tx is not coinbase");
    for (unsigned int i = 1; i < block.vtx.size(); i++)
        if (block.vtx[i].IsCoinBase())
            return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-cb-multiple", false, "more than one coinbase");


    // DASH : CHECK TRANSACTIONS FOR INSTANTSEND

    if(sporkManager.IsSporkActive(SPORK_3_INSTANTSEND_BLOCK_FILTERING)) {
        // We should never accept block which conflicts with completed transaction lock,
        // that's why this is in CheckBlock unlike coinbase payee/amount.
        // Require other nodes to comply, send them some data in case they are missing it.
        BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction& tx, block.vtx) {
            // skip coinbase, it has no inputs
            if (tx.IsCoinBase()) continue;
            // LOOK FOR TRANSACTION LOCK IN OUR MAP OF OUTPOINTS
            BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn& txin, tx.vin) {
                uint256 hashLocked;
                if(instantsend.GetLockedOutPointTxHash(txin.prevout, hashLocked) && hashLocked != tx.GetHash()) {
                    // The node which relayed this will have to switch later,
                    // relaying instantsend data won't help it.
                    LOCK(cs_main);
                    mapRejectedBlocks.insert(make_pair(block.GetHash(), GetTime()));
                    return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "conflict-tx-lock", false, 
                                     strprintf("transaction %s conflicts with transaction lock %s", tx.GetHash().ToString(), hashLocked.ToString()));
                }
            }
        }
    } else {
        LogPrintf("CheckBlock(DASH): spork is off, skipping transaction locking checks\n");
    }

    // END DASH

    // Check transactions
    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction& tx, block.vtx)
        if (!CheckTransaction(tx, state))
            return state.Invalid(false, state.GetRejectCode(), state.GetRejectReason(),
                                 strprintf("Transaction check failed (tx hash %s) %s", tx.GetHash().ToString(), state.GetDebugMessage()));

    unsigned int nSigOps = 0;
    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction& tx, block.vtx)
    {
        nSigOps += GetLegacySigOpCount(tx);
    }
    // sigops limits (relaxed)
    if (nSigOps > MaxBlockSigOps(true))
        return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-blk-sigops", false, "out-of-bounds SigOpCount");

    if (fCheckPOW && fCheckMerkleRoot)
        block.fChecked = true;

    return true;
}

static bool CheckIndexAgainstCheckpoint(const CBlockIndex* pindexPrev, CValidationState& state, const CChainParams& chainparams, const uint256& hash)
{
    if (*pindexPrev->phashBlock == chainparams.GetConsensus().hashGenesisBlock)
        return true;

    int nHeight = pindexPrev->nHeight+1;
    // Don't accept any forks from the main chain prior to last checkpoint
    CBlockIndex* pcheckpoint = Checkpoints::GetLastCheckpoint(chainparams.Checkpoints());
    if (pcheckpoint && nHeight < pcheckpoint->nHeight)
        return state.DoS(100, error("%s: forked chain older than last checkpoint (height %d)", __func__, nHeight));

    return true;
}

bool ContextualCheckBlockHeader(const CBlockHeader& block, CValidationState& state, CBlockIndex * const pindexPrev)
{
    const Consensus::Params& consensusParams = Params().GetConsensus();
    int nHeight = pindexPrev->nHeight + 1;
    // Check proof of work
    if(Params().NetworkIDString() == CBaseChainParams::MAIN && nHeight <= 68589){
        // architecture issues with DGW v1 and v2)
        unsigned int nBitsNext = GetNextWorkRequired(pindexPrev, &block, consensusParams);
        double n1 = ConvertBitsToDouble(block.nBits);
        double n2 = ConvertBitsToDouble(nBitsNext);

        if (abs(n1-n2) > n1*0.5)
            return state.DoS(100, error("%s : incorrect proof of work (DGW pre-fork) - %f %f %f at %d", __func__, abs(n1-n2), n1, n2, nHeight),
                            REJECT_INVALID, "bad-diffbits");
    } else {
        if (block.nBits != GetNextWorkRequired(pindexPrev, &block, consensusParams))
            return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-diffbits", false, strprintf("incorrect proof of work at %d", nHeight));
    }

    // Check timestamp against prev
    if (block.GetBlockTime() <= pindexPrev->GetMedianTimePast())
        return state.Invalid(false, REJECT_INVALID, "time-too-old", "block's timestamp is too early");

    // Reject outdated version blocks when 95% (75% on testnet) of the network has upgraded:
    for (int32_t version = 2; version < 5; ++version) // check for version 2, 3 and 4 upgrades
        if (block.nVersion < version && IsSuperMajority(version, pindexPrev, consensusParams.nMajorityRejectBlockOutdated, consensusParams))
            return state.Invalid(false, REJECT_OBSOLETE, strprintf("bad-version(0x%08x)", version - 1),
                                 strprintf("rejected nVersion=0x%08x block", version - 1));

    return true;
}

bool ContextualCheckBlock(const CBlock& block, CValidationState& state, CBlockIndex * const pindexPrev)
{
    const int nHeight = pindexPrev == NULL ? 0 : pindexPrev->nHeight + 1;
    const Consensus::Params& consensusParams = Params().GetConsensus();

    // Start enforcing BIP113 (Median Time Past) using versionbits logic.
    int nLockTimeFlags = 0;
    if (VersionBitsState(pindexPrev, consensusParams, Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV, versionbitscache) == THRESHOLD_ACTIVE) {
        nLockTimeFlags |= LOCKTIME_MEDIAN_TIME_PAST;
    }

    int64_t nLockTimeCutoff = (nLockTimeFlags & LOCKTIME_MEDIAN_TIME_PAST)
                              ? pindexPrev->GetMedianTimePast()
                              : block.GetBlockTime();

    bool fDIP0001Active_context = (VersionBitsState(pindexPrev, consensusParams, Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_DIP0001, versionbitscache) == THRESHOLD_ACTIVE);

    // Size limits
    unsigned int nMaxBlockSize = MaxBlockSize(fDIP0001Active_context);
    if (block.vtx.empty() || block.vtx.size() > nMaxBlockSize || ::GetSerializeSize(block, SER_NETWORK, PROTOCOL_VERSION) > nMaxBlockSize)
        return state.DoS(10, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-blk-length", false, "size limits failed");

    // Check that all transactions are finalized and not over-sized
    // Also count sigops
    unsigned int nSigOps = 0;
    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction& tx, block.vtx) {
        if (!IsFinalTx(tx, nHeight, nLockTimeCutoff)) {
            return state.DoS(10, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-nonfinal", false, "non-final transaction");
        }
        if (fDIP0001Active_context && ::GetSerializeSize(tx, SER_NETWORK, PROTOCOL_VERSION) > MAX_STANDARD_TX_SIZE) {
            return state.DoS(10, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-txns-oversized", false, "contains an over-sized transaction");
        }
        nSigOps += GetLegacySigOpCount(tx);
    }

    // Check sigops
    if (nSigOps > MaxBlockSigOps(fDIP0001Active_context))
        return state.DoS(10, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-blk-sigops", false, "out-of-bounds SigOpCount");

    // Enforce block.nVersion=2 rule that the coinbase starts with serialized block height
    // if 750 of the last 1,000 blocks are version 2 or greater (51/100 if testnet):
    if (block.nVersion >= 2 && IsSuperMajority(2, pindexPrev, consensusParams.nMajorityEnforceBlockUpgrade, consensusParams))
    {
        CScript expect = CScript() << nHeight;
        if (block.vtx[0].vin[0].scriptSig.size() < expect.size() ||
            !std::equal(expect.begin(), expect.end(), block.vtx[0].vin[0].scriptSig.begin())) {
            return state.DoS(100, false, REJECT_INVALID, "bad-cb-height", false, "block height mismatch in coinbase");
        }
    }

    return true;
}

static bool AcceptBlockHeader(const CBlockHeader& block, CValidationState& state, const CChainParams& chainparams, CBlockIndex** ppindex)
{
    AssertLockHeld(cs_main);
    // Check for duplicate
    uint256 hash = block.GetHash();
    BlockMap::iterator miSelf = mapBlockIndex.find(hash);
    CBlockIndex *pindex = NULL;

    // TODO : ENABLE BLOCK CACHE IN SPECIFIC CASES
    if (hash != chainparams.GetConsensus().hashGenesisBlock) {

        if (miSelf != mapBlockIndex.end()) {
            // Block header is already known.
            pindex = miSelf->second;
            if (ppindex)
                *ppindex = pindex;
            if (pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_FAILED_MASK)
                return state.Invalid(error("%s: block is marked invalid", __func__), 0, "duplicate");
            return true;
        }

        if (!CheckBlockHeader(block, state))
            return error("%s: Consensus::CheckBlockHeader: %s, %s", __func__, hash.ToString(), FormatStateMessage(state));

        // Get prev block index
        CBlockIndex* pindexPrev = NULL;
        BlockMap::iterator mi = mapBlockIndex.find(block.hashPrevBlock);
        if (mi == mapBlockIndex.end())
            return state.DoS(10, error("%s: prev block not found", __func__), 0, "bad-prevblk");
        pindexPrev = (*mi).second;
        if (pindexPrev->nStatus & BLOCK_FAILED_MASK)
            return state.DoS(100, error("%s: prev block invalid", __func__), REJECT_INVALID, "bad-prevblk");

        assert(pindexPrev);
        if (fCheckpointsEnabled && !CheckIndexAgainstCheckpoint(pindexPrev, state, chainparams, hash))
            return error("%s: CheckIndexAgainstCheckpoint(): %s", __func__, state.GetRejectReason().c_str());

        if (!ContextualCheckBlockHeader(block, state, pindexPrev))
            return error("%s: Consensus::ContextualCheckBlockHeader: %s, %s", __func__, hash.ToString(), FormatStateMessage(state));
    }
    if (pindex == NULL)
        pindex = AddToBlockIndex(block);

    if (ppindex)
        *ppindex = pindex;

    CheckBlockIndex(chainparams.GetConsensus());

    // Notify external listeners about accepted block header
    GetMainSignals().AcceptedBlockHeader(pindex);

    return true;
}

// Exposed wrapper for AcceptBlockHeader
bool ProcessNewBlockHeaders(const std::vector<CBlockHeader>& headers, CValidationState& state, const CChainParams& chainparams, CBlockIndex** ppindex)
{
    {
        LOCK(cs_main);
        for (const CBlockHeader& header : headers) {
            if (!AcceptBlockHeader(header, state, chainparams, ppindex)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
    NotifyHeaderTip();
    return true;
}

/** Store block on disk. If dbp is non-NULL, the file is known to already reside on disk */
static bool AcceptBlock(const CBlock& block, CValidationState& state, const CChainParams& chainparams, CBlockIndex** ppindex, bool fRequested, const CDiskBlockPos* dbp, bool* fNewBlock)
{
    if (fNewBlock) *fNewBlock = false;
    AssertLockHeld(cs_main);

    CBlockIndex *pindexDummy = NULL;
    CBlockIndex *&pindex = ppindex ? *ppindex : pindexDummy;

    if (!AcceptBlockHeader(block, state, chainparams, &pindex))
        return false;

    // Try to process all requested blocks that we don't have, but only
    // process an unrequested block if it's new and has enough work to
    // advance our tip, and isn't too many blocks ahead.
    bool fAlreadyHave = pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA;
    bool fHasMoreWork = (chainActive.Tip() ? pindex->nChainWork > chainActive.Tip()->nChainWork : true);
    // Blocks that are too out-of-order needlessly limit the effectiveness of
    // pruning, because pruning will not delete block files that contain any
    // blocks which are too close in height to the tip.  Apply this test
    // regardless of whether pruning is enabled; it should generally be safe to
    // not process unrequested blocks.
    bool fTooFarAhead = (pindex->nHeight > int(chainActive.Height() + MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP));

    // TODO: Decouple this function from the block download logic by removing fRequested
    // This requires some new chain datastructure to efficiently look up if a
    // block is in a chain leading to a candidate for best tip, despite not
    // being such a candidate itself.

    // TODO: deal better with return value and error conditions for duplicate
    // and unrequested blocks.
    if (fAlreadyHave) return true;
    if (!fRequested) {  // If we didn't ask for it:
        if (pindex->nTx != 0) return true;  // This is a previously-processed block that was pruned
        if (!fHasMoreWork) return true;     // Don't process less-work chains
        if (fTooFarAhead) return true;      // Block height is too high
    }
    if (fNewBlock) *fNewBlock = true;

    if ((!CheckBlock(block, state)) || !ContextualCheckBlock(block, state, pindex->pprev)) {
        if (state.IsInvalid() && !state.CorruptionPossible()) {
            pindex->nStatus |= BLOCK_FAILED_VALID;
            setDirtyBlockIndex.insert(pindex);
        }
        return error("%s: %s", __func__, FormatStateMessage(state));
    }

    int nHeight = pindex->nHeight;

    // Write block to history file
    try {
        unsigned int nBlockSize = ::GetSerializeSize(block, SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);
        CDiskBlockPos blockPos;
        if (dbp != NULL)
            blockPos = *dbp;
        if (!FindBlockPos(state, blockPos, nBlockSize+8, nHeight, block.GetBlockTime(), dbp != NULL))
            return error("AcceptBlock(): FindBlockPos failed");
        if (dbp == NULL)
            if (!WriteBlockToDisk(block, blockPos, chainparams.MessageStart()))
                AbortNode(state, "Failed to write block");
        if (!ReceivedBlockTransactions(block, state, pindex, blockPos))
            return error("AcceptBlock(): ReceivedBlockTransactions failed");
    } catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
        return AbortNode(state, std::string("System error: ") + e.what());
    }

    if (fCheckForPruning)
        FlushStateToDisk(state, FLUSH_STATE_NONE); // we just allocated more disk space for block files

    return true;
}

static bool IsSuperMajority(int minVersion, const CBlockIndex* pstart, unsigned nRequired, const Consensus::Params& consensusParams)
{
    unsigned int nFound = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < consensusParams.nMajorityWindow && nFound < nRequired && pstart != NULL; i++)
    {
        if (pstart->nVersion >= minVersion)
            ++nFound;
        pstart = pstart->pprev;
    }
    return (nFound >= nRequired);
}


bool ProcessNewBlock(const CChainParams& chainparams, const CBlock* pblock, bool fForceProcessing, const CDiskBlockPos* dbp, bool *fNewBlock)
{
    {
        LOCK(cs_main);

        // Store to disk
        CBlockIndex *pindex = NULL;
        if (fNewBlock) *fNewBlock = false;
        CValidationState state;
        bool ret = AcceptBlock(*pblock, state, chainparams, &pindex, fForceProcessing, dbp, fNewBlock);
        CheckBlockIndex(chainparams.GetConsensus());
        if (!ret) {
            GetMainSignals().BlockChecked(*pblock, state);
            return error("%s: AcceptBlock FAILED", __func__);
        }
    }

    NotifyHeaderTip();

    CValidationState state; // Only used to report errors, not invalidity - ignore it
    if (!ActivateBestChain(state, chainparams, pblock))
        return error("%s: ActivateBestChain failed", __func__);

    LogPrintf("%s : ACCEPTED\n", __func__);
    return true;
}

bool TestBlockValidity(CValidationState& state, const CChainParams& chainparams, const CBlock& block, CBlockIndex* pindexPrev, bool fCheckPOW, bool fCheckMerkleRoot)
{
    AssertLockHeld(cs_main);
    assert(pindexPrev && pindexPrev == chainActive.Tip());
    if (fCheckpointsEnabled && !CheckIndexAgainstCheckpoint(pindexPrev, state, chainparams, block.GetHash()))
        return error("%s: CheckIndexAgainstCheckpoint(): %s", __func__, state.GetRejectReason().c_str());

    CCoinsViewCache viewNew(pcoinsTip);
    CBlockIndex indexDummy(block);
    indexDummy.pprev = pindexPrev;
    indexDummy.nHeight = pindexPrev->nHeight + 1;

    // NOTE: CheckBlockHeader is called by CheckBlock
    if (!ContextualCheckBlockHeader(block, state, pindexPrev))
        return error("%s: Consensus::ContextualCheckBlockHeader: %s", __func__, FormatStateMessage(state));
    if (!CheckBlock(block, state, fCheckPOW, fCheckMerkleRoot))
        return error("%s: Consensus::CheckBlock: %s", __func__, FormatStateMessage(state));
    if (!ContextualCheckBlock(block, state, pindexPrev))
        return error("%s: Consensus::ContextualCheckBlock: %s", __func__, FormatStateMessage(state));
    if (!ConnectBlock(block, state, &indexDummy, viewNew, true))
        return false;
    assert(state.IsValid());

    return true;
}

/**
 * BLOCK PRUNING CODE
 */

/* Calculate the amount of disk space the block & undo files currently use */
uint64_t CalculateCurrentUsage()
{
    uint64_t retval = 0;
    BOOST_FOREACH(const CBlockFileInfo &file, vinfoBlockFile) {
        retval += file.nSize + file.nUndoSize;
    }
    return retval;
}

/* Prune a block file (modify associated database entries)*/
void PruneOneBlockFile(const int fileNumber)
{
    for (BlockMap::iterator it = mapBlockIndex.begin(); it != mapBlockIndex.end(); ++it) {
        CBlockIndex* pindex = it->second;
        if (pindex->nFile == fileNumber) {
            pindex->nStatus &= ~BLOCK_HAVE_DATA;
            pindex->nStatus &= ~BLOCK_HAVE_UNDO;
            pindex->nFile = 0;
            pindex->nDataPos = 0;
            pindex->nUndoPos = 0;
            setDirtyBlockIndex.insert(pindex);

            // Prune from mapBlocksUnlinked -- any block we prune would have
            // to be downloaded again in order to consider its chain, at which
            // point it would be considered as a candidate for
            // mapBlocksUnlinked or setBlockIndexCandidates.
            std::pair<std::multimap<CBlockIndex*, CBlockIndex*>::iterator, std::multimap<CBlockIndex*, CBlockIndex*>::iterator> range = mapBlocksUnlinked.equal_range(pindex->pprev);
            while (range.first != range.second) {
                std::multimap<CBlockIndex *, CBlockIndex *>::iterator it = range.first;
                range.first++;
                if (it->second == pindex) {
                    mapBlocksUnlinked.erase(it);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    vinfoBlockFile[fileNumber].SetNull();
    setDirtyFileInfo.insert(fileNumber);
}


void UnlinkPrunedFiles(std::set<int>& setFilesToPrune)
{
    for (set<int>::iterator it = setFilesToPrune.begin(); it != setFilesToPrune.end(); ++it) {
        CDiskBlockPos pos(*it, 0);
        boost::filesystem::remove(GetBlockPosFilename(pos, "blk"));
        boost::filesystem::remove(GetBlockPosFilename(pos, "rev"));
        LogPrintf("Prune: %s deleted blk/rev (%05u)\n", __func__, *it);
    }
}

/* Calculate the block/rev files that should be deleted to remain under target*/
void FindFilesToPrune(std::set<int>& setFilesToPrune, uint64_t nPruneAfterHeight)
{
    LOCK2(cs_main, cs_LastBlockFile);
    if (chainActive.Tip() == NULL || nPruneTarget == 0) {
        return;
    }
    if ((uint64_t)chainActive.Tip()->nHeight <= nPruneAfterHeight) {
        return;
    }

    unsigned int nLastBlockWeCanPrune = chainActive.Tip()->nHeight - MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP;
    uint64_t nCurrentUsage = CalculateCurrentUsage();
    // We don't check to prune until after we've allocated new space for files
    // So we should leave a buffer under our target to account for another allocation
    // before the next pruning.
    uint64_t nBuffer = BLOCKFILE_CHUNK_SIZE + UNDOFILE_CHUNK_SIZE;
    uint64_t nBytesToPrune;
    int count=0;

    if (nCurrentUsage + nBuffer >= nPruneTarget) {
        for (int fileNumber = 0; fileNumber < nLastBlockFile; fileNumber++) {
            nBytesToPrune = vinfoBlockFile[fileNumber].nSize + vinfoBlockFile[fileNumber].nUndoSize;

            if (vinfoBlockFile[fileNumber].nSize == 0)
                continue;

            if (nCurrentUsage + nBuffer < nPruneTarget)  // are we below our target?
                break;

            // don't prune files that could have a block within MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP of the main chain's tip but keep scanning
            if (vinfoBlockFile[fileNumber].nHeightLast > nLastBlockWeCanPrune)
                continue;

            PruneOneBlockFile(fileNumber);
            // Queue up the files for removal
            setFilesToPrune.insert(fileNumber);
            nCurrentUsage -= nBytesToPrune;
            count++;
        }
    }

    LogPrint("prune", "Prune: target=%dMiB actual=%dMiB diff=%dMiB max_prune_height=%d removed %d blk/rev pairs\n",
           nPruneTarget/1024/1024, nCurrentUsage/1024/1024,
           ((int64_t)nPruneTarget - (int64_t)nCurrentUsage)/1024/1024,
           nLastBlockWeCanPrune, count);
}

bool CheckDiskSpace(uint64_t nAdditionalBytes)
{
    uint64_t nFreeBytesAvailable = boost::filesystem::space(GetDataDir()).available;

    // Check for nMinDiskSpace bytes (currently 50MB)
    if (nFreeBytesAvailable < nMinDiskSpace + nAdditionalBytes)
        return AbortNode("Disk space is low!", _("Error: Disk space is low!"));

    return true;
}

FILE* OpenDiskFile(const CDiskBlockPos &pos, const char *prefix, bool fReadOnly)
{
    if (pos.IsNull())
        return NULL;
    boost::filesystem::path path = GetBlockPosFilename(pos, prefix);
    boost::filesystem::create_directories(path.parent_path());
    FILE* file = fopen(path.string().c_str(), "rb+");
    if (!file && !fReadOnly)
        file = fopen(path.string().c_str(), "wb+");
    if (!file) {
        LogPrintf("Unable to open file %s\n", path.string());
        return NULL;
    }
    if (pos.nPos) {
        if (fseek(file, pos.nPos, SEEK_SET)) {
            LogPrintf("Unable to seek to position %u of %s\n", pos.nPos, path.string());
            fclose(file);
            return NULL;
        }
    }
    return file;
}

FILE* OpenBlockFile(const CDiskBlockPos &pos, bool fReadOnly) {
    return OpenDiskFile(pos, "blk", fReadOnly);
}

FILE* OpenUndoFile(const CDiskBlockPos &pos, bool fReadOnly) {
    return OpenDiskFile(pos, "rev", fReadOnly);
}

boost::filesystem::path GetBlockPosFilename(const CDiskBlockPos &pos, const char *prefix)
{
    return GetDataDir() / "blocks" / strprintf("%s%05u.dat", prefix, pos.nFile);
}

CBlockIndex * InsertBlockIndex(uint256 hash)
{
    if (hash.IsNull())
        return NULL;

    // Return existing
    BlockMap::iterator mi = mapBlockIndex.find(hash);
    if (mi != mapBlockIndex.end())
        return (*mi).second;

    // Create new
    CBlockIndex* pindexNew = new CBlockIndex();
    if (!pindexNew)
        throw runtime_error("InsertBlockIndex(): new CBlockIndex failed");
    mi = mapBlockIndex.insert(make_pair(hash, pindexNew)).first;
    pindexNew->phashBlock = &((*mi).first);

    return pindexNew;
}

bool static LoadBlockIndexDB()
{
    const CChainParams& chainparams = Params();
    if (!pblocktree->LoadBlockIndexGuts(InsertBlockIndex))
        return false;

    boost::this_thread::interruption_point();

    // Calculate nChainWork
    vector<pair<int, CBlockIndex*> > vSortedByHeight;
    vSortedByHeight.reserve(mapBlockIndex.size());
    BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(uint256, CBlockIndex*)& item, mapBlockIndex)
    {
        CBlockIndex* pindex = item.second;
        vSortedByHeight.push_back(make_pair(pindex->nHeight, pindex));
    }
    sort(vSortedByHeight.begin(), vSortedByHeight.end());
    BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(int, CBlockIndex*)& item, vSortedByHeight)
    {
        CBlockIndex* pindex = item.second;
        pindex->nChainWork = (pindex->pprev ? pindex->pprev->nChainWork : 0) + GetBlockProof(*pindex);
        // We can link the chain of blocks for which we've received transactions at some point.
        // Pruned nodes may have deleted the block.
        if (pindex->nTx > 0) {
            if (pindex->pprev) {
                if (pindex->pprev->nChainTx) {
                    pindex->nChainTx = pindex->pprev->nChainTx + pindex->nTx;
                } else {
                    pindex->nChainTx = 0;
                    mapBlocksUnlinked.insert(std::make_pair(pindex->pprev, pindex));
                }
            } else {
                pindex->nChainTx = pindex->nTx;
            }
        }
        if (pindex->IsValid(BLOCK_VALID_TRANSACTIONS) && (pindex->nChainTx || pindex->pprev == NULL))
            setBlockIndexCandidates.insert(pindex);
        if (pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_FAILED_MASK && (!pindexBestInvalid || pindex->nChainWork > pindexBestInvalid->nChainWork))
            pindexBestInvalid = pindex;
        if (pindex->pprev)
            pindex->BuildSkip();
        if (pindex->IsValid(BLOCK_VALID_TREE) && (pindexBestHeader == NULL || CBlockIndexWorkComparator()(pindexBestHeader, pindex)))
            pindexBestHeader = pindex;
    }

    // Load block file info
    pblocktree->ReadLastBlockFile(nLastBlockFile);
    vinfoBlockFile.resize(nLastBlockFile + 1);
    LogPrintf("%s: last block file = %i\n", __func__, nLastBlockFile);
    for (int nFile = 0; nFile <= nLastBlockFile; nFile++) {
        pblocktree->ReadBlockFileInfo(nFile, vinfoBlockFile[nFile]);
    }
    LogPrintf("%s: last block file info: %s\n", __func__, vinfoBlockFile[nLastBlockFile].ToString());
    for (int nFile = nLastBlockFile + 1; true; nFile++) {
        CBlockFileInfo info;
        if (pblocktree->ReadBlockFileInfo(nFile, info)) {
            vinfoBlockFile.push_back(info);
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }

    // Check presence of blk files
    LogPrintf("Checking all blk files are present...\n");
    set<int> setBlkDataFiles;
    BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(uint256, CBlockIndex*)& item, mapBlockIndex)
    {
        CBlockIndex* pindex = item.second;
        if (pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA) {
            setBlkDataFiles.insert(pindex->nFile);
        }
    }
    for (std::set<int>::iterator it = setBlkDataFiles.begin(); it != setBlkDataFiles.end(); it++)
    {
        CDiskBlockPos pos(*it, 0);
        if (CAutoFile(OpenBlockFile(pos, true), SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION).IsNull()) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    // Check whether we have ever pruned block & undo files
    pblocktree->ReadFlag("prunedblockfiles", fHavePruned);
    if (fHavePruned)
        LogPrintf("LoadBlockIndexDB(): Block files have previously been pruned\n");

    // Check whether we need to continue reindexing
    bool fReindexing = false;
    pblocktree->ReadReindexing(fReindexing);
    fReindex |= fReindexing;

    // Check whether we have a transaction index
    pblocktree->ReadFlag("txindex", fTxIndex);
    LogPrintf("%s: transaction index %s\n", __func__, fTxIndex ? "enabled" : "disabled");

    // Check whether we have an address index
    pblocktree->ReadFlag("addressindex", fAddressIndex);
    LogPrintf("%s: address index %s\n", __func__, fAddressIndex ? "enabled" : "disabled");

    // Check whether we have a timestamp index
    pblocktree->ReadFlag("timestampindex", fTimestampIndex);
    LogPrintf("%s: timestamp index %s\n", __func__, fTimestampIndex ? "enabled" : "disabled");

    // Check whether we have a spent index
    pblocktree->ReadFlag("spentindex", fSpentIndex);
    LogPrintf("%s: spent index %s\n", __func__, fSpentIndex ? "enabled" : "disabled");

    // Load pointer to end of best chain
    BlockMap::iterator it = mapBlockIndex.find(pcoinsTip->GetBestBlock());
    if (it == mapBlockIndex.end())
        return true;
    chainActive.SetTip(it->second);

    PruneBlockIndexCandidates();

    LogPrintf("%s: hashBestChain=%s height=%d date=%s progress=%f\n", __func__,
        chainActive.Tip()->GetBlockHash().ToString(), chainActive.Height(),
        DateTimeStrFormat("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", chainActive.Tip()->GetBlockTime()),
        Checkpoints::GuessVerificationProgress(chainparams.Checkpoints(), chainActive.Tip()));

    return true;
}

CVerifyDB::CVerifyDB()
{
    uiInterface.ShowProgress(_("Verifying blocks..."), 0);
}

CVerifyDB::~CVerifyDB()
{
    uiInterface.ShowProgress("", 100);
}

bool CVerifyDB::VerifyDB(const CChainParams& chainparams, CCoinsView *coinsview, int nCheckLevel, int nCheckDepth)
{
    LOCK(cs_main);
    if (chainActive.Tip() == NULL || chainActive.Tip()->pprev == NULL)
        return true;

    // Verify blocks in the best chain
    if (nCheckDepth <= 0)
        nCheckDepth = 1000000000; // suffices until the year 19000
    if (nCheckDepth > chainActive.Height())
        nCheckDepth = chainActive.Height();
    nCheckLevel = std::max(0, std::min(4, nCheckLevel));
    LogPrintf("Verifying last %i blocks at level %i\n", nCheckDepth, nCheckLevel);
    CCoinsViewCache coins(coinsview);
    CBlockIndex* pindexState = chainActive.Tip();
    CBlockIndex* pindexFailure = NULL;
    int nGoodTransactions = 0;
    CValidationState state;
    for (CBlockIndex* pindex = chainActive.Tip(); pindex && pindex->pprev; pindex = pindex->pprev)
    {
        boost::this_thread::interruption_point();
        uiInterface.ShowProgress(_("Verifying blocks..."), std::max(1, std::min(99, (int)(((double)(chainActive.Height() - pindex->nHeight)) / (double)nCheckDepth * (nCheckLevel >= 4 ? 50 : 100)))));
        if (pindex->nHeight < chainActive.Height()-nCheckDepth)
            break;
        CBlock block;
        // check level 0: read from disk
        if (!ReadBlockFromDisk(block, pindex, chainparams.GetConsensus()))
            return error("VerifyDB(): *** ReadBlockFromDisk failed at %d, hash=%s", pindex->nHeight, pindex->GetBlockHash().ToString());
        // check level 1: verify block validity
        if (nCheckLevel >= 1 && !CheckBlock(block, state))
            return error("%s: *** found bad block at %d, hash=%s (%s)\n", __func__, 
                         pindex->nHeight, pindex->GetBlockHash().ToString(), FormatStateMessage(state));
        // check level 2: verify undo validity
        if (nCheckLevel >= 2 && pindex) {
            CBlockUndo undo;
            CDiskBlockPos pos = pindex->GetUndoPos();
            if (!pos.IsNull()) {
                if (!UndoReadFromDisk(undo, pos, pindex->pprev->GetBlockHash()))
                    return error("VerifyDB(): *** found bad undo data at %d, hash=%s\n", pindex->nHeight, pindex->GetBlockHash().ToString());
            }
        }
        // check level 3: check for inconsistencies during memory-only disconnect of tip blocks
        if (nCheckLevel >= 3 && pindex == pindexState && (coins.DynamicMemoryUsage() + pcoinsTip->DynamicMemoryUsage()) <= nCoinCacheUsage) {
            DisconnectResult res = DisconnectBlock(block, state, pindex, coins);
            if (res == DISCONNECT_FAILED) {
                return error("VerifyDB(): *** irrecoverable inconsistency in block data at %d, hash=%s", pindex->nHeight, pindex->GetBlockHash().ToString());
            }
            pindexState = pindex->pprev;
            if (res == DISCONNECT_UNCLEAN) {
                nGoodTransactions = 0;
                pindexFailure = pindex;
            } else {
                nGoodTransactions += block.vtx.size();
            }
        }
        if (ShutdownRequested())
            return true;
    }
    if (pindexFailure)
        return error("VerifyDB(): *** coin database inconsistencies found (last %i blocks, %i good transactions before that)\n", chainActive.Height() - pindexFailure->nHeight + 1, nGoodTransactions);

    // check level 4: try reconnecting blocks
    if (nCheckLevel >= 4) {
        CBlockIndex *pindex = pindexState;
        while (pindex != chainActive.Tip()) {
            boost::this_thread::interruption_point();
            uiInterface.ShowProgress(_("Verifying blocks..."), std::max(1, std::min(99, 100 - (int)(((double)(chainActive.Height() - pindex->nHeight)) / (double)nCheckDepth * 50))));
            pindex = chainActive.Next(pindex);
            CBlock block;
            if (!ReadBlockFromDisk(block, pindex, chainparams.GetConsensus()))
                return error("VerifyDB(): *** ReadBlockFromDisk failed at %d, hash=%s", pindex->nHeight, pindex->GetBlockHash().ToString());
            if (!ConnectBlock(block, state, pindex, coins))
                return error("VerifyDB(): *** found unconnectable block at %d, hash=%s", pindex->nHeight, pindex->GetBlockHash().ToString());
        }
    }

    LogPrintf("No coin database inconsistencies in last %i blocks (%i transactions)\n", chainActive.Height() - pindexState->nHeight, nGoodTransactions);

    return true;
}

// May NOT be used after any connections are up as much
// of the peer-processing logic assumes a consistent
// block index state
void UnloadBlockIndex()
{
    LOCK(cs_main);
    setBlockIndexCandidates.clear();
    chainActive.SetTip(NULL);
    pindexBestInvalid = NULL;
    pindexBestHeader = NULL;
    mempool.clear();
    mapBlocksUnlinked.clear();
    vinfoBlockFile.clear();
    nLastBlockFile = 0;
    nBlockSequenceId = 1;
    setDirtyBlockIndex.clear();
    setDirtyFileInfo.clear();
    versionbitscache.Clear();
    for (int b = 0; b < VERSIONBITS_NUM_BITS; b++) {
        warningcache[b].clear();
    }

    BOOST_FOREACH(BlockMap::value_type& entry, mapBlockIndex) {
        delete entry.second;
    }
    mapBlockIndex.clear();
    fHavePruned = false;
}

bool LoadBlockIndex()
{
    // Load block index from databases
    if (!fReindex && !LoadBlockIndexDB())
        return false;
    return true;
}

static bool AddGenesisBlock(const CChainParams& chainparams, const CBlock& block, CValidationState& state)
{
    // Start new block file
    unsigned int nBlockSize = ::GetSerializeSize(block, SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);
    CDiskBlockPos blockPos;
    if (!FindBlockPos(state, blockPos, nBlockSize+8, 0, block.GetBlockTime()))
        return error("%s: FindBlockPos failed", __func__);
    if (!WriteBlockToDisk(block, blockPos, chainparams.MessageStart()))
        return error("%s: writing genesis block to disk failed", __func__);
    CBlockIndex *pindex = AddToBlockIndex(block);
    if (!ReceivedBlockTransactions(block, state, pindex, blockPos))
        return error("%s: genesis block not accepted", __func__);
    if (!ActivateBestChain(state, chainparams, &block))
        return error("%s: genesis block cannot be activated", __func__);
    return true;
}

bool InitBlockIndex(const CChainParams& chainparams) 
{
    LOCK(cs_main);

    // Check whether we're already initialized
    if (chainActive.Genesis() != NULL)
        return true;

    // Use the provided setting for -txindex in the new database
    fTxIndex = GetBoolArg("-txindex", DEFAULT_TXINDEX);
    pblocktree->WriteFlag("txindex", fTxIndex);

    // Use the provided setting for -addressindex in the new database
    fAddressIndex = GetBoolArg("-addressindex", DEFAULT_ADDRESSINDEX);
    pblocktree->WriteFlag("addressindex", fAddressIndex);

    // Use the provided setting for -timestampindex in the new database
    fTimestampIndex = GetBoolArg("-timestampindex", DEFAULT_TIMESTAMPINDEX);
    pblocktree->WriteFlag("timestampindex", fTimestampIndex);

    fSpentIndex = GetBoolArg("-spentindex", DEFAULT_SPENTINDEX);
    pblocktree->WriteFlag("spentindex", fSpentIndex);

    LogPrintf("Initializing databases...\n");

    // Only add the genesis block if not reindexing (in which case we reuse the one already on disk)
    if (!fReindex) {
        try {
            CValidationState state;

            if (!AddGenesisBlock(chainparams, chainparams.GenesisBlock(), state))
                return false;

            if (chainparams.NetworkIDString() == CBaseChainParams::DEVNET) {
                if (!AddGenesisBlock(chainparams, chainparams.DevNetGenesisBlock(), state))
                    return false;
            }

            // Force a chainstate write so that when we VerifyDB in a moment, it doesn't check stale data
            return FlushStateToDisk(state, FLUSH_STATE_ALWAYS);
        } catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
            return error("%s: failed to initialize block database: %s", __func__, e.what());
        }
    }

    return true;
}

bool LoadExternalBlockFile(const CChainParams& chainparams, FILE* fileIn, CDiskBlockPos *dbp)
{
    // Map of disk positions for blocks with unknown parent (only used for reindex)
    static std::multimap<uint256, CDiskBlockPos> mapBlocksUnknownParent;
    int64_t nStart = GetTimeMillis();

    int nLoaded = 0;
    try {
        unsigned int nMaxBlockSize = MaxBlockSize(true);
        // This takes over fileIn and calls fclose() on it in the CBufferedFile destructor
        CBufferedFile blkdat(fileIn, 2*nMaxBlockSize, nMaxBlockSize+8, SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);
        uint64_t nRewind = blkdat.GetPos();
        while (!blkdat.eof()) {
            boost::this_thread::interruption_point();

            blkdat.SetPos(nRewind);
            nRewind++; // start one byte further next time, in case of failure
            blkdat.SetLimit(); // remove former limit
            unsigned int nSize = 0;
            try {
                // locate a header
                unsigned char buf[MESSAGE_START_SIZE];
                blkdat.FindByte(chainparams.MessageStart()[0]);
                nRewind = blkdat.GetPos()+1;
                blkdat >> FLATDATA(buf);
                if (memcmp(buf, chainparams.MessageStart(), MESSAGE_START_SIZE))
                    continue;
                // read size
                blkdat >> nSize;
                if (nSize < 80 || nSize > nMaxBlockSize)
                    continue;
            } catch (const std::exception&) {
                // no valid block header found; don't complain
                break;
            }
            try {
                // read block
                uint64_t nBlockPos = blkdat.GetPos();
                if (dbp)
                    dbp->nPos = nBlockPos;
                blkdat.SetLimit(nBlockPos + nSize);
                blkdat.SetPos(nBlockPos);
                CBlock block;
                blkdat >> block;
                nRewind = blkdat.GetPos();

                // detect out of order blocks, and store them for later
                uint256 hash = block.GetHash();
                if (hash != chainparams.GetConsensus().hashGenesisBlock && mapBlockIndex.find(block.hashPrevBlock) == mapBlockIndex.end()) {
                    LogPrint("reindex", "%s: Out of order block %s, parent %s not known\n", __func__, hash.ToString(),
                            block.hashPrevBlock.ToString());
                    if (dbp)
                        mapBlocksUnknownParent.insert(std::make_pair(block.hashPrevBlock, *dbp));
                    continue;
                }

                // process in case the block isn't known yet
                if (mapBlockIndex.count(hash) == 0 || (mapBlockIndex[hash]->nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA) == 0) {
                    LOCK(cs_main);
                    CValidationState state;
                    if (AcceptBlock(block, state, chainparams, NULL, true, dbp, NULL))
                        nLoaded++;
                    if (state.IsError())
                        break;
                } else if (hash != chainparams.GetConsensus().hashGenesisBlock && mapBlockIndex[hash]->nHeight % 1000 == 0) {
                    LogPrint("reindex", "Block Import: already had block %s at height %d\n", hash.ToString(), mapBlockIndex[hash]->nHeight);
                }

                // Activate the genesis block so normal node progress can continue
                if (hash == chainparams.GetConsensus().hashGenesisBlock) {
                    CValidationState state;
                    if (!ActivateBestChain(state, chainparams)) {
                        break;
                    }
                }

                NotifyHeaderTip();

                // Recursively process earlier encountered successors of this block
                deque<uint256> queue;
                queue.push_back(hash);
                while (!queue.empty()) {
                    uint256 head = queue.front();
                    queue.pop_front();
                    std::pair<std::multimap<uint256, CDiskBlockPos>::iterator, std::multimap<uint256, CDiskBlockPos>::iterator> range = mapBlocksUnknownParent.equal_range(head);
                    while (range.first != range.second) {
                        std::multimap<uint256, CDiskBlockPos>::iterator it = range.first;
                        if (ReadBlockFromDisk(block, it->second, chainparams.GetConsensus()))
                        {
                            LogPrint("reindex", "%s: Processing out of order child %s of %s\n", __func__, block.GetHash().ToString(),
                                    head.ToString());
                            LOCK(cs_main);
                            CValidationState dummy;
                            if (AcceptBlock(block, dummy, chainparams, NULL, true, &it->second, NULL))
                            {
                                nLoaded++;
                                queue.push_back(block.GetHash());
                            }
                        }
                        range.first++;
                        mapBlocksUnknownParent.erase(it);
                        NotifyHeaderTip();
                    }
                }
            } catch (const std::exception& e) {
                LogPrintf("%s: Deserialize or I/O error - %s\n", __func__, e.what());
            }
        }
    } catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
        AbortNode(std::string("System error: ") + e.what());
    }
    if (nLoaded > 0)
        LogPrintf("Loaded %i blocks from external file in %dms\n", nLoaded, GetTimeMillis() - nStart);
    return nLoaded > 0;
}

void static CheckBlockIndex(const Consensus::Params& consensusParams)
{
    if (!fCheckBlockIndex) {
        return;
    }

    LOCK(cs_main);

    // During a reindex, we read the genesis block and call CheckBlockIndex before ActivateBestChain,
    // so we have the genesis block in mapBlockIndex but no active chain.  (A few of the tests when
    // iterating the block tree require that chainActive has been initialized.)
    if (chainActive.Height() < 0) {
        assert(mapBlockIndex.size() <= 1);
        return;
    }

    // Build forward-pointing map of the entire block tree.
    std::multimap<CBlockIndex*,CBlockIndex*> forward;
    for (BlockMap::iterator it = mapBlockIndex.begin(); it != mapBlockIndex.end(); it++) {
        forward.insert(std::make_pair(it->second->pprev, it->second));
    }

    assert(forward.size() == mapBlockIndex.size());

    std::pair<std::multimap<CBlockIndex*,CBlockIndex*>::iterator,std::multimap<CBlockIndex*,CBlockIndex*>::iterator> rangeGenesis = forward.equal_range(NULL);
    CBlockIndex *pindex = rangeGenesis.first->second;
    rangeGenesis.first++;
    assert(rangeGenesis.first == rangeGenesis.second); // There is only one index entry with parent NULL.

    // Iterate over the entire block tree, using depth-first search.
    // Along the way, remember whether there are blocks on the path from genesis
    // block being explored which are the first to have certain properties.
    size_t nNodes = 0;
    int nHeight = 0;
    CBlockIndex* pindexFirstInvalid = NULL; // Oldest ancestor of pindex which is invalid.
    CBlockIndex* pindexFirstMissing = NULL; // Oldest ancestor of pindex which does not have BLOCK_HAVE_DATA.
    CBlockIndex* pindexFirstNeverProcessed = NULL; // Oldest ancestor of pindex for which nTx == 0.
    CBlockIndex* pindexFirstNotTreeValid = NULL; // Oldest ancestor of pindex which does not have BLOCK_VALID_TREE (regardless of being valid or not).
    CBlockIndex* pindexFirstNotTransactionsValid = NULL; // Oldest ancestor of pindex which does not have BLOCK_VALID_TRANSACTIONS (regardless of being valid or not).
    CBlockIndex* pindexFirstNotChainValid = NULL; // Oldest ancestor of pindex which does not have BLOCK_VALID_CHAIN (regardless of being valid or not).
    CBlockIndex* pindexFirstNotScriptsValid = NULL; // Oldest ancestor of pindex which does not have BLOCK_VALID_SCRIPTS (regardless of being valid or not).
    while (pindex != NULL) {
        nNodes++;
        if (pindexFirstInvalid == NULL && pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_FAILED_VALID) pindexFirstInvalid = pindex;
        if (pindexFirstMissing == NULL && !(pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA)) pindexFirstMissing = pindex;
        if (pindexFirstNeverProcessed == NULL && pindex->nTx == 0) pindexFirstNeverProcessed = pindex;
        if (pindex->pprev != NULL && pindexFirstNotTreeValid == NULL && (pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_VALID_MASK) < BLOCK_VALID_TREE) pindexFirstNotTreeValid = pindex;
        if (pindex->pprev != NULL && pindexFirstNotTransactionsValid == NULL && (pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_VALID_MASK) < BLOCK_VALID_TRANSACTIONS) pindexFirstNotTransactionsValid = pindex;
        if (pindex->pprev != NULL && pindexFirstNotChainValid == NULL && (pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_VALID_MASK) < BLOCK_VALID_CHAIN) pindexFirstNotChainValid = pindex;
        if (pindex->pprev != NULL && pindexFirstNotScriptsValid == NULL && (pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_VALID_MASK) < BLOCK_VALID_SCRIPTS) pindexFirstNotScriptsValid = pindex;

        // Begin: actual consistency checks.
        if (pindex->pprev == NULL) {
            // Genesis block checks.
            assert(pindex->GetBlockHash() == consensusParams.hashGenesisBlock); // Genesis block's hash must match.
            assert(pindex == chainActive.Genesis()); // The current active chain's genesis block must be this block.
        }
        if (pindex->nChainTx == 0) assert(pindex->nSequenceId == 0);  // nSequenceId can't be set for blocks that aren't linked
        // VALID_TRANSACTIONS is equivalent to nTx > 0 for all nodes (whether or not pruning has occurred).
        // HAVE_DATA is only equivalent to nTx > 0 (or VALID_TRANSACTIONS) if no pruning has occurred.
        if (!fHavePruned) {
            // If we've never pruned, then HAVE_DATA should be equivalent to nTx > 0
            assert(!(pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA) == (pindex->nTx == 0));
            assert(pindexFirstMissing == pindexFirstNeverProcessed);
        } else {
            // If we have pruned, then we can only say that HAVE_DATA implies nTx > 0
            if (pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA) assert(pindex->nTx > 0);
        }
        if (pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_UNDO) assert(pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA);
        assert(((pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_VALID_MASK) >= BLOCK_VALID_TRANSACTIONS) == (pindex->nTx > 0)); // This is pruning-independent.
        // All parents having had data (at some point) is equivalent to all parents being VALID_TRANSACTIONS, which is equivalent to nChainTx being set.
        assert((pindexFirstNeverProcessed != NULL) == (pindex->nChainTx == 0)); // nChainTx != 0 is used to signal that all parent blocks have been processed (but may have been pruned).
        assert((pindexFirstNotTransactionsValid != NULL) == (pindex->nChainTx == 0));
        assert(pindex->nHeight == nHeight); // nHeight must be consistent.
        assert(pindex->pprev == NULL || pindex->nChainWork >= pindex->pprev->nChainWork); // For every block except the genesis block, the chainwork must be larger than the parent's.
        assert(nHeight < 2 || (pindex->pskip && (pindex->pskip->nHeight < nHeight))); // The pskip pointer must point back for all but the first 2 blocks.
        assert(pindexFirstNotTreeValid == NULL); // All mapBlockIndex entries must at least be TREE valid
        if ((pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_VALID_MASK) >= BLOCK_VALID_TREE) assert(pindexFirstNotTreeValid == NULL); // TREE valid implies all parents are TREE valid
        if ((pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_VALID_MASK) >= BLOCK_VALID_CHAIN) assert(pindexFirstNotChainValid == NULL); // CHAIN valid implies all parents are CHAIN valid
        if ((pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_VALID_MASK) >= BLOCK_VALID_SCRIPTS) assert(pindexFirstNotScriptsValid == NULL); // SCRIPTS valid implies all parents are SCRIPTS valid
        if (pindexFirstInvalid == NULL) {
            // Checks for not-invalid blocks.
            assert((pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_FAILED_MASK) == 0); // The failed mask cannot be set for blocks without invalid parents.
        }
        if (!CBlockIndexWorkComparator()(pindex, chainActive.Tip()) && pindexFirstNeverProcessed == NULL) {
            if (pindexFirstInvalid == NULL) {
                // If this block sorts at least as good as the current tip and
                // is valid and we have all data for its parents, it must be in
                // setBlockIndexCandidates.  chainActive.Tip() must also be there
                // even if some data has been pruned.
                if (pindexFirstMissing == NULL || pindex == chainActive.Tip()) {
                    assert(setBlockIndexCandidates.count(pindex));
                }
                // If some parent is missing, then it could be that this block was in
                // setBlockIndexCandidates but had to be removed because of the missing data.
                // In this case it must be in mapBlocksUnlinked -- see test below.
            }
        } else { // If this block sorts worse than the current tip or some ancestor's block has never been seen, it cannot be in setBlockIndexCandidates.
            assert(setBlockIndexCandidates.count(pindex) == 0);
        }
        // Check whether this block is in mapBlocksUnlinked.
        std::pair<std::multimap<CBlockIndex*,CBlockIndex*>::iterator,std::multimap<CBlockIndex*,CBlockIndex*>::iterator> rangeUnlinked = mapBlocksUnlinked.equal_range(pindex->pprev);
        bool foundInUnlinked = false;
        while (rangeUnlinked.first != rangeUnlinked.second) {
            assert(rangeUnlinked.first->first == pindex->pprev);
            if (rangeUnlinked.first->second == pindex) {
                foundInUnlinked = true;
                break;
            }
            rangeUnlinked.first++;
        }
        if (pindex->pprev && (pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA) && pindexFirstNeverProcessed != NULL && pindexFirstInvalid == NULL) {
            // If this block has block data available, some parent was never received, and has no invalid parents, it must be in mapBlocksUnlinked.
            assert(foundInUnlinked);
        }
        if (!(pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA)) assert(!foundInUnlinked); // Can't be in mapBlocksUnlinked if we don't HAVE_DATA
        if (pindexFirstMissing == NULL) assert(!foundInUnlinked); // We aren't missing data for any parent -- cannot be in mapBlocksUnlinked.
        if (pindex->pprev && (pindex->nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA) && pindexFirstNeverProcessed == NULL && pindexFirstMissing != NULL) {
            // We HAVE_DATA for this block, have received data for all parents at some point, but we're currently missing data for some parent.
            assert(fHavePruned); // We must have pruned.
            // This block may have entered mapBlocksUnlinked if:
            //  - it has a descendant that at some point had more work than the
            //    tip, and
            //  - we tried switching to that descendant but were missing
            //    data for some intermediate block between chainActive and the
            //    tip.
            // So if this block is itself better than chainActive.Tip() and it wasn't in
            // setBlockIndexCandidates, then it must be in mapBlocksUnlinked.
            if (!CBlockIndexWorkComparator()(pindex, chainActive.Tip()) && setBlockIndexCandidates.count(pindex) == 0) {
                if (pindexFirstInvalid == NULL) {
                    assert(foundInUnlinked);
                }
            }
        }
        // assert(pindex->GetBlockHash() == pindex->GetBlockHeader().GetHash()); // Perhaps too slow
        // End: actual consistency checks.

        // Try descending into the first subnode.
        std::pair<std::multimap<CBlockIndex*,CBlockIndex*>::iterator,std::multimap<CBlockIndex*,CBlockIndex*>::iterator> range = forward.equal_range(pindex);
        if (range.first != range.second) {
            // A subnode was found.
            pindex = range.first->second;
            nHeight++;
            continue;
        }
        // This is a leaf node.
        // Move upwards until we reach a node of which we have not yet visited the last child.
        while (pindex) {
            // We are going to either move to a parent or a sibling of pindex.
            // If pindex was the first with a certain property, unset the corresponding variable.
            if (pindex == pindexFirstInvalid) pindexFirstInvalid = NULL;
            if (pindex == pindexFirstMissing) pindexFirstMissing = NULL;
            if (pindex == pindexFirstNeverProcessed) pindexFirstNeverProcessed = NULL;
            if (pindex == pindexFirstNotTreeValid) pindexFirstNotTreeValid = NULL;
            if (pindex == pindexFirstNotTransactionsValid) pindexFirstNotTransactionsValid = NULL;
            if (pindex == pindexFirstNotChainValid) pindexFirstNotChainValid = NULL;
            if (pindex == pindexFirstNotScriptsValid) pindexFirstNotScriptsValid = NULL;
            // Find our parent.
            CBlockIndex* pindexPar = pindex->pprev;
            // Find which child we just visited.
            std::pair<std::multimap<CBlockIndex*,CBlockIndex*>::iterator,std::multimap<CBlockIndex*,CBlockIndex*>::iterator> rangePar = forward.equal_range(pindexPar);
            while (rangePar.first->second != pindex) {
                assert(rangePar.first != rangePar.second); // Our parent must have at least the node we're coming from as child.
                rangePar.first++;
            }
            // Proceed to the next one.
            rangePar.first++;
            if (rangePar.first != rangePar.second) {
                // Move to the sibling.
                pindex = rangePar.first->second;
                break;
            } else {
                // Move up further.
                pindex = pindexPar;
                nHeight--;
                continue;
            }
        }
    }

    // Check that we actually traversed the entire map.
    assert(nNodes == forward.size());
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// CAlert
//

std::string GetWarnings(const std::string& strFor)
{
    int nPriority = 0;
    string strStatusBar;
    string strRPC;
    string strGUI;

    if (!CLIENT_VERSION_IS_RELEASE) {
        strStatusBar = "This is a pre-release test build - use at your own risk - do not use for mining or merchant applications";
        strGUI = _("This is a pre-release test build - use at your own risk - do not use for mining or merchant applications");
    }

    if (GetBoolArg("-testsafemode", DEFAULT_TESTSAFEMODE))
        strStatusBar = strRPC = strGUI = "testsafemode enabled";

    // Misc warnings like out of disk space and clock is wrong
    if (strMiscWarning != "")
    {
        nPriority = 1000;
        strStatusBar = strGUI = strMiscWarning;
    }

    if (fLargeWorkForkFound)
    {
        nPriority = 2000;
        strStatusBar = strRPC = "Warning: The network does not appear to fully agree! Some miners appear to be experiencing issues.";
        strGUI = _("Warning: The network does not appear to fully agree! Some miners appear to be experiencing issues.");
    }
    else if (fLargeWorkInvalidChainFound)
    {
        nPriority = 2000;
        strStatusBar = strRPC = "Warning: We do not appear to fully agree with our peers! You may need to upgrade, or other nodes may need to upgrade.";
        strGUI = _("Warning: We do not appear to fully agree with our peers! You may need to upgrade, or other nodes may need to upgrade.");
    }

    // Alerts
    {
        LOCK(cs_mapAlerts);
        BOOST_FOREACH(PAIRTYPE(const uint256, CAlert)& item, mapAlerts)
        {
            const CAlert& alert = item.second;
            if (alert.AppliesToMe() && alert.nPriority > nPriority)
            {
                nPriority = alert.nPriority;
                strStatusBar = strGUI = alert.strStatusBar;
            }
        }
    }

    if (strFor == "gui")
        return strGUI;
    else if (strFor == "statusbar")
        return strStatusBar;
    else if (strFor == "rpc")
        return strRPC;
    assert(!"GetWarnings(): invalid parameter");
    return "error";
}
 std::string CBlockFileInfo::ToString() const {
     return strprintf("CBlockFileInfo(blocks=%u, size=%u, heights=%u...%u, time=%s...%s)", nBlocks, nSize, nHeightFirst, nHeightLast, DateTimeStrFormat("%Y-%m-%d", nTimeFirst), DateTimeStrFormat("%Y-%m-%d", nTimeLast));
 }

ThresholdState VersionBitsTipState(const Consensus::Params& params, Consensus::DeploymentPos pos)
{
    AssertLockHeld(cs_main);
    return VersionBitsState(chainActive.Tip(), params, pos, versionbitscache);
}

class CMainCleanup
{
public:
    CMainCleanup() {}
    ~CMainCleanup() {
        // block headers
        BlockMap::iterator it1 = mapBlockIndex.begin();
        for (; it1 != mapBlockIndex.end(); it1++)
            delete (*it1).second;
        mapBlockIndex.clear();
    }
} instance_of_cmaincleanup;