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UNIX BUILD NOTES
Some notes on how to build Dash Core in Unix.
(for OpenBSD specific instructions, see build-openbsd.md)
Note
Always use absolute paths to configure and compile Dash Core and the dependencies, for example, when specifying the path of the dependency:
../dist/configure --enable-cxx --disable-shared --with-pic --prefix=$BDB_PREFIX
Here BDB_PREFIX must be an absolute path - it is defined using $(pwd) which ensures the usage of the absolute path.
To Build
./autogen.sh
./configure
make
make install # optional
This will build dash-qt as well if the dependencies are met.
Dependencies
These dependencies are required:
| Library | Purpose | Description |
|---|---|---|
| libssl | Crypto | Random Number Generation, Elliptic Curve Cryptography |
| libboost | Utility | Library for threading, data structures, etc |
| libevent | Networking | OS independent asynchronous networking |
Optional dependencies:
| Library | Purpose | Description |
|---|---|---|
| miniupnpc | UPnP Support | Firewall-jumping support |
| libdb4.8 | Berkeley DB | Wallet storage (only needed when wallet enabled) |
| qt | GUI | GUI toolkit (only needed when GUI enabled) |
| protobuf | Payments in GUI | Data interchange format used for payment protocol (only needed when GUI enabled) |
| libqrencode | QR codes in GUI | Optional for generating QR codes (only needed when GUI enabled) |
| univalue | Utility | JSON parsing and encoding (bundled version will be used unless --with-system-univalue passed to configure) |
| libzmq3 | ZMQ notification | Optional, allows generating ZMQ notifications (requires ZMQ version >= 4.x) |
For the versions used in the release, see release-process.md under Fetch and build inputs.
Memory Requirements
C++ compilers are memory-hungry. It is recommended to have at least 1.5 GB of memory available when compiling Dash Core. On systems with less, gcc can be tuned to conserve memory with additional CXXFLAGS:
./configure CXXFLAGS="--param ggc-min-expand=1 --param ggc-min-heapsize=32768"
Dependency Build Instructions: Ubuntu & Debian
Build requirements:
sudo apt-get install build-essential libtool autotools-dev automake pkg-config libssl-dev libevent-dev bsdmainutils
Options when installing required Boost library files:
-
On at least Ubuntu 14.04+ and Debian 7+ there are generic names for the individual boost development packages, so the following can be used to only install necessary parts of boost:
sudo apt-get install libboost-system-dev libboost-filesystem-dev libboost-chrono-dev libboost-program-options-dev libboost-test-dev libboost-thread-dev -
If that doesn't work, you can install all boost development packages with:
sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev
BerkeleyDB is required for the wallet. db4.8 packages are available here. You can add the repository and install using the following commands:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bitcoin/bitcoin
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libdb4.8-dev libdb4.8++-dev
Ubuntu and Debian have their own libdb-dev and libdb++-dev packages, but these will install
BerkeleyDB 5.1 or later, which break binary wallet compatibility with the distributed executables which
are based on BerkeleyDB 4.8. If you do not care about wallet compatibility,
pass --with-incompatible-bdb to configure.
See the section "Disable-wallet mode" to build Dash Core without wallet.
Optional:
sudo apt-get install libminiupnpc-dev (see --with-miniupnpc and --enable-upnp-default)
ZMQ dependencies:
sudo apt-get install libzmq3-dev (provides ZMQ API 4.x)
Dependencies for the GUI: Ubuntu & Debian
If you want to build Dash-Qt, make sure that the required packages for Qt development
are installed. Either Qt 5 or Qt 4 are necessary to build the GUI.
If both Qt 4 and Qt 5 are installed, Qt 5 will be used. Pass --with-gui=qt4 to configure to choose Qt4.
To build without GUI pass --without-gui.
To build with Qt 5 (recommended) you need the following:
sudo apt-get install libqt5gui5 libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5 qttools5-dev qttools5-dev-tools libprotobuf-dev protobuf-compiler
Alternatively, to build with Qt 4 you need the following:
sudo apt-get install libqt4-dev libprotobuf-dev protobuf-compiler
libqrencode (optional) can be installed with:
sudo apt-get install libqrencode-dev
Once these are installed, they will be found by configure and a dash-qt executable will be built by default.
Dependency Build Instructions: Fedora
Build requirements:
sudo dnf install gcc-c++ libtool make autoconf automake openssl-devel libevent-devel boost-devel libdb4-devel libdb4-cxx-devel
Optional:
sudo dnf install miniupnpc-devel
To build with Qt 5 (recommended) you need the following:
sudo dnf install qt5-qttools-devel qt5-qtbase-devel protobuf-devel
libqrencode (optional) can be installed with:
sudo dnf install qrencode-devel
Notes
The release is built with GCC and then "strip dashd" to strip the debug symbols, which reduces the executable size by about 90%.
miniupnpc
miniupnpc may be used for UPnP port mapping. It can be downloaded from here. UPnP support is compiled in and turned off by default. See the configure options for upnp behavior desired:
--without-miniupnpc No UPnP support miniupnp not required
--disable-upnp-default (the default) UPnP support turned off by default at runtime
--enable-upnp-default UPnP support turned on by default at runtime
Berkeley DB
It is recommended to use Berkeley DB 4.8. If you have to build it yourself:
DASH_ROOT=$(pwd)
# Pick some path to install BDB to, here we create a directory within the dash directory
BDB_PREFIX="${DASH_ROOT}/db4"
mkdir -p $BDB_PREFIX
# Fetch the source and verify that it is not tampered with
wget 'http://download.oracle.com/berkeley-db/db-4.8.30.NC.tar.gz'
echo '12edc0df75bf9abd7f82f821795bcee50f42cb2e5f76a6a281b85732798364ef db-4.8.30.NC.tar.gz' | sha256sum -c
# -> db-4.8.30.NC.tar.gz: OK
tar -xzvf db-4.8.30.NC.tar.gz
# Build the library and install to our prefix
cd db-4.8.30.NC/build_unix/
# Note: Do a static build so that it can be embedded into the executable, instead of having to find a .so at runtime
../dist/configure --enable-cxx --disable-shared --with-pic --prefix=$BDB_PREFIX
make install
# Configure Dash Core to use our own-built instance of BDB
cd $DASH_ROOT
./autogen.sh
./configure LDFLAGS="-L${BDB_PREFIX}/lib/" CPPFLAGS="-I${BDB_PREFIX}/include/" # (other args...)
Note: You only need Berkeley DB if the wallet is enabled (see the section Disable-Wallet mode below).
Boost
If you need to build Boost yourself:
sudo su
./bootstrap.sh
./bjam install
Security
To help make your Dash installation more secure by making certain attacks impossible to exploit even if a vulnerability is found, binaries are hardened by default. This can be disabled with:
Hardening Flags:
./configure --enable-hardening
./configure --disable-hardening
Hardening enables the following features:
-
Position Independent Executable Build position independent code to take advantage of Address Space Layout Randomization offered by some kernels. Attackers who can cause execution of code at an arbitrary memory location are thwarted if they don't know where anything useful is located. The stack and heap are randomly located by default but this allows the code section to be randomly located as well.
On an AMD64 processor where a library was not compiled with -fPIC, this will cause an error such as: "relocation R_X86_64_32 against `......' can not be used when making a shared object;"
To test that you have built PIE executable, install scanelf, part of paxutils, and use:
scanelf -e ./dashdThe output should contain:
TYPE ET_DYN
-
Non-executable Stack If the stack is executable then trivial stack based buffer overflow exploits are possible if vulnerable buffers are found. By default, Dash Core should be built with a non-executable stack but if one of the libraries it uses asks for an executable stack or someone makes a mistake and uses a compiler extension which requires an executable stack, it will silently build an executable without the non-executable stack protection.
To verify that the stack is non-executable after compiling use:
scanelf -e ./dashdthe output should contain: STK/REL/PTL RW- R-- RW-
The STK RW- means that the stack is readable and writeable but not executable.
Disable-wallet mode
When the intention is to run only a P2P node without a wallet, Dash Core may be compiled in disable-wallet mode with:
./configure --disable-wallet
In this case there is no dependency on Berkeley DB 4.8.
Mining is also possible in disable-wallet mode, but only using the getblocktemplate RPC
call not getwork.
Additional Configure Flags
A list of additional configure flags can be displayed with:
./configure --help
Setup and Build Example: Arch Linux
This example lists the steps necessary to setup and build a command line only, non-wallet distribution of the latest changes on Arch Linux:
pacman -S git base-devel boost libevent python
git clone https://github.com/dashpay/dash.git
cd dash/
./autogen.sh
./configure --disable-wallet --without-gui --without-miniupnpc
make check
Note:
Enabling wallet support requires either compiling against a Berkeley DB newer than 4.8 (package db) using --with-incompatible-bdb,
or building and depending on a local version of Berkeley DB 4.8. The readily available Arch Linux packages are currently built using
--with-incompatible-bdb according to the PKGBUILD.
As mentioned above, when maintaining portability of the wallet between the standard Dash Core distributions and independently built
node software is desired, Berkeley DB 4.8 must be used.
ARM Cross-compilation
These steps can be performed on, for example, an Ubuntu VM. The depends system will also work on other Linux distributions, however the commands for installing the toolchain will be different.
Make sure you install the build requirements mentioned above. Then, install the toolchain and curl:
sudo apt-get install g++-arm-linux-gnueabihf curl
To build executables for ARM:
cd depends
make HOST=arm-linux-gnueabihf NO_QT=1
cd ..
./configure --prefix=$PWD/depends/arm-linux-gnueabihf --enable-glibc-back-compat --enable-reduce-exports LDFLAGS=-static-libstdc++
make
For further documentation on the depends system see README.md in the depends directory.
Building on FreeBSD
(Updated as of FreeBSD 10.3)
Clang is installed by default as cc compiler, this makes it easier to get
started than on OpenBSD. Installing dependencies:
pkg install autoconf automake libtool pkgconf
pkg install boost-libs openssl libevent2
(libressl instead of openssl will also work)
For the wallet (optional):
pkg install db5
This will give a warning "configure: WARNING: Found Berkeley DB other than 4.8; wallets opened by this build will not be portable!", but as FreeBSD never had a binary release, this may not matter. If backwards compatibility with 4.8-built Bitcoin Core is needed follow the steps under "Berkeley DB" above.
Then build using:
./autogen.sh
./configure --with-incompatible-bdb CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include/db5 LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/lib/db5
make
Note on debugging: The version of gdb installed by default is ancient and considered harmful.
It is not suitable for debugging a multi-threaded C++ program, not even for getting backtraces. Please install the package gdb and
use the versioned gdb command e.g. gdb7111.