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dash/test/functional/README.md
MarcoFalke ba73a3360a
Merge #17288: Added TestShell class for interactive Python environments. 
19139ee034d20ebab1b91d3ac13a8eee70b59374 Add documentation for test_shell submodule (JamesC)
f5112369cf91451d2d0bf574a9bfdaea04696939 Add TestShell class (James Chiang)
5155602a636c323424f75272ccec38588b3d71cd Move argparse() to init() (JamesC)
2ab01462f48b2d4e0d03ba842c3af8851c67c6f1 Move assert num_nodes is set into main() (JamesC)
614c645643e86c4255b98c663c10f2c227158d4b Clear TestNode objects after shutdown (JamesC)
6f40820757d25ff1ccfdfcbdf2b45b8b65308010 Add closing and flushing of logging handlers (JamesC)
6b71241291a184c9ee197bf5f0c7e1414417a0a0 Refactor TestFramework main() into setup/shutdown (JamesC)
ede8b7608e115364b5bb12e7f39d662145733de6 Remove network_event_loop instance in close() (JamesC)

Pull request description:

  This PR refactors BitcoinTestFramework to encapsulate setup and shutdown logic into dedicated methods, and adds a  ~~TestWrapper~~ TestShell child class. This wrapper allows the underlying BitcoinTestFramework to run _between user inputs_ in a REPL environment, such as a Jupyter notebook or any interactive Python3 interpreter.

  The ~~TestWrapper~~ TestShell is motivated by the opportunity to expose the test-framework as a prototyping and educational toolkit. Examples of code prototypes enabled by  ~~TestWrapper~~ TestShell can be found in the Optech [Taproot/Schnorr](https://github.com/bitcoinops/taproot-workshop) workshop repository.

  Usage example:
  ```
  >>> import sys
  >>> sys.path.insert(0, "/path/to/bitcoin/test/functional")
  ```
  ```
  >>> from test_framework.test_wrapper import TestShell
  >>> test = TestShell()
  >>> test.setup(num_nodes=2)
  20XX-XX-XXTXX:XX:XX.XXXXXXX TestFramework (INFO): Initializing test directory /path/to/bitcoin_func_test_XXXXXXX
  ```
  ```
  >>> test.nodes[0].generate(101)
  >>> test.nodes[0].getblockchaininfo()["blocks"]
  101
  ```
  ```
  >>> test.shutdown()
  20XX-XX-XXTXX:XX:XX.XXXXXXX TestFramework (INFO): Stopping nodes
  20XX-XX-XXTXX:XX:XX.XXXXXXX TestFramework (INFO): Cleaning up /path/to/bitcoin_func_test_XXXXXXX on exit
  20XX-XX-XXTXX:XX:XX.XXXXXXX TestFramework (INFO): Tests successful
  ```

  **Overview of changes to BitcoinTestFramework:**

  - Code moved to `setup()/shutdown()` methods.
  - Argument parsing logic encapsulated by `parse_args` method.
  - Success state moved to `BitcoinTestFramework.success`.

  _During Shutdown_

  - `BitcoinTestFramework` logging handlers are flushed and removed.
  - `BitcoinTestFrameowork.nodes` list is cleared.
  - `NetworkThread.network_event_loop` is reset. (NetworkThread class).

  **Behavioural changes:**
  - Test parameters can now also be set when overriding BitcoinTestFramework.setup() in addition to overriding `set_test_params` method.
  - Potential exceptions raised in BitcoinTestFramework.setup() will be handled in main().

  **Added files:**
  - ~~test_wrapper.py~~ `test_shell.py`
  - ~~test-wrapper.md~~ `test-shell.md`

ACKs for top commit:
  jamesob:
    ACK 19139ee034
  jonatack:
    ACK 19139ee034d20ebab1b91d3ac13a8eee70b59374
  jnewbery:
    Rather than invalidate the three ACKs for a minor nit, can you force push back to 19139ee034d20ebab1b91d3ac13a8eee70b59374 please? I think this PR was ready to merge before your last force push.
  jachiang:
    > Rather than invalidate the three ACKs for a minor nit, can you force push back to [19139ee](19139ee034) please? I think this PR was ready to merge before your last force push.
  jnewbery:
    ACK 19139ee034d20ebab1b91d3ac13a8eee70b59374

Tree-SHA512: 0c24f405f295a8580a9c8f1b9e0182b5d753eb08cc331424616dd50a062fb773d3719db4d08943365b1f42ccb965cc363b4bcc5beae27ac90b3460b349ed46b2
2022-09-07 21:45:31 +03:00

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# Functional tests
### Writing Functional Tests
#### Example test
The file [test/functional/example_test.py](example_test.py) is a heavily commented example
of a test case that uses both the RPC and P2P interfaces. If you are writing your first test, copy
that file and modify to fit your needs.
#### Coverage
Running `test/functional/test_runner.py` with the `--coverage` argument tracks which RPCs are
called by the tests and prints a report of uncovered RPCs in the summary. This
can be used (along with the `--extended` argument) to find out which RPCs we
don't have test cases for.
#### Style guidelines
- Where possible, try to adhere to [PEP-8 guidelines](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/)
- Use a python linter like flake8 before submitting PRs to catch common style
nits (eg trailing whitespace, unused imports, etc)
- The oldest supported Python version is specified in [doc/dependencies.md](/doc/dependencies.md).
Consider using [pyenv](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv), which checks [.python-version](/.python-version),
to prevent accidentally introducing modern syntax from an unsupported Python version.
The Travis linter also checks this, but [possibly not in all cases](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/14884#discussion_r239585126).
- See [the python lint script](/test/lint/lint-python.sh) that checks for violations that
could lead to bugs and issues in the test code.
- Avoid wildcard imports
- Use a module-level docstring to describe what the test is testing, and how it
is testing it.
- When subclassing the BitcoinTestFramwork, place overrides for the
`set_test_params()`, `add_options()` and `setup_xxxx()` methods at the top of
the subclass, then locally-defined helper methods, then the `run_test()` method.
- Use `'{}'.format(x)` for string formatting, not `'%s' % x`.
#### Naming guidelines
- Name the test `<area>_test.py`, where area can be one of the following:
- `feature` for tests for full features that aren't wallet/mining/mempool, eg `feature_rbf.py`
- `interface` for tests for other interfaces (REST, ZMQ, etc), eg `interface_rest.py`
- `mempool` for tests for mempool behaviour, eg `mempool_reorg.py`
- `mining` for tests for mining features, eg `mining_prioritisetransaction.py`
- `p2p` for tests that explicitly test the p2p interface, eg `p2p_disconnect_ban.py`
- `rpc` for tests for individual RPC methods or features, eg `rpc_listtransactions.py`
- `tool` for tests for tools, eg `tool_wallet.py`
- `wallet` for tests for wallet features, eg `wallet_keypool.py`
- use an underscore to separate words
- exception: for tests for specific RPCs or command line options which don't include underscores, name the test after the exact RPC or argument name, eg `rpc_decodescript.py`, not `rpc_decode_script.py`
- Don't use the redundant word `test` in the name, eg `interface_zmq.py`, not `interface_zmq_test.py`
#### General test-writing advice
- Set `self.num_nodes` to the minimum number of nodes necessary for the test.
Having additional unrequired nodes adds to the execution time of the test as
well as memory/CPU/disk requirements (which is important when running tests in
parallel or on Travis).
- Avoid stop-starting the nodes multiple times during the test if possible. A
stop-start takes several seconds, so doing it several times blows up the
runtime of the test.
- Set the `self.setup_clean_chain` variable in `set_test_params()` to control whether
or not to use the cached data directories. The cached data directories
contain a 200-block pre-mined blockchain and wallets for four nodes. Each node
has 25 mature blocks (25x500=12500 DASH) in its wallet.
- When calling RPCs with lots of arguments, consider using named keyword
arguments instead of positional arguments to make the intent of the call
clear to readers.
- Many of the core test framework classes such as `CBlock` and `CTransaction`
don't allow new attributes to be added to their objects at runtime like
typical Python objects allow. This helps prevent unpredictable side effects
from typographical errors or usage of the objects outside of their intended
purpose.
#### RPC and P2P definitions
Test writers may find it helpful to refer to the definitions for the RPC and
P2P messages. These can be found in the following source files:
- `/src/rpc/*` for RPCs
- `/src/wallet/rpc*` for wallet RPCs
- `ProcessMessage()` in `/src/net_processing.cpp` for parsing P2P messages
#### Using the P2P interface
- [messages.py](test_framework/messages.py) contains all the definitions for objects that pass
over the network (`CBlock`, `CTransaction`, etc, along with the network-level
wrappers for them, `msg_block`, `msg_tx`, etc).
- P2P tests have two threads. One thread handles all network communication
with the dashd(s) being tested in a callback-based event loop; the other
implements the test logic.
- `P2PConnection` is the class used to connect to a dashd. `P2PInterface`
contains the higher level logic for processing P2P payloads and connecting to
the Bitcoin Core node application logic. For custom behaviour, subclass the
P2PInterface object and override the callback methods.
- Can be used to write tests where specific P2P protocol behavior is tested.
Examples tests are [p2p_unrequested_blocks.py](p2p_unrequested_blocks.py),
[p2p_compactblocks.py](p2p_compactblocks.py).
#### Prototyping tests
The [`TestShell`](test-shell.md) class exposes the BitcoinTestFramework
functionality to interactive Python3 environments and can be used to prototype
tests. This may be especially useful in a REPL environment with session logging
utilities, such as
[IPython](https://ipython.readthedocs.io/en/stable/interactive/reference.html#session-logging-and-restoring).
The logs of such interactive sessions can later be adapted into permanent test
cases.
### Test framework modules
The following are useful modules for test developers. They are located in
[test/functional/test_framework/](test_framework).
#### [authproxy.py](test_framework/authproxy.py)
Taken from the [python-bitcoinrpc repository](https://github.com/jgarzik/python-bitcoinrpc).
#### [test_framework.py](test_framework/test_framework.py)
Base class for functional tests.
#### [util.py](test_framework/util.py)
Generally useful functions.
#### [mininode.py](test_framework/mininode.py)
Basic code to support P2P connectivity to a dashd.
#### [script.py](test_framework/script.py)
Utilities for manipulating transaction scripts (originally from python-bitcoinlib)
#### [key.py](test_framework/key.py)
Test-only secp256k1 elliptic curve implementation
#### [blocktools.py](test_framework/blocktools.py)
Helper functions for creating blocks and transactions.
### Benchmarking with perf
An easy way to profile node performance during functional tests is provided
for Linux platforms using `perf`.
Perf will sample the running node and will generate profile data in the node's
datadir. The profile data can then be presented using `perf report` or a graphical
tool like [hotspot](https://github.com/KDAB/hotspot).
There are two ways of invoking perf: one is to use the `--perf` flag when
running tests, which will profile each node during the entire test run: perf
begins to profile when the node starts and ends when it shuts down. The other
way is the use the `profile_with_perf` context manager, e.g.
```python
with node.profile_with_perf("send-big-msgs"):
# Perform activity on the node you're interested in profiling, e.g.:
for _ in range(10000):
node.p2p.send_message(some_large_message)
```
To see useful textual output, run
```sh
perf report -i /path/to/datadir/send-big-msgs.perf.data.xxxx --stdio | c++filt | less
```
#### See also:
- [Installing perf](https://askubuntu.com/q/50145)
- [Perf examples](http://www.brendangregg.com/perf.html)
- [Hotspot](https://github.com/KDAB/hotspot): a GUI for perf output analysis
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