dash/doc/build-unix.md

UNIX BUILD NOTES

Some notes on how to build Dash Core in Unix.

(For BSD specific instructions, see build-openbsd.md and/or build-netbsd.md)

Note

Always use absolute paths to configure and compile Dash Core and the dependencies. For example, when specifying the path of the dependency:

../dist/configure --enable-cxx --disable-shared --with-pic --prefix=$BDB_PREFIX

Here BDB_PREFIX must be an absolute path - it is defined using $(pwd) which ensures the usage of the absolute path.

To Build

./autogen.sh
./configure
make
make install # optional

This will build dash-qt as well, if the dependencies are met.

Dependencies

These dependencies are required:

Library	Purpose	Description
libboost	Utility	Library for threading, data structures, etc
libevent	Networking	OS independent asynchronous networking

Optional dependencies:

Library	Purpose	Description
gmp	Optimized math routines	Arbitrary precision arithmetic library
miniupnpc	UPnP Support	Firewall-jumping support
libnatpmp	NAT-PMP Support	Firewall-jumping support
libdb4.8	Berkeley DB	Wallet storage (only needed when wallet enabled)
qt	GUI	GUI toolkit (only needed when GUI enabled)
libqrencode	QR codes in GUI	Optional for generating QR codes (only needed when GUI enabled)
univalue	Utility	JSON parsing and encoding (bundled version will be used unless --with-system-univalue passed to configure)
libzmq3	ZMQ notification	Optional, allows generating ZMQ notifications (requires ZMQ version >= 4.0.0)
sqlite3	SQLite DB	Wallet storage (only needed when wallet enabled)

For the versions used, see dependencies.md

Memory Requirements

C++ compilers are memory-hungry. It is recommended to have at least 1.5 GB of memory available when compiling Dash Core. On systems with less, gcc can be tuned to conserve memory with additional CXXFLAGS:

./configure CXXFLAGS="--param ggc-min-expand=1 --param ggc-min-heapsize=32768"

Linux Distribution Specific Instructions

Ubuntu & Debian

Dependency Build Instructions

Build requirements:

sudo apt-get install build-essential libtool autotools-dev automake pkg-config libevent-dev bsdmainutils bison python3

Options when installing required Boost library files:

1. On at least Ubuntu 14.04+ and Debian 7+ there are generic names for the individual boost development packages, so the following can be used to only install necessary parts of boost:

    sudo apt-get install libboost-system-dev libboost-filesystem-dev libboost-test-dev libboost-thread-dev
   

2. If that doesn't work, you can install all boost development packages with:

    sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev
   

BerkeleyDB is required for the wallet.

For Ubuntu only: db4.8 packages are available here. You can add the repository and install using the following commands:

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bitcoin/bitcoin
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libdb4.8-dev libdb4.8++-dev

Ubuntu and Debian have their own libdb-dev and libdb++-dev packages, but these will install BerkeleyDB 5.1 or later. This will break binary wallet compatibility with the distributed executables, which are based on BerkeleyDB 4.8. If you do not care about wallet compatibility, pass --with-incompatible-bdb to configure.

SQLite is required for the wallet:

sudo apt install libsqlite3-dev

Optional port mapping libraries (see: --with-miniupnpc, --enable-upnp-default, and --with-natpmp, --enable-natpmp-default):

sudo apt install libminiupnpc-dev libnatpmp-dev

ZMQ dependencies (provides ZMQ API):

sudo apt-get install libzmq3-dev

GMP dependencies (provides platform-optimized routines):

sudo apt-get install libgmp-dev

Dependencies for the GUI

If you want to build dash-qt, make sure that the required packages for Qt development are installed. Qt 5 is necessary to build the GUI. To build without GUI pass --without-gui.

To build with Qt 5 you need the following:

sudo apt-get install libqt5gui5 libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5 qttools5-dev qttools5-dev-tools

libqrencode (optional) can be installed with:

sudo apt-get install libqrencode-dev

Once these are installed, they will be found by configure and a dash-qt executable will be built by default.

Fedora

Dependency Build Instructions

Build requirements:

sudo dnf install gcc-c++ libtool make autoconf automake libevent-devel boost-devel libdb4-devel libdb4-cxx-devel python3

Optional port mapping libraries (see: --with-miniupnpc, --enable-upnp-default, and --with-natpmp, --enable-natpmp-default):

sudo dnf install miniupnpc-devel libnatpmp-devel

ZMQ dependencies (provides ZMQ API):

sudo dnf install zeromq-devel

GMP dependencies (provides platform-optimized routines):

sudo dnf install gmp-devel

GUI dependencies:

If you want to build dash-qt, make sure that the required packages for Qt development are installed. Qt 5 is necessary to build the GUI. To build without GUI pass --without-gui.

To build with Qt 5 you need the following:

sudo dnf install qt5-qttools-devel qt5-qtbase-devel

libqrencode (optional) can be installed with:

sudo dnf install qrencode-devel

SQLite can be installed with:

sudo dnf install sqlite-devel

Notes

The release is built with GCC and then "strip dashd" to strip the debug symbols, which reduces the executable size by about 90%.

miniupnpc

miniupnpc may be used for UPnP port mapping. It can be downloaded from here. UPnP support is compiled in and turned off by default. See the configure options for upnp behavior desired:

--without-miniupnpc      No UPnP support miniupnp not required
--disable-upnp-default   (the default) UPnP support turned off by default at runtime
--enable-upnp-default    UPnP support turned on by default at runtime

libnatpmp

libnatpmp may be used for NAT-PMP port mapping. It can be downloaded from here. NAT-PMP support is compiled in and turned off by default. See the configure options for NAT-PMP behavior desired:

--without-natpmp          No NAT-PMP support, libnatpmp not required
--disable-natpmp-default  (the default) NAT-PMP support turned off by default at runtime
--enable-natpmp-default   NAT-PMP support turned on by default at runtime

Berkeley DB

It is recommended to use Berkeley DB 4.8. If you have to build it yourself, you can use the installation script included in contrib/ like so:

./contrib/install_db4.sh `pwd`

from the root of the repository.

Note: You only need Berkeley DB if the wallet is enabled (see Disable-wallet mode).

Boost

If you need to build Boost yourself:

sudo su
./bootstrap.sh
./bjam install

Security

To help make your Dash Core installation more secure by making certain attacks impossible to exploit even if a vulnerability is found, binaries are hardened by default. This can be disabled with:

Hardening Flags:

./configure --enable-hardening
./configure --disable-hardening

Hardening enables the following features:

• Position Independent Executable: Build position independent code to take advantage of Address Space Layout Randomization offered by some kernels. Attackers who can cause execution of code at an arbitrary memory location are thwarted if they don't know where anything useful is located. The stack and heap are randomly located by default, but this allows the code section to be randomly located as well.

  On an AMD64 processor where a library was not compiled with -fPIC, this will cause an error such as: "relocation R_X86_64_32 against `......' can not be used when making a shared object;"

  To test that you have built PIE executable, install scanelf, part of paxutils, and use:

    scanelf -e ./dashd
  

  The output should contain:

  TYPE ET_DYN

• Non-executable Stack: If the stack is executable then trivial stack-based buffer overflow exploits are possible if vulnerable buffers are found. By default, Dash Core should be built with a non-executable stack, but if one of the libraries it uses asks for an executable stack or someone makes a mistake and uses a compiler extension which requires an executable stack, it will silently build an executable without the non-executable stack protection.

  To verify that the stack is non-executable after compiling use: scanelf -e ./dashd

  The output should contain: STK/REL/PTL RW- R-- RW-

  The STK RW- means that the stack is readable and writeable but not executable.

Disable-wallet mode

When the intention is to run only a P2P node without a wallet, Dash Core may be compiled in disable-wallet mode with:

./configure --disable-wallet

In this case there is no dependency on Berkeley DB 4.8 and SQLite.

Mining is also possible in disable-wallet mode using the getblocktemplate RPC call.

Additional Configure Flags

A list of additional configure flags can be displayed with:

./configure --help

Setup and Build Example: Arch Linux

This example lists the steps necessary to setup and build a command line only, non-wallet distribution of the latest changes on Arch Linux:

pacman -S git base-devel boost libevent python
git clone https://github.com/dashpay/dash.git
cd dash/
./autogen.sh
./configure --disable-wallet --without-gui --without-miniupnpc
make check

Note: Enabling wallet support requires either compiling against a Berkeley DB newer than 4.8 (package db) using --with-incompatible-bdb, or building and depending on a local version of Berkeley DB 4.8. The readily available Arch Linux packages are currently built using --with-incompatible-bdb according to the PKGBUILD. As mentioned above, when maintaining portability of the wallet between the standard Dash Core distributions and independently built node software is desired, Berkeley DB 4.8 must be used.

ARM Cross-compilation

These steps can be performed on, for example, an Ubuntu VM. The depends system will also work on other Linux distributions, however the commands for installing the toolchain will be different.

Make sure you install the build requirements mentioned above. Then, install the toolchain and curl:

sudo apt-get install g++-arm-linux-gnueabihf curl

To build executables for ARM:

cd depends
make HOST=arm-linux-gnueabihf NO_QT=1
cd ..
./configure --prefix=$PWD/depends/arm-linux-gnueabihf --enable-glibc-back-compat --enable-reduce-exports LDFLAGS=-static-libstdc++
make

For further documentation on the depends system see README.md in the depends directory.

Building on FreeBSD

(Updated as of FreeBSD 11.0)

Clang is installed by default as cc compiler, this makes it easier to get started than on OpenBSD. Installing dependencies:

pkg install autoconf automake libtool pkgconf
pkg install boost-libs libevent
pkg install gmake

You need to use GNU make (gmake) instead of make.

For the wallet (optional):

pkg install db5

This will give a warning "configure: WARNING: Found Berkeley DB other than 4.8; wallets opened by this build will not be portable!", but as FreeBSD never had a binary release, this may not matter. If backwards compatibility with 4.8-built Dash Core is needed follow the steps under "Berkeley DB" above.

Then build using:

./autogen.sh
./configure --with-incompatible-bdb BDB_CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include/db5" BDB_LIBS="-L/usr/local/lib -ldb_cxx-5"
gmake

Note on debugging: The version of gdb installed by default is ancient and considered harmful. It is not suitable for debugging a multi-threaded C++ program, not even for getting backtraces. Please install the package gdb and use the versioned gdb command e.g. gdb7111.