mirror of
https://github.com/dashpay/dash.git
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124 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
124 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
# MacOS Deployment
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The `macdeployqtplus` script should not be run manually. Instead, after building as usual:
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```bash
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make deploy
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```
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When complete, it will have produced `Dash-Qt.dmg`.
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## SDK Extraction
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### Step 1: Obtaining `Xcode.app`
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Our current macOS SDK
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(`Xcode-12.1-12A7403-extracted-SDK-with-libcxx-headers.tar.gz`) can be
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extracted from
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[Xcode_12.1.xip](https://download.developer.apple.com/Developer_Tools/Xcode_12.1/Xcode_12.1.xip).
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Alternatively, after logging in to your account go to 'Downloads', then 'More'
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and look for [`Xcode_12.1`](https://download.developer.apple.com/Developer_Tools/Xcode_12.1/Xcode_12.1.xip).
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An Apple ID and cookies enabled for the hostname are needed to download this.
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The `sha256sum` of the archive should be `612443b1894b39368a596ea1607f30cbb0481ad44d5e29c75edb71a6d2cf050f`.
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After Xcode version 7.x, Apple started shipping the `Xcode.app` in a `.xip`
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archive. This makes the SDK less-trivial to extract on non-macOS machines. One
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approach (tested on Debian Buster) is outlined below:
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```bash
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# Install/clone tools needed for extracting Xcode.app
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apt install cpio
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git clone https://github.com/bitcoin-core/apple-sdk-tools.git
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# Unpack Xcode_12.1.xip and place the resulting Xcode.app in your current
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# working directory
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python3 apple-sdk-tools/extract_xcode.py -f Xcode_12.1.xip | cpio -d -i
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```
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On macOS the process is more straightforward:
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```bash
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xip -x Xcode_12.1.xip
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```
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### Step 2: Generating `Xcode-12.1-12A7403-extracted-SDK-with-libcxx-headers.tar.gz` from `Xcode.app`
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To generate `Xcode-12.1-12A7403-extracted-SDK-with-libcxx-headers.tar.gz`, run
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the script [`gen-sdk`](./gen-sdk) with the path to `Xcode.app` (extracted in the
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previous stage) as the first argument.
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```bash
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# Generate a Xcode-12.1-12A7403-extracted-SDK-with-libcxx-headers.tar.gz from
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# the supplied Xcode.app
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./contrib/macdeploy/gen-sdk '/path/to/Xcode.app'
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```
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## Deterministic macOS DMG Notes
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Working macOS DMGs are created in Linux by combining a recent `clang`, the Apple
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`binutils` (`ld`, `ar`, etc) and DMG authoring tools.
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Apple uses `clang` extensively for development and has upstreamed the necessary
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functionality so that a vanilla clang can take advantage. It supports the use of `-F`,
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`-target`, `-mmacosx-version-min`, and `-isysroot`, which are all necessary when
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building for macOS.
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Apple's version of `binutils` (called `cctools`) contains lots of functionality missing in the
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FSF's `binutils`. In addition to extra linker options for frameworks and sysroots, several
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other tools are needed as well such as `install_name_tool`, `lipo`, and `nmedit`. These
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do not build under Linux, so they have been patched to do so. The work here was used as
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a starting point: [mingwandroid/toolchain4](https://github.com/mingwandroid/toolchain4).
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In order to build a working toolchain, the following source packages are needed from
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Apple: `cctools`, `dyld`, and `ld64`.
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These tools inject timestamps by default, which produce non-deterministic binaries. The
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`ZERO_AR_DATE` environment variable is used to disable that.
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This version of `cctools` has been patched to use the current version of `clang`'s headers
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and its `libLTO.so` rather than those from `llvmgcc`, as it was originally done in `toolchain4`.
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To complicate things further, all builds must target an Apple SDK. These SDKs are free to
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download, but not redistributable. To obtain it, register for an Apple Developer Account,
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then download [Xcode_12.1](https://download.developer.apple.com/Developer_Tools/Xcode_12.1/Xcode_12.1.xip).
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This file is many gigabytes in size, but most (but not all) of what we need is
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contained only in a single directory:
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```bash
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Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk
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```
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See the SDK Extraction notes above for how to obtain it.
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The Gitian descriptors build 2 sets of files: Linux tools, then Apple binaries which are
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created using these tools. The build process has been designed to avoid including the
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SDK's files in Gitian's outputs. All interim tarballs are fully deterministic and may be freely
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redistributed.
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[`xorrisofs`](https://www.gnu.org/software/xorriso/) is used to create the DMG.
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`xorrisofs` cannot compress DMGs, so afterwards, the DMG tool from the
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`libdmg-hfsplus` project is used to compress it. There are several bugs in this
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tool and its maintainer has seemingly abandoned the project.
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The DMG tool has the ability to create DMGs from scratch as well, but this functionality is
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broken. Only the compression feature is currently used. Ideally, the creation could be fixed
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and `xorrisofs` would no longer be necessary.
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Background images and other features can be added to DMG files by inserting a
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`.DS_Store` during creation.
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As of OS X 10.9 Mavericks, using an Apple-blessed key to sign binaries is a requirement in
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order to satisfy the new Gatekeeper requirements. Because this private key cannot be
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shared, we'll have to be a bit creative in order for the build process to remain somewhat
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deterministic. Here's how it works:
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- Builders use Gitian to create an unsigned release. This outputs an unsigned DMG which
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users may choose to bless and run. It also outputs an unsigned app structure in the form
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of a tarball, which also contains all of the tools that have been previously (deterministically)
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built in order to create a final DMG.
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- The Apple keyholder uses this unsigned app to create a detached signature, using the
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script that is also included there. Detached signatures are available
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- Builders feed the unsigned app + detached signature back into Gitian. It uses the
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pre-built tools to recombine the pieces into a deterministic DMG.
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